This document provides documentation on the python-graph-lovestory library for working with graph databases in Python. It includes an overview of the Blueprints API, which allows using different graph databases with the same API, and examples of creating a graph and modeling a wiki with pages and revisions. It also demonstrates how to create vertices, edges, indexes and navigate the graph.
I am Bianca H. I am a C++ Homework Expert at cpphomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Masters in Programming from, the University of Nottingham, UK. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 7 years. I solve homework related to C++. Visit cpphomeworkhelp.com or email info@cpphomeworkhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with C++ Homework.
Markdown tutorial how to add markdown to rails app using redcarpet and codera...Katy Slemon
In this Markdown tutorial, we will add Markdown to Rails app using Redcarpet and Coderay gems. Clone the github repository and play around with the code.
I am Bianca H. I am a C++ Homework Expert at cpphomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Masters in Programming from, the University of Nottingham, UK. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 7 years. I solve homework related to C++. Visit cpphomeworkhelp.com or email info@cpphomeworkhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with C++ Homework.
Markdown tutorial how to add markdown to rails app using redcarpet and codera...Katy Slemon
In this Markdown tutorial, we will add Markdown to Rails app using Redcarpet and Coderay gems. Clone the github repository and play around with the code.
A Simple 3D Graphics Engine Written in Python and Allegrosnowfarthing
This document contains the source code of a graphics engine I wrote several years ago. The libraries have changed quite a bit since I first wrote it, and so I can sometimes get it to work, and sometimes I can\'t. For anyone who wishes to try to run the program as-is, good luck! It can also serve as a reference point for future work.
Getting Started with React, When You’re an Angular DeveloperFabrit Global
If you’re an Angular developer looking into expanding your stack with React, this presentation will come in handy! It is an insightful introduction to React in comparison with Angular, where you will find all the basic knowledge you need to get started.
We’ll deep-dive into tech details such as:
● Virtual DOM
● JSX
● Functional vs Class-Based Components
● State
● How to Style
● Requests
● Upgrading: Redux and Flux and more!
You can also check out the full article version here: https://blog.fabritglobal.com/product-development/getting-started-with-react-angular-developer/
Learn reactjs, how to code with example and general understanding thinkwikHetaxi patel
React js for beginners, learn react js with basic code setup and code examples with general understanding. beginners guide for basic react js programming with examples
This presentation provides a thorough introduction to Ruby on Rails and is particularly useful for individuals who are completely unfamiliar with Rails.
applet,applet life cycle,applet class,applet parameter,creating an executable applet,designing a web page:command section,head section,body section,applet tags,Graphics programming,Drawing polygons,drawing arcs,Drawing lines and rectangles
A Simple 3D Graphics Engine Written in Python and Allegrosnowfarthing
This document contains the source code of a graphics engine I wrote several years ago. The libraries have changed quite a bit since I first wrote it, and so I can sometimes get it to work, and sometimes I can\'t. For anyone who wishes to try to run the program as-is, good luck! It can also serve as a reference point for future work.
Getting Started with React, When You’re an Angular DeveloperFabrit Global
If you’re an Angular developer looking into expanding your stack with React, this presentation will come in handy! It is an insightful introduction to React in comparison with Angular, where you will find all the basic knowledge you need to get started.
We’ll deep-dive into tech details such as:
● Virtual DOM
● JSX
● Functional vs Class-Based Components
● State
● How to Style
● Requests
● Upgrading: Redux and Flux and more!
You can also check out the full article version here: https://blog.fabritglobal.com/product-development/getting-started-with-react-angular-developer/
Learn reactjs, how to code with example and general understanding thinkwikHetaxi patel
React js for beginners, learn react js with basic code setup and code examples with general understanding. beginners guide for basic react js programming with examples
This presentation provides a thorough introduction to Ruby on Rails and is particularly useful for individuals who are completely unfamiliar with Rails.
applet,applet life cycle,applet class,applet parameter,creating an executable applet,designing a web page:command section,head section,body section,applet tags,Graphics programming,Drawing polygons,drawing arcs,Drawing lines and rectangles
Representing financial reports on the semantic web a faithful translation f...Jie Bao
Jie Bao, Graham Rong, Xian Li, and Li Ding (2010). Representing Financial Reports on the Semantic Web - A Faithful Translation from XBRL to OWL. In The 4th International Web Rule Symposium (RuleML).
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
7. CHAPTER
ONE
WALKTHROUGH
There’s no direct to the matter of «Developping Web application using graph databases» tutorial instead you read the
following subject in order which introduce each library part of the stack each of which deal with specific matters and
as such complexities are introduced along way you discover the stack, so that you know all the good parts but also all
the bad parts before you start.
1.1 Blueprints
1.1.1 Kesako ?
Blueprints allows to use several graph database with the same API. It can be used to embed a graph database in your
Python program. If several process need to access the same database it’s not what you need. python-blueprints are
pyjnius powered bindings of Tinkerpop’s Java Blueprints.
1.1.2 Installation
There is no binary package for now so you may have some difficulties installing python-blueprints on Windows and
MacOS machines, but it’s possible.
Follow the cli dance:
mkvirtualenv --system-site-packages coolprojectname
pip install cython git+git://github.com/kivy/pyjnius.git blueprints
You are ready for some graph database awesomeness in Python.
1.1.3 Getting started with core API
The python-blueprints API is straightforward it’s basicly the Blueprints API in Python, if you know Neo4j’s python-
embedded the API is similar but not the same.
Create a graph
Creating a graph is just matter of knowing where to store the files and the backend you want to use, currently only
Neo4j and OrienDB are supported.
For the purpose of the tutorial, we will use /tmp/ as storage directory.
Using Neo4j:
3
8. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
from printemps.core import Graph
graph = Graph(’neo4j’, ’/tmp/’)
Getting OrientDB running is very similar:
from printemps.core import Graph
graph = Graph(’orientdb’, ’local:/tmp/’)
A Wiki model
The following is exactly the same for both OrientDB and Neo4j. In order to make easier for everybody to under-
stand how graphs works, we will model a wiki, while we introduce the base API of any graph databases used with
printemps.core.
A wiki will be a set of pages which have several revisions.
Create and modify edge and vertex
To create a vertex just call Graph.create_vertex() method inside a transaction:
with graph.transaction():
wiki = graph.create_vertex()
There is no Vertex.save() method nor Edge.save(), the elements are automatically persisted if the transaction
succeed.
If you want to know the identifier of the wiki in the database to store it somewhere or learn it by hearth, you can use
Vertex.id(), Edge.id() does the same for edges.
Both vertex and edge work like a dictionary, you can set and get properties, they are persisted if you do it inside a
transaction, I don’t know what happens outside transactions. Let’s give a name and description to our wiki vertex:
with graph.transaction():
wiki[’title’] = ’Printemps Wiki’
wiki[’description’] = ’My first graph based wiki’
Keys are always strings, values can be:
• strings
• integers
• list of strings
• list of integers
We will see later how it can be done, it’s very natural for Python programmers.
Now we will create a page, a page will be vertex too:
with graph.transaction():
frontpage = graph.create_vertex()
frontpage[’title’] = ’Welcome to Printemps Wiki’
The page needs to be linked to wiki as a part of, for that matter there is a method Graph.create_edge(start,
label, end) than can be used like this:
4 Chapter 1. Walkthrough
9. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
with graph.transaction():
partof = graph.edge(wiki, ’part of’, frontpage)
An edge has three important methods, that do actually nothing but return the value we are interested in, but since those
are not editable, you access them through methods:
• Edge.start() returns the vertex where the edge is starting, in the case of partof it’s wiki vertex
• Edge.end() returns the vertex where the edge is ending, in the case of partof it’s frontpage vertex
• Edge.label() returns the label of the edge, in the case of partof it’s the string ’part of’
In general, every object you think of is a vertex, but some times some «objects» are modeled as edges, those are links.
An object representing a link between two objects is an edge. If the link object involves more that two edges, then it
can be represented as an hyperedge.
Note: this is advanced topic you can skip it.
The idea behind the hyperedge is that a vertex can be linked to several other vertex using only one special edge the hy-
peredge, which means the edge starts with one vertex, and ends with several vertex. Here is an example representation
of an hyperedge:
1.1. Blueprints 5
10. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
This can be modeled in a graph using only vertices and simple edges with an intermediate vertex which serves as a
hub for serveral edges that will link to the end vertices of the hyperedge. Here is the pattern illustrated:
6 Chapter 1. Walkthrough
11. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
Hyperedges are not part of popular graphdbs as is, so you have to use the intermediate vertex pattern.
To sum up, link objects with more that two objects involved in the link are the exception among link objects and are
represented as vertex.
Navigation
Stay away with your motors, sails and emergency fire lighters, it’s just plain Python even though you can do it in boat
too, but this is not my issue at the present moment.
Before advancing any further, let’s sum up, we have a graph with two vertices, and one edge, it can be represented as
follow:
1.1. Blueprints 7
12. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
Because we like the wiki so much we know its identifier by hearth and stored it in a variable named
wiki_identifier, we can retrieve the wiki vertex like so:
wiki = graph.vertex(wiki_identifier)
Vertices have two kinds of edges:
• Vertex.incomings(): a generator yielding edges that ends at this vertex, currently there is none on wiki
• Vertex.outgoings(): a generator yielding edges that starts at this vertex, currently there is only one.
To retrieve the frontpage we can use next function of wiki.outgoings() to rertrieve the first and only edge as
first hop and navigate to the index using Edge.end() as second hop:
link = next(wiki.outgoings())
frontpage = link.end()
We got back our frontpage vertex back, Ulysse himself wouldn’t believe it, it’s not the same object though.
More vertices and more edges
What we have right now is only a wiki with a page and its title, but there is no content and no revisions. For that matter
we will use more edges and more vertex. Before the actual code which re-use all the above we will have a look at what
we are going to build:
8 Chapter 1. Walkthrough
13. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
This is one of the normalized graph that can be used to represent the wiki, every graph structure that solve this problem
has its strengths, this happens, I think, to be the simplest.
First let’s create a function that create a revision for a given page given a body text, if you followed the whole tutorial it
should be easy to understand, and even if you happen to be here by mistake, I think it semantically expressive enough
to be understood by any Python programmer:
def create_revision(graph, page, body):
with graph.transaction():
max_revision = 0
for link in page.outgoings()
max_revision = max(link[’revision’], max_revision)
new_revision = max_revision + 1
# create the vertex first
revision = graph.vertex()
revision[’body’] = body
# link the edge and annotate it
link = graph.edge(page, ’revised as’, revision)
link[’revision’] = new_revision
create_revision does the following:
1.1. Blueprints 9
14. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
1. Look for the highest revision in edges linked to page
2. Increment the revision number for the new page
3. Create the new revision
4. Link it to page with the proper revision property on the link vertex
A basic wiki would only need to fetch the last revision that’s what we do in the following fetch_last_revision
function:
def fetch_last_revision(graph, page):
max_revision = None
for link in page.outgoings()
new_revision = max(link[’revision’], max_revision)
if new_revision != max_revision:
max_revision = link.end()
return max_revision # if it returns None, the page is empty
That is all! Creating a page is very similar to this, so I won’t repeat the same code... Oh! I almost forgot about the list
of strings as property, the following function will add the tags passed as arguments which must be a list of strings, as
tags property of the last revision:
def add_tags(graph, page, *tags):
rev = fetch_last_revision(graph, page)
rev[’tags’] = tags
The basics are straightforward. Getting links working between pages is left as an exercices to the reader.
Index
GraphDBs have index, to create an index of vertex use the following code:
pages = graph.index.create(’pages’, graph.VERTEX)
To create an index of edges do this:
revisions = graph.index.create(’revisions’, graph.EDGE)
Then you can put vertex in an index using put(key, value, element):
pages.put(’page’, ’page’, page)
key and value parameters are not really interesting in the above example but an index can be that simple. You can
use key and value to have a fine-grained index of related elements, for instances, the following snipped builds an
index for revisions, properly separating minor, major revisions and sorting them by date of revisions:
revisions.put(’all’, ’today’, r2)
revisions.put(’all’, ’yesterday’, r1)
revisions.put(’all’, ’before’, r0)
revisions.put(’minor’, ’today’, r2)
revisions.put(’major’, ’yesterday’, r1)
revisions.put(’all’, ’before’, r0)
You can use Graph.index.get(name) to retrieve an index:
index = graph.index.get(’pages’)
To retrieve an index content, use Index.get, like this:
10 Chapter 1. Walkthrough
15. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
index = index.get(’pages’, ’pages’)
first_page = next(index)
That’s almost all the index API, for more please refer to the API documentation.
End
When you finished working with the database don’t forget to call Graph.close().
More
If you still struggle with the API here is it with more comments:
• from blueprints import Graph
– Graph(name, path) remember that name is lower case of the databases names and the path for Ori-
entDB is prepended with local:.
– Graph.transaction() is a contextmanager, thus used with with statement that starts a transaction,
elements are automatically saved and you must always do mutating operations in transaction.
– Graph.create_vertex() create a vertex in a transaction.
– Graph.create_edge(start, label, end) create an edge in a transaction starting at start
vertex, ending at end vertex with label as label. The tutorial doesn’t say much about labels, so I add
here that it’s a way to know which edge is which when they are several edges starting and ending at the
same vertices.
– Graph.vertex(id) and Graph.edge(id) the former retrieve the vertex with id as identifier and
the latter the edge.
– Graph.close() clean up your database after you finished work.
– Graph.edges() and Graph.vertices() were not presented because they IMO should not be used
outside debug in an application where speed matters.
• An element is a vertex or an edge, they both are usable as dict to get and set values but can only be mutated in a
transaction. Every element can be deleted with delete() method in a transaction.
• Vertex you don’t import Vertex class, you get it from Graph.vertex() or graph.get_vertex(id)
or hoping through Edge.end() or Edge.starts.
– Vertex.outgoings() is a generator over the edges that are starting from the current vertex, each edge
retrieved implied a hop.
– Vertex.incomings() is a generator over the edges that are ending in the current vertex, each edge
retrieved implied a hop.
• Edge similarly are not imported, they are created with Graph.edge(start, label, end)
retrieved with Graph.get_vertice(id) and via iteration of Vertex.outgoings() and
Vertex.incomings() generators.
– Vertex.start() retrieve starting vertex via a hop
– Vertex.end() retrieve ending vertex via a hop
– Vertex.label() retrieve the label associated with the edge.
• Similarly you don’t import the Index class, but create one using Graph.index.create(name,
ELEMENT) where ELEMENT should be one of Graph.EDGE or Graph.VERTEX or retrieve the index by
its name using Graph.index.get(name).
1.1. Blueprints 11
16. python-graph-lovestory Documentation, Release 0.99
– Index.put(key, value, element put element in the key, value namespace.
– Index.get(key, vallue) to retrieve the index content, this is a generator over the index content.
hops are a metric used to compute the complexity of a query.
1.1.4 Moar doc
blueprints Package
blueprints Package
edge Module
element Module
graph Module
index Module
java Module
vertex Module
Subpackages
12 Chapter 1. Walkthrough