This document discusses several popular Python libraries: - NumPy is a fundamental package for scientific computing and machine learning that represents data as n-dimensional arrays. Its array interface allows representing images, sounds, and other data as arrays. - Pandas allows working with and analyzing datasets, including functions for cleaning, exploring, and manipulating data. It can analyze big data and draw conclusions. - Pyttsx3 is a text-to-speech library that can convert text to speech offline, unlike some other libraries. - Wikipedia allows programmatically accessing and parsing data from Wikipedia, including searching, getting article summaries and linked data. - Other standard Python modules discussed include datetime for date/time handling, webbrowser for controlling browsers,

2. A library is a collection of modules. It is a reusable
chunk of code that you may want to include in
your programs/projects.

4. Numpy is considered as one of the most popular
machine learning library in Python. Array interface is
the best and the most important feature of Numpy. This
interface can be utilized for expressing images, sound
waves, and other binary raw streams as an array of real
numbers in N-dimensional.

5. import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr)
print(type(arr))
Output- [1 2 3 4 5]
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
Example 1-

6. import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(arr)
Output- [[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
Example 2-

7. Pandas is a Python library used for working with data
sets. It has functions for analyzing, cleaning, exploring,
and manipulating data. Its allows us to analyze big
data and make conclusions based on statistical
theories. It can clean messy data sets, and make them
readable and relevant.

8. import pandas as pd
data = {'Name':[' Janny ', 'Amit',’Suji‘]
'Age':[28,34,29,42]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print df
Its output is as follows −
Age Name
0 28 Janny
1 34 Amit
2 29 Suji
Example1

9. pyttsx3 is a text-to-speech conversion library in Python.
Unlike alternative libraries, it works offline.
import pyttsx3
engine = pyttsx3.init()
engine.say("I will speak this text")
engine.runAndWait()

10. Wikipedia is a Python library that makes it easy to
access and parse data from Wikipedia. Search
Wikipedia, get article summaries, get data like links
and images from a page, and more.

11. Example1
import wikipedia
# finding result for the search
# sentences = 2 refers to numbers of line
result = wikipedia.summary("India", sentences = 2)
# printing the result
print(result)

12. Python Modules
A python module can be defined as
a python program file which
contains a python code including
python functions, class, or
variables. In other words, we can
say that our python code file saved

13. with the extension (.py) is treated as the
module.

14. Some Python Modules are:-
datetime
1
webbrowser
2
OS
3
Tkinter
4
random
5

15. datetime
The datetime module supplies classes
manipulating dates and times. The datetime
module has many methods to return
information about the date object.

16. Example- Return the year and name of
weekday import datetime x =
datetime.datetime.now() print(x.year)
print(x.strftime("%A"))
Output-2021
Sunday
webbrowser

17. The webbrowser module includes functions to open
URLs in interactive browser applications. The module
includes a registry of available browsers, in case
multiple options are available on the system. It can also
be controlled with the BROWSER environment variable.

18. Example-
To open a page in the browser, we use
open() function. import webbrowser
webbrowser.open('http://docs.python.org/lib/module-
webbrowser.html')

19. OS
The OS module in Python provides
interacting with the operating system. OS comes under
Python’s standard utility modules. This module provides
a portable way of using operating system-dependent
functionality.
The *os* and *os.path* modules include many functions
to interact with the file system. Some functions are-

20. 1.os.remove() - os.remove() method in Python is used to
remove or delete a file path. This method can not remove
or delete a directory.
2. os.mkdir() - os.mkdir() method in Python is used to create a
directory named path with the specified numeric mode.
3. os.listdir()- os.listdir() method in Python is used to get
the list of all files

21. directories in the specified
directory. If we don’t specify any
directory, then list of files and
directories in the current directory
will be returned.
Tkinter
Tkinter is a graphical user interface (GUI)
module for Python, you can make desktop
and
working

22. apps with Python and can develop GUI
applications like calculator, login system,
text editor, etc.
Tkinter Widgets
Tkinter provides various controls, such as
buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI
application.

23. These controls are commonly called
widgets.
Important method of Tkinter
1. Tk(screenName=None, baseName=None,
className='Tk', useTk=1) :This method is
mainly used to create the main window.
2. The mainloop() Function:-
This method is used to start the
application.
event to

24. The mainloop() function is an infinite loop which
is used to run the application, it will waitfor
an occur and process the event as long as
the window is not closed.
Random
The random module is a built-in module
to generate the pseudo random
variables. It can be used to perform some
action randomly such as to get a random

25. number, selecting a random elements
from a list, shuffle elements randomly,
etc.
Method of Random
seed()- It initialize the random number
generator.

26. getstate()- It returns the current internal
state of the random number generator.
setstate()- It restores the internal state
of the random number generator.
Method of Random
choices()- It returns a list with a element
from the given sequence.

27. randint()- It returns a random number between the
given range.

28. For more presentation
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