The document discusses plagiarism and defines it as presenting another's ideas or work as one's own without proper citation or credit. It notes that NEOMED considers plagiarism a form of academic misconduct. The document also includes an infographic from Turnitin that outlines different types of plagiarism on a spectrum from copying word-for-word to properly citing sources but relying too closely on the original work.
4. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| DEFINING PLAGIARISM
To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s
own: use (another’s production) without crediting the source
To commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea
or product derived from an existing source
Plagiarize. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize. Accessed June 25, 2019.
Plagiarize (verb)
5. NEOMED has a Student Honor Code, under which
plagiarism is considered academic misconduct.
The Honor Code states “Plagiarism (intentional or
unintentional representation of ideas or works of
another author as a student’s own without
properly citing the source or the use of materials
prepared by another person; violations of
copyright laws).”
Penalties will range from remediation to expulsion.
The full Student Honor Code may be found at
http://www.neomed.edu/sa/professionalism/h
onor-code/
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| DEFINING PLAGIARISM
6. THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
The internet-based plagiarism detection
company, Turnitin, has created an easy-
to-understand infographic to explain the
various types of plagiarism.
The Plagiarism Spectrum. Turnitin. https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/ (accessed June 25, 2019).
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
7. SourceText
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a
special grip on the western mind, perceptions about
the Valley have evolved over time due to changing
politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
StudentText
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a
special grip on the western mind, perceptions about
the Valley have evolved over time due to changing
politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
Submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own.
CLONE|
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
8. SourceText
StudentText
The Beautiful Yosemite Valley
From the time of its first discovery by non-indigenous
people in the mid-nineteenth century
Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious,
possession on the American conscience
because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley
and one of the grandest of all special
temples of Nature. And Yosemite holds a special grip
on the western mind, while perceptions
about the Valley have evolved over time due to
changing politics, migration patterns and
environmental concern as man has become more
attuned to his relationship and impact or
nature.
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite
Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the
American conscience because its beauty
makes it an incomparable valley and one of the
grandest of all special temples of Nature. While
Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved
over time due to changing politics, migration patterns
and environmental concerns as man has
become more attuned to his relationship and impact
on nature.
Contains significant portions of text from a single source
without alterationsCTRL+C|
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
9. SourceText
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite
Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the
American conscience because its beauty
makes it an incomparable valley and one of the
grandest of all special temples of Nature. While
Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved
over time due to changing politics, migration patterns
and environmental concerns as man has
become more attuned to his relationship and impact
on nature.
StudentText
A Beautiful Setting in Yosemite
Since its first discovery by non-native people in the
mid-19th century Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even sacred, hold on the American psyche
because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite
holds a special grip on the western mindset,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved over
time due to changing political movements, migration
patterns and environmental issues as man
has become more attuned to their relationship and
impact on nature.
Changing key words and phrases but
retaining the essential content of the source.Find-Replace|
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
10. SourceText
StudentText
Paraphrases from multiple sources, made to fit together.
REMIX|
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite
Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the
American conscience because its beauty
makes it an incomparable valley and one of the
grandest of all special temples of Nature. While
Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved
over time due to changing politics, migration patterns
and environmental concerns as man has
become more attuned to his relationship and impact
on nature.
An Untouched View A History of Settlement and
Change in Yosemite Valley
The first non-natives to see Yosemite Valley were
probably members of the mid-nineteenth century
Joseph Walker Party, who crossed the Sierra Nevada
from East to West. The first descriptions of Yosemite
came almost 20 years later. From the start, the valley
has been renowned for its natural beauty, and highly
regarded as he center-piece of Yosemite National
Park, attracting visitors from around the world. While
Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time
due to changing politics, migration patterns and
environmental concerns as man has become more
attuned to their relationship and impact on nature.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
11. SourceText
StudentText
Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work
without citation.RECYCLE|
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite
Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the
American conscience because its beauty
makes it an incomparable valley and one of the
grandest of all special temples of Nature. While
Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved
over time due to changing politics, migration patterns
and environmental concerns as man has
become more attuned to his relationship and impact
on nature.
Ecology 201
An Unnatural Expectation: The Impact of Exploration
and Settlement in Yosemite Valley
From its first discovery by the Ahwahnechee in the
mid-nineteenth century Yosemite Valley has
held a unique, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite
holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions
about the Valley have evolved over time reflecting
changing politics, human migration patterns and the
rise of environmental concerns as man has become
more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
12. SourceText
StudentText
Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages
without citation.HYBRID|
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a
special grip on the western mind, perceptions about
the Valley have evolved over time due to changing
politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
A Natural Setting A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the
mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a
special, even religious, hold on the American conscience
because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and
one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. "Native
Americans have lived in the Yosemite region for as long as
8,000 years. The first people that we have record of was a
band of Native Americans that called the Valley "Ah-
wahnee“ and themselves the Ahwahnechee." While
Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due
to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
13. SourceText
StudentText
Mixes copied material from multiple sources.MASHUP|
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a
special grip on the western mind, perceptions about
the Valley have evolved over time due to changing
politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
A Natural Setting A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the
mid-nineteenth century Yosemite Valley has held a
special, even religious, hold on the American conscience.
The work of Ayres gave easterners an appreciation for
Yosemite Valley and started a move-ment to preserve it.
While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due
to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to their
relationship and impact on nature. The 1849 California Gold
Rush led to conflicts between miners and natives, and the
volunteer Mariposa Battalion was formed by the state of
California as a punitive expedition against natives in the
Yosemite area.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
14. SourceText
StudentText
Includes citations to non-existent or
inaccurate information about sources.404 ERROR|
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a
special grip on the western mind, perceptions about
the Valley have evolved over time due to changing
politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
Perceived Beauty: Man's Nature
Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley
"Since its first discovery by the Joseph Walker Party1 in the
mid-nineteenth century" "Yosemite Valley has held a
special, even religious, hold on the American conscience
because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and
one of the grandest of all 'special temples of Nature.’” 2
"While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due
to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to their
relationship and impact on nature.“3
1 For an insightful discussion of Walker's expedition, including an extended description of their first sight of
Yosemite Valley, see Walker's original piece in The Golden Times. May 5, 1833: p. 4. Print.
2 Bloom, H. "Aesthetics of the Found: The 'Nature' of the Natural." Aesthetics and the Found. November
2000: 18-22. Print.
3 Huang et al. "Politics, Policy, and the Environment." Nature and Society. 25.3 (1997) : 127-53. Print.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
15. SourceText
StudentText
Includes proper citation to sources, but
the paper contains almost no original
work.
AGGREGATOR|
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a
special grip on the western mind, perceptions about
the Valley have evolved over time due to changing
politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in
Yosemite Valley
Yosemite Valley was first sighted by non-Indians in 1833 by
Joseph Rutherford Walker and his group of explorers.
Yosemite has a long and diverse cultural history that
helped to shape the region, country, and even the world.
While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due
to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to their
relationship and impact on nature.
1 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting." Nature and its Discontents 23.1 (1996) : 41-50. Print.
2 "History of Yosemite," Yosemitegold.com Ace & Friends, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012.
http://www.yosemitegold.com/yosemite/history.html
3 "Yosemite National Park Cultural History," Yosemitepark.com DNC Parks and Resorts at Yosemite, Inc., n.d.
Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://www.yosemitepark.com/cultural-history.aspx
4 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting," p. 41.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
16. SourceText
StudentText
Includes proper citation to sources but relies too
closely to the text’s original wording and/or
structure.
RE-TWEET|
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and
Settlement in Yosemite Valley
Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in
the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held
a special, even religious, hold on the American
conscience because its beauty makes it an
incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all
special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a
special grip on the western mind, perceptions about
the Valley have evolved over time due to changing
politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to his
relationship and impact on nature.
A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in
Yosemite Valley
Yosemite Valley was first sighted by non-Indians in 1833 by
Joseph Rutherford Walker and his group of explorers.
Yosemite has a long and diverse cultural history that
helped to shape the region, country, and even the world.
While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind,
perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due
to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental
concerns as man has become more attuned to their
relationship and impact on nature.
1 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting." Nature and its Discontents 23.1 (1996) : 41-50. Print.
2 "History of Yosemite," Yosemitegold.com Ace & Friends, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012.
http://www.yosemitegold.com/yosemite/history.html
3 "Yosemite National Park Cultural History," Yosemitepark.com DNC Parks and Resorts at Yosemite, Inc., n.d.
Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://www.yosemitepark.com/cultural-history.aspx
4 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting," p. 41.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
18. PLAGIARISM CASES| WAKEFIELD
Dr. Andrew Wakefield
Dr. Andrew Wakefield published a highly
controversial article in a 1995 issue of the Lancet
linking the MMR vaccine to autism.
More information about the controversy can be
found HERE, HERE, & HERE.
Fallout from this article has continued to affect the
lives of individuals in the United States & world-wide.
He was found guilty of research dishonesty, had
publications related to the scandal retracted by the
journals, and barred from practicing medicine by
the UK General Medicine Council
1|
17+|
25|
Number of
articles retracted
Number of Measles
outbreaks in the United
States in 2019.
Number of peer-reviewed
articles published that
REFUTE the retracted paper.
19. PLAGIARISM CASES| POEHLMAN
Dr. Eric Poehlman
Dr. Poehlman falsified years' worth of scientific
study data, had it published, and was then
discovered.
More information about the controversy can be
found HERE, HERE, & HERE.
He was criminally prosecuted and may no longer
receive public grant money to do research.
Poehlman pleaded guilty to lying on a federal grant
application and admitted to fabricating more than
a decade’s worth of scientific data on
obesity, menopause and aging.
10|
$200K|
366|
Number of
articles retracted
Dollars paid in
restitution
Days spent in
Federal prison
20. PLAGIARISM CASES| OBOKATA
Haruko Obokata
2|
1|
4|
Number of
articles retracted
Colleague lost to suicide.
Careers ruined by the scandal
Haruko Obokata published two papers in Nature
magazine about her work on STAP cells, but
subsequently her results were unreproducible.
More information about the controversy can be
found HERE, HERE, & HERE.
She was stripped of her doctorate degree.
The New Yorker reported that, “in a section of her
thesis about the characteristics of stem cells,
Obokata had cut and pasted long passages from
the National Institutes of Health Web site” (Goodyear,
2016).
21. PLAGIARISM CASES| WANSINK
Brian Wansink
15|
220,000+|
12+|
Number of
articles retracted
Co-authors affected
by retractions
articles that
have cited his
retracted works.
Brian Wansink committed academic misconduct in
his “research and scholarship.
More information about the controversy can be
found HERE, HERE, & HERE.
Cornell University removed him from all research
and teaching duties, he subsequently resigned his
position.
He misreported research data, had problematic
statistical techniques, and failed to properly
document and preserve research results.
23. COMMON KNOWLEDGE|DEFINITION
Something that many or most people know
Common knowledge. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize. Accessed June 25, 2019.
common knowledge
(noun)
24. COMMON KNOWLEDGE| EXAMPLES
Examples of Common Knowledge
• Water freezes at 32 degrees
• 3 feet = 1 yard
• There 7 continents.
Information that Most people know
• Names of famous heroes
• Events of national importance
• Holidays
Information shared by a cultural or national group.
• Mechanics know the parts of a car
• Geologists know geological features of the Earth
Knowledge shared by members of a certain field
MIT (2019) What is common knowledge?. Retrieved from https://integrity.mit.edu/handbook/citing-your-sources/what-common-knowledge
25. COMMON KNOWLEDGE| IS IT COMMON KNOWLEDGE?
Common
knowledge
fits both the
quantity and
ubiquity tests.
QUANTITY: Can you find
the information in
numerous sources?
UBIQUITY: how likely is
the information known
by your audience?
If information is NOT well-
known by your peers, CITE
YOUR INFORMATION
26. COMMON KNOWLEDGE| SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE
Drug Dosages & Administration Methods
•Naproxen (325mg tablet) should be taken orally every 8-12 hours.
•Cardiac arrest and heart attack are different from each other.
Technical Names
•Gastroenteritis is the clinical name for the stomach flu.
•Acetaminophen is the generic name for Tylenol.
Test & Treatment Names
•An ECG is used to diagnose heart issues
•Coronary artery disease, tachycardia, bradycardia, etc.
Study Types
•Randomized controlled trial
•Case report & meta-analysis
DON’T CITE jargon
used in your field,
this is considered
common
knowledge.
28. SUMMARIZING & PARAPHRASING| DEFINITIONS
A summary is a short
synopsis of the
information provided
in the original source,
IN YOUR OWN
WORDS.
Paraphrasing is writing
your interpretation of
the author’s meaning.
The paraphrase is
nearly as long as the
original source.
SUMMARIZING PARAPHRASING
29. SUMMARIZING & PARAPHRASING| VIDEO TUTORIAL & VISUAL
TEXTSELECTION
LONG SELECTION OF TEXT
SUMMARIZE
Use your own words to retell using
fewer words than the original piece.
SHORT SELECTION OF TEXT
PARAPHRASE
Match the sources meaning in your
own words, usually about the same
length as the original piece.
SHORT & SPECIFIC SELECTION OF TEXT
QUOTE
Word-for-word match to the original
text, must use quotation marks .
VIDEO| Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting: A Guide to Doing it Right!
32. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| PLAGIARISM TUTORIALS
PLAGIARISM
TUTORIALS
HHS Office of Research
Integrity
• Avoiding Plagiarism, Self-
plagiarism, and other
Questionable Writing Practices:
A Guide to Ethical Writing
Fairfield University
• Academic Integrity Tutorial
Indiana University
• How to Recognize Plagiarism:
Tutorials and Tests
Rutgers University
• Plagiarism Module & Game
34. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| PLAGIARISM TUTORIALS
Reference Librarian
Office L215
srobins@neomed.edu
330.325.6378
Located on the second floor of Building “A” in
the Aneal Mohan Kohli Academic and
Information Technology Center.
library@neomed.edu
330.325.6600
NEOMED Library
Simon Robins
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| LIBRARY INFORMATION
35. Some template features used were created: By Showeet.com
Using PubMed: A Tutorial by Laura Levy is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based
on a work at https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/plagiarism
Fonts used in this presentation: Poppins, by Indian Type Foundry
& Cabin, by Pablo Impallari.
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AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| CREDITS
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