This document discusses public science outreach projects. It describes past examples like Science City and festivals. It then details the From Earth to the Universe and From Earth to the Solar System projects, which involved distributing astronomy images and information in public spaces in over 70 countries. Preliminary analysis of engagement at four sites found they attracted both intentional and incidental visitors. A new project, Here, There, and Everywhere, compares natural phenomena on Earth with those in space using analogies and will launch exhibits in public libraries and malls. The document concludes with information about the authors and related resources.
Public Science: Taking Astronomy to the PeopleKim Arcand
Public Science: science outreach that has been conducted outdoors or in another type of public or accessible space such as a public park, metro stop, library etc. with the intention of engaging the public
Public Science: Taking Astronomy to the PeopleKim Arcand
Public Science: science outreach that has been conducted outdoors or in another type of public or accessible space such as a public park, metro stop, library etc. with the intention of engaging the public
This year is declared as The International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009) by UN and is a global celebration of astronomy and its contributions to society and culture and also marks the 400th anniversary of the first use of an astronomical telescope by Galileo Galilei. The aim of the Year is to stimulate worldwide interest, especially among young people, in astronomy and science under the central theme "The Universe, Yours to Discover". IYA2009 events and activities will promote a greater appreciation of the inspirational aspects of astronomy that embody an invaluable shared resource for all nations.
Here, There, & Everywhere: Public Science Through AnalogyKim Arcand
Here, There, and Everywhere (HTE) is a NASA-funded program that consists of a series of exhibitions, posters, and supporting hands-on activities that utilize analogies in the teaching of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) to provide multi-generational and family-friendly content in English and Spanish for community centers, libraries, schools, and under-resourced or small science centers. The purpose of the program is to connect cross-cutting content -- in Earth, atmospheric, planetary sciences and astrophysics -- with everyday phenomena, helping to demonstrate that what happens here (in our daily lives), happens there (on a planetary scale), and happens everywhere (across the Universe). The HTE program utilizes multimodal content delivery (physical exhibits and handouts, interpretive stations, facilitated activities for educators as well as online materials) hosted by locations for informal science learning as identified by previous partnerships as well as through advertisement of opportunities.
The use of metaphors in teaching and learning has a long-standing history. Metaphors can be an effective way to make something new seem less daunting, by comparing it with something more familiar. This technique of equating different or disparate things to one another can help complex concepts become more understandable and accessible. It is the power of the metaphor that we seek to discuss in this proposed article. We explore a recent public science project from the Chandra X-ray Center called “Here, There and Everywhere” that attempts to utilize analogy in effective science communication, as well as what dangers might exist in the use of metaphor and analogy. We also look to other areas where metaphors may be useful to implement in astronomy communications, such as for upcoming programs including the International Year of Light 2015.
Public Science: Astronomy in Everyday SituationsKim Arcand
Akin to public art, public science can be defined as “science outreach that has been conducted outdoors or in another type of public or accessible space such as a public park, metro stop, library etc.
NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory Education, Public Engagement & Communication...Kim Arcand
The overarching goal of Chandra's multi-faceted education, public engagement and communications program (aka Education and Public Outreach, or EPO) is to provide open access and multiple opportunities to learn about the cutting-edge science results. Chandra EPO develops educational products and activities that share discoveries about the high-energy Universe in context with some of the largest questions being asked in physical sciences today. Our efforts are targeted at diverse audi-ences, engaging the imaginations of students, teachers and other audiences, and increasing learning opportunities. The starting point for all Chandra EPO is utilizing established working relationships with scientists. Once our products and activities are developed with expert input, we partner with or-ganizations such as the National Science Olympiad, the 4-H, the NASA Museum Alliance and the American Library Association, among others, to leverage external distribution networks for national impact. Enabling and sustaining a network of “volunpeers” empowered to organize science education events in their communities further strengthens the reach of educational science materials. We summa-rize a sample of our synthesized suite of programs in informal and formal education that communicate the compelling topics that the high-energy Universe can reveal, as well as provide an overview of the guiding research and specific evaluation results.
This year is declared as The International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009) by UN and is a global celebration of astronomy and its contributions to society and culture and also marks the 400th anniversary of the first use of an astronomical telescope by Galileo Galilei. The aim of the Year is to stimulate worldwide interest, especially among young people, in astronomy and science under the central theme "The Universe, Yours to Discover". IYA2009 events and activities will promote a greater appreciation of the inspirational aspects of astronomy that embody an invaluable shared resource for all nations.
Here, There, & Everywhere: Public Science Through AnalogyKim Arcand
Here, There, and Everywhere (HTE) is a NASA-funded program that consists of a series of exhibitions, posters, and supporting hands-on activities that utilize analogies in the teaching of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) to provide multi-generational and family-friendly content in English and Spanish for community centers, libraries, schools, and under-resourced or small science centers. The purpose of the program is to connect cross-cutting content -- in Earth, atmospheric, planetary sciences and astrophysics -- with everyday phenomena, helping to demonstrate that what happens here (in our daily lives), happens there (on a planetary scale), and happens everywhere (across the Universe). The HTE program utilizes multimodal content delivery (physical exhibits and handouts, interpretive stations, facilitated activities for educators as well as online materials) hosted by locations for informal science learning as identified by previous partnerships as well as through advertisement of opportunities.
The use of metaphors in teaching and learning has a long-standing history. Metaphors can be an effective way to make something new seem less daunting, by comparing it with something more familiar. This technique of equating different or disparate things to one another can help complex concepts become more understandable and accessible. It is the power of the metaphor that we seek to discuss in this proposed article. We explore a recent public science project from the Chandra X-ray Center called “Here, There and Everywhere” that attempts to utilize analogy in effective science communication, as well as what dangers might exist in the use of metaphor and analogy. We also look to other areas where metaphors may be useful to implement in astronomy communications, such as for upcoming programs including the International Year of Light 2015.
Public Science: Astronomy in Everyday SituationsKim Arcand
Akin to public art, public science can be defined as “science outreach that has been conducted outdoors or in another type of public or accessible space such as a public park, metro stop, library etc.
NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory Education, Public Engagement & Communication...Kim Arcand
The overarching goal of Chandra's multi-faceted education, public engagement and communications program (aka Education and Public Outreach, or EPO) is to provide open access and multiple opportunities to learn about the cutting-edge science results. Chandra EPO develops educational products and activities that share discoveries about the high-energy Universe in context with some of the largest questions being asked in physical sciences today. Our efforts are targeted at diverse audi-ences, engaging the imaginations of students, teachers and other audiences, and increasing learning opportunities. The starting point for all Chandra EPO is utilizing established working relationships with scientists. Once our products and activities are developed with expert input, we partner with or-ganizations such as the National Science Olympiad, the 4-H, the NASA Museum Alliance and the American Library Association, among others, to leverage external distribution networks for national impact. Enabling and sustaining a network of “volunpeers” empowered to organize science education events in their communities further strengthens the reach of educational science materials. We summa-rize a sample of our synthesized suite of programs in informal and formal education that communicate the compelling topics that the high-energy Universe can reveal, as well as provide an overview of the guiding research and specific evaluation results.
All Hands on Deck - Getting Visitors Involved in the Work of the Museum (AAM ...sloverlinett
It’s the age of participatory engagement, and the crowd is making vital contributions in areas where only experts used to tread. How can museums harness their visitors’ collective skills and intelligence, not just to make exhibits and programs more engaging but also to help carry out the museum’s scientific, historical, aesthetic, or environmental work? In this panel, we looked at how three science-themed institutions are approaching this new frontier and what the future holds in three state-of-the-art facilities now on the drawing boards: a new learning space at the National Museum of Natural History; a redesigned visitor center at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida; and the new Nature Research Center at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. In the q&a, we debated the whys and hows of bringing citizen science inside the museum and inviting visitors to lend their hands, eyes, and minds to the cause.
IOA Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 - Tokyo
Saturday 13 December 2014 (2-5pm) @ Cosmos Building, NAOJ Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Galaxy Forum returns to the Land of the Rising Sun, one of the world's 6 major space faring powers, Japan. ILOA collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ, to advance Galaxy 21st Century Education continues this year at the Cosmos Building kindly provided by NAOJ at the Mitaka Campus.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
As a result of technological development of the second half of the twentieth century, Astronomy suffers big change in its methods that it makes its appearance of observation science to become also a new experimental science, where they appear numerous branches. The advancement of knowledge in Astronomy enabled to establish conjectures about the origin of the Universe that would have arisen through the Big Bang, to identify the existence of a massive black hole in the center of the Milky Way, the discovery of water on Mars, Pluto's demotion to dwarf planet, the existence of exoplanets similar to Earth outside the solar system and the discovery of matter and dark energy in the Universe.
Ecsite 2012 - Science Centers and Planetaria as Citizen Science Platformsunawe
The latest developments in technology are changing the way we handle and process scientific data. A vast number of people make use of online mediums like Wikipedia, facebook, twitter etc, which allow fast and easy access to all kinds of scientific information. As a lot of scientific databases are nowadays available online, the scientists are no longer the main information gatekeepers.
Making use of this data and media for education and dissemination of science is a key challenge for science centres in the near future.
Circling one star among hundreds of billions, in one galaxy among a hundred billion more, in a Universe that is vast and expanding ever faster – perhaps toward infinity. It’s easy to forget that we live in a place of astonishing grandeur and mystery.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
ILOA Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia 2014 - Steve Durst, ILOAILOAHawaii
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to advance human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon, and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Brazil, Chile, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica in 2014. For more information visit www.iloa.org.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2015 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
International Lunar Observatory-1: Making Moon South Pole Astronomy and Communications a Reality – Steve Durst, Founding Director, International Lunar Observatory Association, Editor and Publisher of Space Age Publishing Co.
ILO-1 Moon South Pole: A new frontier as exciting and enriching as Humans on Mars or trillion dollar asteroids, and much closer in space and time.
Pursuing a series of Moon-based observatory missions to complement Earth-based and Space-based astronomy, ILOA seeks to advance Galaxy Imaging for 21st century astronomy education with its ILO-1 primary mission 2-meter radio antenna to Malapert Mt. 86°S 2.7°E near the Moon’s South Pole, with an ILO-X precursor mission aboard a GLXP lander, and with a Human Service Mission to the ILO-1 / robotic village new world frontier.
ILOA is also collaborating with the National Astronomical Observatories – Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) at Mare Imbrium 44°N 20°W aboard the China Chang’e-3 Moon Lander, the first spacecraft to land on the Moon in almost 40 years and the only spacecraft operating on the lunar surface. Conducting science-driven and education-based Astronomy from the Moon via LUT is a foundational success of international cooperation on which the ILOA intends to build.
More than 40 years since the Far Ultraviolet Camera / Spectrograph operated on the Descartes Highlands by NASA Apollo 16 Commander and ILOA Board of Director Emeritus John Young in April 1972, ILOA is drawing together resources from across the planet to reclaim the cosmic revolution of Humanity as a Multi World Species.
The 7th Edition of ILOA’s stellar “Galaxy Map” is now being distributed to high school teachers and other educators around the world, designed for use in every class with maps of the world and Solar System.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2015 -- Steve Durst ILOAHawaii
International Lunar Observatory-1: Making Moon South Pole Astronomy and Communications a Reality – Steve Durst, Founding Director, International Lunar Observatory Association, Editor and Publisher of Space Age Publishing Co.
ILO-1 Moon South Pole: A new frontier as exciting and enriching as Humans on Mars or trillion dollar asteroids, and much closer in space and time.
Pursuing a series of Moon-based observatory missions to complement Earth-based and Space-based astronomy, ILOA seeks to advance Galaxy Imaging for 21st century astronomy education with its ILO-1 primary mission 2-meter radio antenna to Malapert Mt. 86°S 2.7°E near the Moon’s South Pole, with an ILO-X precursor mission aboard a GLXP lander, and with a Human Service Mission to the ILO-1 / robotic village new world frontier.
ILOA is also collaborating with the National Astronomical Observatories – Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) at Mare Imbrium 44°N 20°W aboard the China Chang’e-3 Moon Lander, the first spacecraft to land on the Moon in almost 40 years and the only spacecraft operating on the lunar surface. Conducting science-driven and education-based Astronomy from the Moon via LUT is a foundational success of international cooperation on which the ILOA intends to build.
More than 40 years since the Far Ultraviolet Camera / Spectrograph operated on the Descartes Highlands by NASA Apollo 16 Commander and ILOA Board of Director Emeritus John Young in April 1972, ILOA is drawing together resources from across the planet to reclaim the cosmic revolution of Humanity as a Multi World Species.
The 7th Edition of ILOA’s stellar “Galaxy Map” is now being distributed to high school teachers and other educators around the world, designed for use in every class with maps of the world and Solar System
Examining perceptions of astronomy images across mobile platformsKim Arcand
In a recent Aesthetics & Astronomy study, an online survey and focus groups were used to explore whether mobile platforms affect perception of astronomy images. In the online study, participants on their mobile devices were randomly assigned to view astronomy images. Two focus groups were also conducted with experts and non-expert volunteers. Both groups were presented with deep space images across platforms- a large projection screen, an iPad, and an iPhone. Although this was part of a larger study, we report here just on the mobile platform. Results indicated that there was support for Smith & Smith's 2001 concept of facsimile accommodation in that, as might be expected, bigger was better except in the absence of a comparison, where participants adapted to the platform size. The results raise questions as to both size and quality of images on mobile platforms in a rapidly changing technological world.
Through The Lens: Examples of Micro and Macro Representations in the 17th an...Kim Arcand
Can historical scientific representations of data, and the visual arguments they offer, help inform modern day issues of image and meaning? In this presentation, I consider Robert Hooke’s microscopic portrayals from Micrographia as compared with modern astronomical representations from NASA’s fleet of space-based telescopes.
A leaf falls from a tree, dancing in a breeze as it floats to the ground. In the playground across the street, laughing children tighten their grips to hold themselves on the merry-go-round. Back in the kitchen, a metal lid rattles under the pressure of steam escaping from the tea kettle below. Our daily experiences reveal much about how our world works. Thinking about everyday examples from the world around us helps form our basic understanding of physics.
Presented at the SkyScrapers meeting on March 1, 2013 in Scituate, RI, these slides look at how astronomical data are processed/colored and what implications those colors might have.
Processing Color in Astronomical ImageryKim Arcand
Astronomical data translate into a powerful form of imagery for the public. Cosmic images provide an opportunity for us to consider some of the largest philosophical questions facing the human race - where do we come from, and where are we going?
Processing Color in Astronomical Imagery: Pixels, Power and the Public Kim Arcand
What are the ethical issues involved in the processing –specifically colorizing- of astronomical data, how do non-experts perceive this imagery, and does the public understand the choices made in the representation of the data?
Distributed curation and global to local methodology Kim Arcand
Investigating distributed curation and global-to-local methodologies in the From Earth to the Universe project. Adapted from a presentation for Brown Univ. on November 17, 2010.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
1. PUBLIC SCIENCE
From Earth to the Solar System
Kimberly Kowal Arcand
& Megan Watzke
Chandra X-ray Center/Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Cambridge, MA USA
September 26, 2012 in Madrid, Spain
2. Public art
“ artwork that has been planned and executed with the
specific intention of being sited or staged in the physical
public domain, usually outside and accessible to all.”
Below: The Gates by Christo and Jean-Claude; Big Yellow Rabbit by Florentijn Hofman; Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoo
3. Equivalent for science? Public science =
“science outreach that has been conducted
outdoors or in another type of public or
accessible space such as a public park, metro
stop, library etc. with the intention of engaging
the public.”
4. Past examples include:
• Science City (New York: 1994-1995)
• Science on the Buses (UK, Canada, others)
• Science Festivals:
– Long tradition of these in European & other countries.
– US catching on: USA Science & Engineering Festival,
World Science Festival, etc.
5. From Earth to the Universe (FETTU)
– www.fromearthtotheuniverse.org
– IYA 2009 cornerstone project
– Unique model for astronomy outreach:
• Distributed Curation
• Global to Local Methodology
6. FETTU results were inspiring:
over 1000 locations in over 70 countries
(text translated into over 40 languages.)
Images courtesy of the From Earth to the Universe project
7. From Earth to the Solar System (FETTSS)
– A collection of 90 images that cover astronomy,
astrobiology, and planetary science
– ~100 FETTSS sites worldwide
– http://fettss.arc.nasa.gov/ for the locations map,
event photos, free materials.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. • Researching in FETTSS & beyond
– Who are we attracting in these – Do participants follow up
“everyday situations”? with local science center,
• More incidental visitors than library or other resources?
intentional visitors with public
– Is there any reshaping of the
science?
participant’s identity (or non-
• Less-science-initiated audience identity) with science through
than science public science?
centers/planetariums?
22. • *Preliminary* data analysis of 4 sites (out of 7) so far:
– Corpus Christi, Texas: Mall (CC)
– National Air and Space Museum, Washington DC:
Outside on the National Mall (NASM)
– Central Florida University: Campus Library (CFU)
– Kansas City, Missouri: Union Station train station (KC)
23. • Simultaneously, continuing research on public understanding
of astronomy images with Aesthetics & Astronomy project.
– Papers/articles at http://astroart.cfa.harvard.edu/
• Latest data analysis includes evidence for understanding the
effectiveness of an astronomy exhibition in terms of gauging
how much visitors have learned; what type of story format
may be best for engaging the visitor/participant learning; and
what type of platform may be best for implementation.
– To be submitted, Curator
24. New project: Here, There, & Everywhere (HTE)
– Compares phenomena on Earth to those in space
– Capitalize on eye-catching visuals (FETTU/FETTSS)
with the power of analogy in public spaces (libraries,
malls, etc.)
– First exhibits launched in September 2012
25. Light That Does Not Pass
You are relaxing with a book on a nice sunny day when a friend
leans over your shoulder and the page goes dark. “Hey, you’re
blocking my light!” It is a familiar experience. Any time an object
blocks the light from another source, it forms a shadow.
26. Where the Wind Blows
Winds can move particles from one place to another. On Earth,
winds can blow briefly during a storm, and over long time scales,
as in the jet stream. Winds have also been detected over long
time scales, as in the jet stream. Winds have also been detected
on other planets, in the space between stars, and in galaxies.
27. ZAP!
You shuffle along a carpet, reach out to touch a doorknob and—
zap!—a sudden flow of current, or electric discharge, gives you a
mild shock. The cause? Friction between your feet and the carpet
built up negative electric charge on your body. Electric discharges
can occur wherever there is a large build-up of electric charge,
and can create spectacular displays of sudden energy release on
Earth and in space.
28. Atomic Light Show
Atoms, the building blocks of matter, are constantly in motion,
moving around at speeds that are thousands of miles per hour at
room temperatures, and millions of miles per hour behind a
supernova shock wave. In a collision of an atom with another
atom, or with a free-roaming electron, energy can be transferred
to the atom. This extra energy can then be released in the form
of a light wave.
29. Bent Light
What happens when light is bent? When light passes from one
type of material to another, its path can be bent and the original
image is distorted. Environments from eyeglasses to massive
galaxies can cause lensing to take place.
Because what happens here, happens there, happens everywhere.
http://hte.si.edu/light
30. Public science on Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_science
Arcand, K.K., Watzke, M., “Creating Public Science with the
From Earth to the Universe Project” Science Communication.
Vol 33(3) 398–407, Sept. 2011.
kkowal@cfa.harvard.edu
Twitter: @kimberlykowal
http://yourtickettotheuniverse.com
Editor's Notes
Public art is defined by wikipedia as “ artwork that has been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited or staged in the physical public domain, usually outside and accessible to all.” Some of the most famous examples around the world include The Gates by Christo and Jean-Claude; Big Yellow Rabbit by Florentijn Hofman; Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoo
We posit an equivalent for science: Public science = “ science outreach that has been conducted outdoors or in another type of public or accessible space such as a public park, metro stop, library etc. with the intention of engaging the public.”
Using this definition, we can go back and identify many projects that could arguably be considered public science. Here are some of our favorites. Science City: ran from June 1994 through May 1995. Created by organizers from the New York Hall of Science, "Science City" was an outdoor exhibition that utilized the street, fences, buildings and other public structures in New York City to attract the "non-museum-going" public to the science in everyday life; For Science on the Buses, city buses were decorated with large informational science posters inside or outside, taking science concepts outside museum and planetarium walls; Other sci festivals include San Diego, Philadelphia, SF
FETTU was an image exhibition project created for IIYA2009. It was grassroots project that created a digital repository of astronomical images that local organizers were then encouraged to use to make their own exhibits. Unique model for astronomy outreach: Distributed Curation Global to Local Methodology
Chicago and Atlanta airports: millions of people saw the images – they are still there. Scores of versions of FETTU in Brazil. In China, featured outside the Beijing Planetarium.
Test the sustainability of such a model with FETTSS Collaboration with our group (CXC/SAO) and NASA ’s Astrobiology Institute FETTSS is tied to NASA ’s Year of the Solar System that ran from October 2010 through August 2012. An exhibit in spain occurred in 2011: Portal de La Marina commercial centre in Ondara Spain and about 100 other sites world wide
RECORDS OF ANCIENT LIFE: For about 85% of the history of life on Earth, only microbes existed. The only large-scale evidence of their activities is preserved by stromatolites, ancient structural records of life on Earth which hold evidence both of the biology of the microbial mat communities that created them, and the nature of the environments in which they grew. They are rocky, dome-shaped structures formed in shallow water through the trapping of sedimentary grains by communities of microorganisms. When too much material becomes trapped in the mats and limits the amount of sunlight that can filter through, the organisms migrate up and form a new community on top of the old. Stromatolites are mostly found in lakes and marine lagoons where extreme conditions such as high saline levels prevent animals from grazing. One such location is the Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve in Shark Bay, Western Australia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site where living specimens are preserved today. Image Credit: Mark Boyle
EXTREME COLOR: What is causing the beautiful colors in this hot spring in Yellowstone National Park? Life, that’s what! Many microorganisms live in the pools there, and because the temperatures of the springs are so hot (most are well over 100˚F), they are called extremophiles (extreme-loving). They contain molecules that absorb the damaging rays of the Sun, protecting their DNA. Those same molecules are also pigments that cause the different colors we see. Different extremophiles thrive in different temperatures, so the color of a particular area is determined by which organisms are living in it. A veritable rainbow appears as the water temperature decreases as it flows further and further away from its superheated source. Image Credit: Darren Edwards
THE LIGHT SHOW OF A LIFETIME: For many who have seen it, the Aurora Borealis is a spectacle to remember. Aurorae are caused by currents of energetic charged particles in Earth's magnetosphere flowing through the upper atmosphere. The interaction of the solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere drives these currents. The more active the Sun, especially during the peak of its 11-year solar cycle, the more charged particles flow to Earth’s magnetic poles. These charged particles eventually collide with gas molecules in the upper atmosphere, causing them to ionize and emit colored light. Since the next solar maximum will occur in May, 2013, more of these gorgeous light shows can be expected, perhaps even at lower latitudes. Image Credit: Pekka Parviainen/Science Photo Library
SPECIAL DELIVERY? Would there be life on Earth without comets? There is increasing evidence that both water and organic (carbon-containing) molecules, both needed for life to form, were partially delivered to the early Earth by comets. Comets are enriched with water ice. Studies of comet Halley in 1986 revealed it to be some of the most organic-rich material ever measured in the Solar System, NASA’s 2004 Stardust Mission to Comet Wild 2 found a range of complex hydrocarbon molecules, and NASA’s 2005 Deep Impact mission to Comet Tempel 1 discovered a mixture of organic and clay particles. Scientists think comet impacts and deliveries were a common occurrence in the early Solar System, but still question if Earth’s water was incorporated as it formed, or was a result of cometary impacts after formation was complete. Image Credit: Dan Schechter
A LUNAR ECLIPSE: Why does the Moon have a reddish hue in these images? It's the same reason that the Sun appears reddish during a sunset: scattered light. In a lunar eclipse, the Earth is situated directly between the Sun and the Moon. Sunlight reaching the Moon travels a path through dense layers of Earth's atmosphere. Atmospheric particles preferentially scatter out shorter (bluer) wavelengths leaving only the longer (redder) wavelengths to refract (bend) through the atmosphere and illuminate the Moon. Image Credit: Akira Fujii/Ciel et Espace
TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE: A total solar eclipse is a natural phenomenon that happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth in just the right alignment, blocking the light from the Sun to certain places on Earth. Some people, often called “eclipse chasers,” will travel to virtually any spot on the globe to experience a solar eclipse. Totality, as shown in this montage of two separate photographs, is when the shadow of the Moon blocks the entire disk of the Sun, leaving only its outer layer (corona) visible. This solar eclipse was photographed from Turkey in March, 2006. Image Credit:Laurent Laveder/Science Photo Library
SPACE WEATHER: What is a storm on the Sun like? Most of the time when we talk about “the weather,” we are referring to the state of Earth’s atmosphere that gives us rain, wind, and temperature changes. The “space weather” produced by the Sun extends deep into the Solar System. It drives some of the greatest changes in our local space environment—affecting our magnetosphere, ionosphere, atmosphere, and potentially our climate. The Sun contains very powerful magnetic fields and they can become twisted and tangled, storing enormous amounts of energy. When the Sun becomes stormy, all that pent-up energy erupts in the form of the Solar System's largest explosions: solar flares and coronal mass ejections. These blasts of light and charged gas rip through the solar wind and sometimes impact the bodies of the Solar System. Luckily, Earth’s magnetosphere acts as a shield, and its atmosphere absorbs the dangerous radiation, protecting us. Image Credit: NASA/SDO
DUNES AT THE MARTIAN NORTH POLE: A sea of dunes, sculpted by the wind into long lines, surrounds the northern polar cap of Mars, covering an area as big as Texas. In this false-color image, areas with cooler temperatures are recorded in blue tints, while warmer features are depicted in yellows and oranges. This scene combines images taken between 2002—2004 by the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) instrument onboard NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter. In December, 2010, Mars Odyssey became the longest-serving spacecraft at the Red Planet. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University, Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)
ON THE EDGE: This spectacular image taken from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft shows Victoria Crater, an impact crater near the equator of Mars where hematite mineral deposits suggest Mars had a wet past. Layered sedimentary rocks are exposed along the inner wall of the crater, and the floor of the crater is occupied by a striking field of sand dunes. With the “Follow the Water” mantra, NASA’s twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have been operating on the surface of Mars in search of answers about the history of water on the Red Planet since 2004 (unfortunately, Spirit has been quiet since 2010). Five days before this image was taken in September, 2006, the ‘Opportunity’ rover arrived at the rim of Victoria Crater, after a drive of more than 9km! It explored within the crater, staying at the site for about a year. The rover can actually be seen in this image as a small dot at the ‘ten o'clock’ position along the crater rim. Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/Science Photo Library
A MINI-SOLAR SYSTEM: Jupiter, the most massive planet in our Solar System—with over 50 known moons and an enormous magnetic field—forms a kind of miniature solar system. Jupiter resembles a star in composition, but it never grew big enough to ignite. Several of its moons are of interest to astrobiologists searching for life elsewhere in the Solar System. This image of Jupiter has been color-coded to show cloud height from high altitude (white) through mid-range (blue) to low altitude (red). NASA's Juno mission, launching in August, 2011 and arriving at Jupiter in July, 2016, will map the gravity field, magnetic field, and atmospheric structure of Jupiter, and provide key insights to enhance current theories about the early formation of our Solar System. Image Credit: Travis Rector (U. Alaska, Anchorage), Chad Trujillo and the Gemini Altair Team, NOAO/AURA/NSF
YIN AND YANG: Iapetus has been called the ‘yin and yang’ of Saturn’s moons because the surface of one of its hemispheres is dark, about as reflective as coal, while the other is much brighter. In many places, the dark material—thought to be composed of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds called cyanides, hydrated minerals, and other carbonaceous minerals—appears to coat equator-facing slopes and crater floors. This hemisphere of Iapetus appears heavily cratered, particularly in the north and south polar regions. The most prominent topographic feature is a 450km-wide impact basin, one of at least nine such large basins on Iapetus. Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
URANUS: Uranus is the third largest planet in our Solar System. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1781, and shares its name with the Greek god of the sky. Most of what we know about Uranus came from the NASA Voyager 2 spacecraft’s flyby of the planet in 1986. Uranus has nine major rings and 27 known moons. This image, taken in infrared light, reveals cloud structures not normally visible to human eyes. Methane gas in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving the planet its blue-green color. Uranus is spinning on its side, probably because of a collision with a large object early in the Solar System's history. Image Credit: California Association For Research In Astronomy/Science Photo Library
Researching in FETTSS & beyond Who are we attracting in these “everyday situations”? More incidental visitors than intentional visitors with public science? Less-science-initiated audience than science centers/planetariums? Do participants follow up with local science center, library or other resources? Is there any reshaping of the participant ’s identity (or non-identity) with science through public science?
*Preliminary* data analysis of 4 sites (out of 7) so far: Corpus Christi, Texas: Mall (CC) National Air and Space Museum, Washington DC: Outside on the National Mall (NASM) Central Florida University: Campus Library (CFU) Kansas City, Missouri: Union Station train station (KC)
Simultaneously, continuing research on public understanding of astronomy images with Aesthetics & Astronomy project. Papers/articles at http://astroart.cfa.harvard.edu/ Latest data analysis includes evidence for understanding the effectiveness of an astronomy exhibition in terms of gauging how much visitors have learned; what type of story format may be best for engaging the visitor/participant learning; and what type of platform may be best for implementation. To be submitted, Curator
New project: Here, There, & Everywhere (HTE) Compares phenomena on Earth to those in space Capitalize on eye-catching visuals (FETTU/FETTSS) with the power of analogy in public spaces (libraries, malls, etc.) First exhibits launched in September 2012
Light That Does Not Pass You are relaxing with a book on a nice sunny day when a friend leans over your shoulder and the page goes dark. “ Hey, you’re blocking my light!” It is a familiar experience. Any time an object blocks the light from another source, it forms a shadow.
Where the Wind Blows Winds can move particles from one place to another. On Earth, winds can blow briefly during a storm, and over long time scales, as in the jet stream. Winds have also been detected over long time scales, as in the jet stream. Winds have also been detected on other planets, in the space between stars, and in galaxies.
ZAP! You shuffle along a carpet, reach out to touch a doorknob and—zap!—a sudden flow of current, or electric discharge, gives you a mild shock. The cause? Friction between your feet and the carpet built up negative electric charge on your body. Electric discharges can occur wherever there is a large build-up of electric charge, and can create spectacular displays of sudden energy release on Earth and in space.
Atomic Light Show Atoms, the building blocks of matter, are constantly in motion, moving around at speeds that are thousands of miles per hour at room temperatures, and millions of miles per hour behind a supernova shock wave. In a collision of an atom with another atom, or with a free-roaming electron, energy can be transferred to the atom. This extra energy can then be released in the form of a light wave.
Bent Light What happens when light is bent? When light passes from one type of material to another, its path can be bent and the original image is distorted. Environments from eyeglasses to massive galaxies can cause lensing to take place.
Public science on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_science Arcand, K.K., Watzke, M., “Creating Public Science with the From Earth to the Universe Project” Science Communication. Vol 33(3) 398–407, Sept. 2011. kkowal@cfa.harvard.edu Twitter: @kimberlykowal http://yourtickettotheuniverse.com