The document discusses technology and innovation. It defines technology as tools, machines, and knowledge used to solve problems or perform functions. Innovation is developing new solutions to meet needs. Recent technologies like printing, phones, and the internet have reduced barriers to global communication, though weapons have also grown more destructive. Science studies natural phenomena while engineering designs tools, and technology applies their results. Innovation sources include market changes, knowledge growth, and developing skills. The diffusion of innovations follows an S-curve as they establish popularity over time.

1. Technology and
Innovation
By: Jose Fung

2. Introduction
The human species' use of technology began with the
conversion of natural resources into simple tools.
The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control
fire increased the available sources of food and the
invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in
and controlling their environment.

3. What is technology?
Technology is the making, modification, usage, and
knowledge of tools, machines,
techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization,
in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting
solution to a problem, achieve a goal or perform a
specific function.

4. What is technology?
It can also refer to the collection of such
tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and
procedures. Technologies significantly affect human
as well as other animal species' ability to control and
adapt to their natural environments.

5. What is the meaning of the word?
The word technology comes from
Greek τεχνολογία (technología); from τέχνη (téchnē),
meaning "art, skill, craft", and -λογία (-logía), meaning
"study of-". The term can either be applied generally or
to specific areas: examples include construction
technology, medical technology, and information
technology.

7. Technological
Developments
Recent technological developments, including
the printing press, the telephone, and
the Internet, have lessened physical barriers
to communication and allowed humans to interact
freely on a global scale.

8. Technological
Developments
However, not all technology has been used for
peaceful purposes; the development of weapons of
ever-increasing destructive power has progressed
throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

9. Can the technologies solve real-world problems?
Technology can be most broadly defined as the
entities, both material and immaterial, created by the
application of mental and physical effort in order to
achieve some value. In this usage, technology refers
to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-
world problems.

10. Science, engineering and technology
The distinction between science, engineering and
technology is not always clear. Science is
the reasoned investigation or study of
phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles
among elements of the phenomenal world by
employing formal techniques such as the scientific
method. Technologies are not usually exclusively
products of science, because they have to satisfy
requirements such as utility, usability and safety.

11. Science, engineering and technology
Engineering is the goal-oriented process of designing
and making tools and systems to exploit natural
phenomena for practical human means, often (but
not always) using results and techniques from science.
The development of technology may draw upon
many fields of knowledge, including scientific,
engineering, mathematical, linguistic, and historical
knowledge, to achieve some practical result.

12. Science, engineering and technology
Technology is often a consequence of science and
engineering — although technology as a human
activity precedes the two fields. For example, science
might study the flow of electrons in electrical
conductors, by using already-existing tools and
knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then be
used by engineers to create new tools and
machines, such as semiconductors, computers, and
other forms of advanced technology. In this
sense, scientists and engineers may both be
considered technologists; the three fields are often
considered as one for the purposes of research and
reference.

13. What is Innovation?
Innovation is the development of new customers
value through solutions that meet new needs,
inarticulate needs, or old customer and market needs
in new ways. This is accomplished through different or
more
effective products, processes, services, technologies,
or ideas that are readily available
to markets, governments, and society.

15. Sources of innovation
There are several sources of innovation. According
to Peter F. Drucker the general sources of innovations
are different changes in industry structure, in market
structure, in local and global demographics, in human
perception, mood and meaning, in the amount of
already available scientific knowledge, etc.

16. Sources of innovation
Also, internet research, developing of people skills,
language development, cultural background, skype,
Facebook, etc. In the simplest linear model of
innovation the traditionally recognized source
is manufacturer innovation. This is where an agent
(person or business) innovates in order to sell the
innovation. Another source of innovation, only now
becoming widely recognized, is end-user innovation.
This is where an agent (person or company) develops
an innovation for their own (personal or in-house) use
because existing products do not meet their needs.

17. Sources of innovation
In addition, the famous robotics engineer Joseph F.
Engelberger asserts that innovations require only three
things:
1. A recognized need.
2. Competent people with relevant technology.
3. Financial support.

18. Diffusion
Once innovation occurs, innovations may be spread
from the innovator to other individuals and groups. This
process has been proposed that the life cycle of
innovations can be described using the 's-curve'
or diffusion curve. The s-curve maps growth of
revenue or productivity against time. In the early
stage of a particular innovation, growth is relatively
slow as the new product establishes itself.

19. Diffusion

20. Smartphones

22. Technology Power Users

24. Thanks…