The document is a presentation on punctuation submitted to Sir Atif Ghafoor by a group of 7 students. It defines and provides examples and rules for various punctuation marks including colon, semicolon, dashes, period, hyphen, parentheses, brackets, slashes, exclamation point, question mark and apostrophe. Each punctuation mark is discussed in detail by one of the group members on slides covering definition, correct usage and examples. The presentation serves to explain punctuation, discuss all forms of punctuation and their roles and uses with examples of both correct and incorrect forms.

2. PRESENTATION
(ENG 107)
SUBMITTED TO: SIR ATIF GHAFOOR

3. Group Members:
Usama Ahmad 20014198-004
M.Moiz Rashad 20014198-006
Usama Faisal 20014198-008
Samreen Zainab 20014198-012
Noor Mustafa 20014198-017
Bisma Tariq 20014198-024
Zain Khawar 20014198-038

4.  Explain Punctuation
 DISCUSS ALL FORM OF PUNTUATIONS
 Its roles/uses
 With examples correct or incorrect form
CONTENTS

5.  English_Grammar_by_wren_and_martin
 www.grammarbook.com
 Grammar.collinsdictionary.com
 englishsentences.com
REFERENCES

6.  DEFINE
 Symbols describing our feelings or emotion is called
Punctuation.
 They are very essential signs to understand a sentence in
correct way Source
PUNCTUATION
M. Moiz Rashad 006

7.  DEFINE
COLON is basic function is to introduce something. The
wording before the colon should introduce whatever follow.
One of the easiest forms of Punctuation.
 Examples: His success is attributed to one
thing: determination.
COLON :
M. Moiz Rashad 006

8. List or ideas
 incorrect : my favorite countries are: United States of America, Australia,
Germany and France.
 Correct: I have visited many countries: Australia, Thailand, Canada, News land
and Germany
 Explanations
 E.g. she had many reasons to read for a Bachelor Of Software Engineering : to get
Additional qualifications, to get a good job and to improve her knowledge
 Direct quotation
 E.g. he announced to his friends: “I will be going abroad ”.
Emphasis
 He had only one hobby: eating
COLON :
(RULES/USES)
M. Moiz Rashad 006

9.  DEFINE
 Use a semicolon between two complete sentences.
Each sentence on either side of the semicolon must be
complete with its own subject and verb.
 E.g. We have too many fumbles; we lost the game.
SEMICOLON ;

10.  Semicolons Connect Related Independent Clauses
E.g. Some Student write with a word processor; other write with a pen or
pencil.
 Delete the Conjunction When You Use a Semicolon
E.g. I saw a magnificent albatross; it was eating a mouse.
 Use Semicolons in transitional phrase
 E.g. Ali is not at home; therefore, his brother will attend the guest.
SEMICOLON ;
(RULES/USES)
M. Moiz Rashad 006

11.  DEFINE
 Dashes are used to separate groups of words, not to
separate parts of words like a hyphen does.
 Examples:
 Hyphen:
 Pre-medical
 Dash :
 There may be a landslide -you never know.
DASHES – —
Usama Faisal 008

12. TYPES OF DASHES
En Dashes – Em Dashes —
DASHES
TYPES
Usama Faisal 008

13. Size: N
 Range of numbers
E.g. Tonight, read page 23–57.
 Connections and conflicts
E.g. She travelled from America-Europe.
 Periods of time
E.g. The opening hours are 9:00am-3:00pm.
EN DESHES –
(RULES/USES)
Usama Faisal 008

14. Size: M
 Commas, Parentheses
E.g. Commas: you are the friend, the only friend, who offered to help me .
Parentheses: you are the friend (the only friend) who offered to help me .
Em Dashes: you are the friend-the only friend-who offered to help me .
 Colons
E.g. Colon: she is scared of two things: heights and spiders.
Em Dashes: she is scared of two things-heights and spiders.
 Semicolons
E.g. Semicolons: Do this; don’t do that.
Em Dashes: Do this — don’t do that.
 (but not always)
EM DASHES —
(USES)
Usama Faisal 008

15.  Define
 A Period (called a "full stop") is a Punctuation mark used:
At the end of a declarative sentence (i.e., a sentence that
makes statement).
 Examples:
 For example: Ali likes pies.
Period/FULL STOP .
Noor Mustafa 017

16.  Use a period at the end of a complete sentence that
is a statement.
 E.g. I know him well.
 If the last item in the sentence is an abbreviation that
ends in a period, do not follow it with another
period.
E.g. Incorrect: This is Alice Smith, M.D..
Correct: This is Alice Smith, M.D.
PERIOD .
RULES/USES
Noor Mustafa 017

17.  DEFINE
 a short line (-) used to connect the parts of a compound
word or the parts of a word divided for any purpose.
 Examples
 truck-driver.
 ice-cream.
 year-end.
 sign-in.
HYPHEN -
Noor Mustafa 017

18.  Hyphens are typically used when writing
 Compound modifiers
E.g. he is an awkward-looking guy.
 Compound nouns
E.g. this is a great set-up you’ve got here.
 Non-inclusive numbers
E.g. 867-5309
HYPHEN -
(RULES/USES)
Noor Mustafa 017

19.  DEFINE
 Parentheses show additional thoughts about a statement.
 Examples:
 The two brothers (Richard and Sean) were learning how
to play guitar.
 The are several books on the subject
(see page 140).
PARANTHESIS ()
Usama Ahmad 004

20.  To enclose information that clarifies or is used as an aside.
E.g. He gave me a nice bonus ($500).
 Periods go inside parentheses only if an entire sentence is inside the
parentheses
E.g. Please read the analysis. (You'll be amazed.)
 Take care to punctuate correctly when punctuation is required both
inside and outside parentheses.
E.g. You are late (aren't you?).
 Parentheses, despite appearances, are not part of the subject.
E.g. Joe (and his trusty mutt) was always welcome.
PARANTHESES ()
Rules
Usama Ahmad 004

21.  Define
 Square Brackets are used to enclose explanatory or
missing […] material, especially in quoted text.
 Examples:
 ‘I appreciate it [the offer], but I cannot accept it’
Square Brackets []
Zain Khawar 038

22.  To add clarification:
E.g. the witness said: “he [the policeman ] hit me”.
 To add missing words:
 E.g. it is [a] good question.
 To add editorial or authorial comment:
 E.g. They will not be present [my emphasis].
SQUARE BRACKETS []
RULES/USES
Zain Khawar 038

23.  DEFINE
 That usually indicates an international omission of a word,
sentences, or whole section from a text without altering
its original meaning but on other hand its also used for
division sign.
 Examples
 Each guest must present his or her ticket
prior to entry.
 Each guest must present his/her ticket prior
to entry.
SLASHES /
Samreen Zainab 012

24.  A slash is often used to indicate “or”:
E.g. please press your browser’s Refresh/Reload button. (Refresh
or Reload)
 Use a slash for fractions:
E.g. 2/3 (two thirds)
 Use a slash to indicate “per” in measurement of speed, prices etc.:
E.g. The speed limit is 100 km/h. (kilometers per hour)
 A slash is often used in dates to separate day, mouth and year:
E.g. One credit card: Expires end 10/15 (October 2015)
SLASHES /
RULES/USES
Samreen Zainab 012

25.  Define
 The exclamation mark (!) or exclamation point is a
punctuation mark used to express strong feelings or
emotions
 Examples
 “Stop!” ; “Sit down!”
 “Hey!” he shouted at the passerby.
EXCLAMATION !
Samreen Zainab 012

26.  Point to show emotion, emphasis, or surprise.
E.g. I'm truly shocked by your behavior!
 An exclamation point replaces a period at the end of a
sentence.
E.g. Incorrect: I'm truly shocked by your behavior!.
Correct: I'm truly shocked by your behavior!
EXCLAMATION !
RULES/USES
Samreen Zainab 012

27.  Define
 A question mark (?) is a punctuation symbol placed at
the end of a sentence or phrase to indicate a
direct question
 Examples
She asked, "Are you happy to be home?"
QUESTION MARK ?
Bisma Tariq 024

28.  Use a question mark only after a direct question.
Correct: Will you go with me?
Incorrect: I'm asking if you will go with me?
 A question mark replaces a period at the end of a sentence.
Incorrect: Will you go with me?.
Correct: Will you go with me? with Joe? with anyone?
 Avoid the common trap of using question marks with indirect
questions, which are statements that contain questions.
 Incorrect: I wonder if he would go with me?
Correct: I wonder if he would go with me.
QUESTION MARK ?
RULES/USES
Bisma Tariq 024

29.  Some sentences are statements—or demands—in
the form of a question..
E.g. Why don't you take a break.
Would you kids knock it off.
 Use a question mark when a sentence is half
statement and half question.
 E.g.: You do care, don't you?
QUESTION MARK ?
RULES/USES

30.  Define
 To create contractions, and to create the possessive
form of a noun
 Examples:
 Jan doesn’t want to do homework. →Contraction
(does+not)
I can’t go to the mall tonight.→ Contraction
(can+not)
APOSTROPHE
Bisma Tariq 024

31.  Use the apostrophe to show possession.
 E.g. I am going to my friend’s house.
 Never use an apostrophe to make a name plural.
 Incorrect: The Wilson's are here.
Correct: The Wilsons are here.
 If two people possess the same item, put the apostrophe + s after the second name only.
Incorrect: Mine and Maribel's home
Correct: Maribel's and my home
 In cases of separate rather than joint possession, use the possessive form for both.
 E.g. Richard's and Maribel's homes are both lovely.
 Use an apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is placed where a letter or letters
have been removed
 E.g. doesn't, it's, 'tis, can't, you'd, should've, rock 'n' roll, etc.
APOSTROPHE ’
RULES/USES
Bisma Tariq 024