The document discusses the relationship between science and technology. It defines science as the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. Technology is defined as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. While science and technology are often used interchangeably, technology relies on scientific discoveries and applications. Certain fields like mechanical engineering rely less on science, while others like electrical engineering are deeply dependent on underlying scientific principles. Technology also impacts science by enabling new measurements and research on phenomena not previously accessible. Effective management of both science and technology is important to ensure their continued development and innovation.

1. The advent of science and technology has brought so many progresses in the life of today
and to the entire world. It is true that when there was no technology, our forefathers lived
their lives and enjoyed well. But, according to the argument between the technophiles and
the technophobes, the technophiles believe that the emergence of technology and
science has added much more values to the world of today.
But, what is Science and technology? Science is the intellectual and practical activity
encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and
natural world through observation and experiment (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,
Eleventh Edition). It is the examination of the understanding of the natural world.
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes (Oxford
Advanced Learners Dictionary). It is the use of the resources made available by nature to
procreate and make changes. The words “science” and “technology” are used
interchangeably. So, where there is science, technology can be used there are well. In
fact, without science there will be no technology and vice versa.
The relations between science and technology are complex and vary considerably with
the particular field of technology being discussed. For examples, in mechanical
technology, the contribution of science to technology is relatively weak and it is often
possible to make rather important inventions without a deep knowledge of the underlying
science. By contrast, electrical, chemical and nuclear technology are deeply dependent
on science, and most inventions are made only by people with considerable training in
science.
While the contributions of science to technology are widely understood and
acknowledged by both the public and scientists and engineers, the impact of technology
on science also equally importance. Technology has played an enormous role in making
it possible to measure natural phenomena that were not previously accessibe to research.
The revolutions of technology had huge impact in scientific studies where technology act
as a new source of unavailable intrumentation and techniques needed to address more
difficult scientific questions more effectively.
Therefore, the management of science and technology are deem important to
ensure the effectivenes of development in science and technology. Management Science

2. is concerned with developing and applying models and concepts that help to illuminate
management issues and solve managerial problems. The range of problems and issues
to which management science has contributed insights and solutions is vast. It includes
scheduling airlines, both planes and crew, deciding the appropriate place to site new
facilities such as a warehouse or factory, managing the flow of water from reservoirs,
identifying possible future development paths for parts of the telecommunications
industry, establishing the information needs and appropriate systems to supply them
within the health service, and identifying and understanding the strategies adopted by
companies for their information systems.
In contrast, Technology management is set of management concept, skills ,
techniques, practices and disciplines resulting in decison- making and implementation in
relation to the development and use of technology in science and untimately aimed at
succeeding in innovations. The new innovations in technology lead changes in scientific
studies and also in the society where we can see the changes easily adapted when being
exposed.