This document summarizes a regional spotlight issue examining public health in San Joaquin County, California. It discusses key determinants of health for the county, including lower levels of education, air quality issues, policy impacts, social support networks, and income disparities. Transportation investments can impact health by encouraging walking and biking. The county faces public health challenges such as high obesity and chronic disease rates. Proposed transportation projects aim to enhance access to active transportation and improve health outcomes and costs.
Health Equity Considerations for Virginia's African American Children: The Importance of Social Determinants of Health
Prepared by Cheza Garvin, PhD, MPH, MSW, Assistant Professor and Academic Director, Consortium for Infant and Child Health (CINCH). Presented by Keisha Cutler, MPH, Assistant Director, CINCH, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Health & Research, Eastern Virginia Medical School
Health Equity Considerations for Virginia's African American Children: The Importance of Social Determinants of Health
Prepared by Cheza Garvin, PhD, MPH, MSW, Assistant Professor and Academic Director, Consortium for Infant and Child Health (CINCH). Presented by Keisha Cutler, MPH, Assistant Director, CINCH, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Health & Research, Eastern Virginia Medical School
If you want to leave a good impression with your paper, this site will give you some quantitative research proposal topics http://www.phdresearchproposal.org/quantitative-research-proposal-topics/
(HEPE) Introduction To Health Disparities 1antz505
Many youth leaders are compelled to do work with community based non-profit and local public health agencies as both a service learning and philanthropic component in their development as young professionals. However, despite invaluable experiential learning, students often don\'t comprehend key overarching issues such as health disparities, social determinants of health, health policy and community organizing. To address this gap and optimize their community based work, the Health Disparities Student Collaborative (HDSC), a Boston-based student group under Critical MASS for eliminating health disparities and the Center for Community Health Education Research and Service Inc. (CCHERS), developed a curriculum for students designed to broaden their perspectives while working with local public health, non-profit/community organizations and to develop their interest and ability to visualize the power of their collective voice as students and contributors to social justice work. The curriculum utilizes peer education and webinar software and covers three main topics: Current State of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Youth Activism on Health Disparities/Social Determinants of Health. HDSC has collaborated with local partners CCHERS/Critical MASS and the Community Based Public Health Caucus (CBPHC) Youth Council to develop this comprehensive “Health Equality Peer Education” training.
Protection Of Women’s Economic, Social Rights Linked To Healthier PopulationsΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A study in the BMJ Open journal found that protecting women’s rights leads to faster development and better health outcomes for men and women in both developing and developed countries. The study, based on data from 162 countries between 2004 and 2010, found that vaccination rates, reproductive health, death rates, life expectancy, and disease prevention rates were consistently better than average in countries where women’s rights were highly respected.
Youth Progress Index Presentation to the European Parliamentsocprog
The Youth Progress Index is one of the most innovative tools for measuring the quality of life of young people because it reflects the things most important to their safety, health and freedom, and like all our indexes, it remains independent of economic indicators. This social progress index offers distinct and equally important insight that will be critically helpful in empowering the largest generation ever in their transition from childhood to adulthood. To learn more, visit https://www.youthforum.org/youth-progress-index/.
If you want to leave a good impression with your paper, this site will give you some quantitative research proposal topics http://www.phdresearchproposal.org/quantitative-research-proposal-topics/
(HEPE) Introduction To Health Disparities 1antz505
Many youth leaders are compelled to do work with community based non-profit and local public health agencies as both a service learning and philanthropic component in their development as young professionals. However, despite invaluable experiential learning, students often don\'t comprehend key overarching issues such as health disparities, social determinants of health, health policy and community organizing. To address this gap and optimize their community based work, the Health Disparities Student Collaborative (HDSC), a Boston-based student group under Critical MASS for eliminating health disparities and the Center for Community Health Education Research and Service Inc. (CCHERS), developed a curriculum for students designed to broaden their perspectives while working with local public health, non-profit/community organizations and to develop their interest and ability to visualize the power of their collective voice as students and contributors to social justice work. The curriculum utilizes peer education and webinar software and covers three main topics: Current State of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Youth Activism on Health Disparities/Social Determinants of Health. HDSC has collaborated with local partners CCHERS/Critical MASS and the Community Based Public Health Caucus (CBPHC) Youth Council to develop this comprehensive “Health Equality Peer Education” training.
Protection Of Women’s Economic, Social Rights Linked To Healthier PopulationsΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A study in the BMJ Open journal found that protecting women’s rights leads to faster development and better health outcomes for men and women in both developing and developed countries. The study, based on data from 162 countries between 2004 and 2010, found that vaccination rates, reproductive health, death rates, life expectancy, and disease prevention rates were consistently better than average in countries where women’s rights were highly respected.
Youth Progress Index Presentation to the European Parliamentsocprog
The Youth Progress Index is one of the most innovative tools for measuring the quality of life of young people because it reflects the things most important to their safety, health and freedom, and like all our indexes, it remains independent of economic indicators. This social progress index offers distinct and equally important insight that will be critically helpful in empowering the largest generation ever in their transition from childhood to adulthood. To learn more, visit https://www.youthforum.org/youth-progress-index/.
Celebration of International Dot Day 2015 by the Swar sangam Club of Birla Hi...piali2005
The boys of the Swar Sangam Club of Birla High School (Junior Section) celebrated International Dot Day 2015 by blending the event with the Indian Festival - Ganesh Chaturthi
CreatioSoft is a premier apps and games development organization from New Delhi, India. The presentation covers the basics of what exactly we are involved into.
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Mewujudkan 3 prinsip bisnis | Cepat balik modal | Cepat untung | Modal kecil hasil besar | Bonus sponsor 100% | Mensponsori 1 user langsung balik modal | Bonus Bonus langsung masuk rekening tanpa melalui admin.
Bhs family celebrates International Dot Daypiali2005
The Teachers, Staff and Parents of Birla High School (Junior Section) celebrates International Dot Day 2015 by painting a drawing called Making a Difference by Making a Dot
Какие ошибки находит в трудовых договорах и локальных нормативных актах инспекция труда
Какие положения в трудовом договоре и локальных актах могут навредить работодателю
Обязательные и необязательные локальные нормативные акты. Какие вопросы регулируются работодателем
Обязательные и необязательные положения в обязательных локальных актах. Как не ошибиться
Трудовые функции в трудовых договорах и локальных актах
Изменения о порядке командирования работников в 2015 году
Какие категории работников нельзя отправить в командировку
Типичные ошибки работодателя при оформлении командировок
Что делать если во время командировки сотрудник заболел, получил травму и т.д.
Правила ведения командировок, Командировка: основные понятия и правила, порядок оформления командировок, Командировка, нормативные акты, Трудовой Кодекс, Служебная командировка, Поездка работника, однодневная служебная командировка, часовая служебная командировка, Длительность командировки, распоряжение руководителя, приказ, форма Т9, реквизиты, Цель командировки, период и срок командировки, Срок командировки, максимальный срок командировки, Положении об особенностях направления в командировку, Вахтовый метод, Служебное поручение, Трудовая функция, служебное поручение, цель, Место постоянной работы, занимаемая должность, трудовая функция, Ст. 166 Трудового Кодекса Российской Федерации, место постоянное работы, Положении о служебных командировках, Служебное задание, трудовой договор о дистанционной работе, Дистанционный договор, Трудовом Кодекс, Договор ГПХ, договор гражданско-правового характера, гражданско-правовые отношения, внештатный работник, п. 2 Положения о служебных командировках, трудовые отношения, трудовой договор, Процедура оформления приема на работу, ученический договор, ч. 3 ст. 230 Трудового Кодекса Российской Федерации, ученик, стажер, Ученический договор, Беременные женщины, ст. 259 Трудового Кодекса Российской Федерации, лица до 18 лет, творческие работники, Согласие письменное, Женщины, имеющие детей до 3 лет, матери-одиночки, отцы-одиночки, ребенок до 5 лет, дети-инвалиды, уход за больными членами семьи, Форма приказа о направлении в командировку, ст. 259, 264 ТК РФ, Уведомление и Согласие, Проверка трудовой инспекции, Инвалиды, инвалидность, Программа реабилитации, медицинские ограничения, Смена инвалидности, группа инвалидности, Личное дело, работники, участвующие в выборном процессе, Федеральный закон 67-ФЗ, Необоснованный отказ от направления в командировку, Дисциплинарное взыскание, положение о командировках, локально-нормативные акты, ст.166 Трудового Кодекса Российской Фед
Running head UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA 1
UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA 2
Union County, Georgia
Kimberly Crawford
January 30, 2017
Kaplan University
The following paper will answer the asked questions.
Name of County and State
Union County, Georgia.
County population with racial and gender breakdowns
As of July 1, 2015 estimates, the County population was 22, 267 individuals. Of this, 51.7% were Females, while as the males were 48.3%. The white people were 96.5%, the African Americans were 1.0%, the American Indian and Alaska Natives were 0.5%, Asians were 0.7%, Hispanics were 3.2%, and people with two or more races present accounted for 1.3%.
Number of Senior Citizens
The number of senior citizens was 32.5%.
Number of Disabled Individuals
The number of disabled individuals under the age of 65 was 13.9%.
Number of Children
The number of children was 16.1%.
Of the populations above, I choose the senior citizens. The first health concern for this population is elder abuse. At this age, this people are not able to actively take care of themselves like they would a while back. For this reason, they constantly required to be taken care of, in almost all the aspects of their lives. However, elder abuse is a common occurrence in which, the caregivers neglect this population so much, to the extent of some of them even dying. It is such a shame that such a thing might happen to such a delicate population. A second health concern for this population, is the risk of heath disease and other chronic diseases. According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), heart disease is one of the leading killers for the senior citizens because at this age, they are delicate and their hearts are very weak (Motooka et al., 2006).
The senior citizens require a number of community health interventions and public policies, which are aimed at ensuring they lead a comfortable life. For instance, they should have access to caregivers when they cannot adequately take care of themselves (Takano, 2002). In addition, they should have access to proper diets, and they should be provided with as much assistance as possible when they are at home and in public places. They should also have regular medical check-ups, to ascertain their health conditions, as well as have access to a hospital and a personal doctor in case they need consultation before their regular sessions (Anderson, 2003). Regular exercises is also good for ensuring their lives are going on smoothly.
Health Risk Assessment
In the health risk assessment tests, I took the eating behaviour test. The questions asked basically were about the kind of foods and drinks that I take on a daily basis, how often I take the meals per day, the rate and posture at which I take the meals, my favourite comfort food, and the circumstances under which I take th ...
Health promotion guide created for the TxState Service Learning Initiative and Long-Term Care graduate site. Created for elderly and disabled audiences.
Working Together for HealthEfforts to improve public health occ.docxmayank272369
Working Together for Health
Efforts to improve public health occur around the world every day. However, simply attempting to fix a problem without acknowledging, and respecting, the relationship between culture and health is not likely to have long-term success. Successful interventions, such as those in the case studies presented in your resources, demonstrate organizational collaboration. They also highlight the value of cultural relativism to improve population health outcomes. Working for the people (and with the people) can make an important impact on health.
To prepare for this Discussion, review Chapter 2, "Communities Working to Achieve Health Equity," in the Promoting Health Equity document from Week 2. Select one case study to profile in your discussion. How do the key concepts, addressed in this week's Learning Resources, relate to the case study you selected?
1. Briefly describe the population and health issue addressed in the case study.
2. In what way did cultural beliefs and behaviors contribute to the health issue in these case studies?
3. Which public health (or other) groups intervened, and how did they cooperate to improve health for this population?
4. What measures did the organization take to ensure they respected the dignity of the individuals and their culture?
5. How does this case study relate to our class resources addressing culture and collaboration?
Public and Global Health Essentials
· Chapter 11, "Working together to improve global health"
Around the world professionals from numerous organizations rely on others to achieve their public health goals. This chapter stresses global cooperation, partnerships and collaborations vital to addressing health issues
Top of Form
For this discussion, I will access the overall health and identify key issues in Garland County, Arkansas. According to County Health Rankings of 2017, in the area of health outcomes Garland County, Arkansas ranked 44 out of 75 counties. When reviewing national and state results, Arkansas exceeded the U.S. median in all categories of health outcomes. For the health factors summary, they ranked much lower coming in at 28. In the category of health behaviors, 25% of adult Arkansans are smokers and 34% are obese. Both of these percentages are above national averages. Referring back to the topic of my previous discussion, the number of diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases was almost twice as many as the national average and the teen birth rate almost doubled the national average. In the category of clinical care Arkansas is near equal or slightly lower than national averages. Social and economic factors also rank fairly close to the national averages. Overall physical environment factors are no different than the national averages. In my opinion, Arkansas is a fairly clean and comfortable place to live.
After considering these statistics, I can answer the opening question of this discussion. "How healthy is your community?" Not very! As a health ...
For the poor in urban slums, the majority of the programs targeting community health are often to combat communicable diseases or do not prioritize NCD related outcomes.
Creating a Healthy Environment: The Impact of the Built Environment on Public Health
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
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Needs assessment of school and community physical activity opportu.docxvannagoforth
Needs assessment of school and community physical activity opportunities in rural West Virginia: the McDowell CHOICES planning effort Alfgeir L Kristjansson1*, Eloise Elliott2, Sean Bulger2, Emily Jones2, Andrea R Taliaferro2 and William Neal3
Abstract Background: McDowell CHOICES (Coordinated Health Opportunities Involving Communities, Environments, and Schools) Project is a county wide endeavor aimed at increasing opportunities for physical activity (PA) in McDowell County, West Virginia (WV). A comprehensive needs-assessment laid the foundation of the project. Methods: During the 6 month needs assessment, multiple sources of data were collected in two Town Hall Meetings (n=80); a student online PA interest survey (n=465); a PA and nutrition survey among 5th (10–11 years) and 8th graders (13–14 years) with questions adapted from the CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (n=442, response rate =82.2%); six semi-structured school and community focus groups (n=44); school site visits (n=11); and BMI screening (n=550, response rate=69.7%). Results: One third of children in McDowell County meet the national PA minimum of 60 minutes daily. At least 40% of 5th and 8th graders engage in electronic screen activity for 3 hours or more every day. The prevalence of obesity in 5th graders is higher in McDowell County than the rest of WV (~55% vs. 47% respectively). SWOT analyses of focus group data suggest an overall interest in PA but also highlight a need for increase in structured PA opportunities. Focus group data also suggested that a central communication (e.g. internet-based) platform would be beneficial to advertise and boost participation both in current and future programs. Schools were commonly mentioned as potential facilities for public PA participation throughout the county, both with regards to access and convenience. School site visits suggest that schools need more equipment and resources for before, during, and after school programs. Conclusions: An overwhelming majority of participants in the McDowell CHOICES needs assessment were interested to participate in more PA programs throughout the county as well as to improve opportunities for the provision of such programs. Public schools were widely recognized as the hub of the communities and provide the best venue for PA promotion for both students and adult citizens, and can potentially serve as a platform for change in rural communities such as McDowell County. Keywords: Physical activity, Public schools, Community needs assessment, Rural health
Background Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) has long been associated with positive health outcomes, including prevention and treatment of obesity [1-5]. As childhood obesity continues to be a public health concern, daily PA participation is critical for children’s health, and should be considered in all school and community environments
[6-9]. A number of factors have been found to influence the PA levels of school-aged youth o ...
Series294 www.thelancet.com Vol 380 July 21, 2012L.docxklinda1
Series
294 www.thelancet.com Vol 380 July 21, 2012
Lancet 2012; 380: 294–305
Published Online
July 18, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(12)60898-8
This is the fi fth in a Series of
fi ve papers about physical activity
*Members listed at end of paper
University of Texas Health
Science Center, Houston School
of Public Health, and University
of Texas at Austin Department
of Kinesiology and Health
Education, Austin, TX, USA
(Prof H W Kohl 3rd PhD);
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle
Research Institute, Ottawa, ON,
Canada, and School of Public
Health, University of Sydney,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
(C L Craig MSc); UCT/MRC
Research Unit for Exercise
Science and Sports Medicine,
Department of Human Biology,
Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of Cape Town, Cape
Town, South Africa
(Prof E V Lambert PhD); Tokyo
Medical University, Department
of Preventive Medicine and
Physical Activity 5
The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for
public health
Harold W Kohl 3rd, Cora Lynn Craig, Estelle Victoria Lambert, Shigeru Inoue, Jasem Ramadan Alkandari, Grit Leetongin, Sonja Kahlmeier, for the
Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group*
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. We summarise present global eff orts to counteract
this problem and point the way forward to address the pandemic of physical inactivity. Although evidence for the
benefi ts of physical activity for health has been available since the 1950s, promotion to improve the health of populations
has lagged in relation to the available evidence and has only recently developed an identifi able infrastructure, including
eff orts in planning, policy, leadership and advocacy, workforce training and development, and monitoring and
surveillance. The reasons for this late start are myriad, multifactorial, and complex. This infrastructure should continue
to be formed, intersectoral approaches are essential to advance, and advocacy remains a key pillar. Although there is a
need to build global capacity based on the present foundations, a systems approach that focuses on populations and
the complex interactions among the correlates of physical inactivity, rather than solely a behavioural science approach
focusing on individuals, is the way forward to increase physical activity worldwide.
The pandemic of physical inactivity should be a
public health priority
Theoretically, prioritisation for public health action is
informed largely by three factors: the prevalence and
trends of a health disorder; the magnitude of the risk
associated with exposure to that disorder; and evidence
for eff ective prevention and control. A practice or
behaviour that is clearly related to a health disorder, is
prevalent, and is static or increasing in its prevalence
should be a primary target for public health policy for
disease prevention and health promotion. Too often,
however, the inertia of tradition, pressure .
Series294 www.thelancet.com Vol 380 July 21, 2012L.docx
Public Health Spotlight June 2015
1. SPRING 2015 | ISSUE NO. 2
PLANNING AND PUBLIC
HEALTH
REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT | PG 1
REGIONAL
SPOTLIGHT
This issue represents
the second in a series of
Regional Spotlights to focus
on the intersection of
transportation, health, and
the built environment. The
Summer 2014 issue
focused on Active
Transportation funding and
projects in San Joaquin
County. This issue
examines the state of public
health in the county,
determinants of health, and
the potential impact of
transportation on health
outcomes, costs, and
access. In addition, this
issue examines the
continuing role of
transportation investments
in creating synergy for
public private partnerships.
Transportation, Health, and the
Built Environment
2. PG 2 | REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT
Determinants of Public Health
Higher levels of education are associated with
behaviors such as healthy eating, engaging in
regular physical activity, and refraining from
smoking.1
According to 2013 American Community Survey
(ACS) 3-Year data, 77.8% of County residents 25 years and
over have at least a high school education, which is
below the 81.5% share state-wide.
The physical environment impacts health.
Water, air, workplaces, roads, and living spaces
contribute to health status. Other factors that influ-
ence health include access to outdoor recreation, environ-
mental pollutants, crime, and physical barriers for people
with disabilities. The County’s air quality has improved over
the past two decades: days with ozone levels above
state standards have declined from an average of 17.2
days in 1989-93 to an average of 3.4 days in 2009-13.2
Policymaking at the local, state, and federal
level affects individual and population health.
Policies ranging from complete streets to increas-
ing taxes on tobacco sales are illustrative of these sorts of
policies. Some policies affect entire populations over
extended periods of time while helping to change individual
behavior. Examples include seat belt laws, restrictions on
smoking in public places, and health and safety standards.3
Strong social support networks are linked
to better health. Culture, customs/traditions, and
the beliefs of the family and community all affect
health.4
For example, life in a single parent household can
be stressful for those families.5
According to 2013 ACS 3-
Year data, single parent households make up 34% of
the County, creating a challenge for support networks.
The County Health Rankings and Roadmaps initiative from the
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wiscon-
sin provides detailed County-level statistics and rankings on key
measures of public health. This table provides a summary of
where San Joaquin County ranks out of California 57 counties.
For further info visit: www.countyhealthrankings.org
Multiple factors determine individual and community health
status; these factors are referred to as “determinants of
health” by many health agencies. Data associated with these
determinants is presented below. While not comprehensive,
the data gives some insight into the San Joaquin County
population and attempts to convey the interdependence
between internal and external factors in shaping health
outcomes. These are explored further in the pages to follow.
Mortality Morbidity Health Behaviors
41st of 57 46th of 57 52nd of 57
Clinical
Care
Social & Economic
Factors
Physical
Environment
36th of 57 48th of 57 56th of 57
Where Does San Joaquin County Rank?
3. REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT | PG 3
1
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Exploring the Social Determinants of Health.” http://
www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2011/rwjf70447
2
California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, iADAM: Air Quality
Data Statistics.
3
Healthypeople.gov. “Determinants of Health.” https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/
about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health
4
Healthypeople.gov. “Determinants of Health.” https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/
about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health
5
American Psychological Association. “Single parenting and today’s families.” http://
www.apa.org/helpcenter/single-parent.aspx
6
Healthypeople.gov. “Determinants of Health.” https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/
about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health
7
World Health Organization. “The determinants of health.” http://www.who.int/hia/
evidence/doh/en/
8
World Health Organization. “The determinants of health.” http://www.who.int/hia/
evidence/doh/en/
9
Healthypeople.gov. “Determinants of Health.” https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/
about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health
10
County Health Rankings and Roadmaps. “San Joaquin (SJ). http://
www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/california/2015/rankings/san-joaquin/county/factors/
overall/snapshot
Biology and genetics can affect the health of
some populations more than others. Factors in-
clude age, sex, HIV status, and inherited condi-
tions. For example, sickle cell disease is a relatively com-
mon hereditary blood disorder associated with a number of
acute and chronic health problems and is most common in
people with sub-Saharan African ancestry.6
Access to and use of health services can
prevent and treat disease.7
According to 2013 3-
Year ACS data, 17.4% of the San Joaquin County
population do not have health insurance. The
Affordable Care Act has increased the number of people
with health insurance; however, having insurance does not
guarantee access to care and services.
Higher income and social status are
linked to better health.8
The greater the gap
between the richest and poorest people, the
greater the differences in health. ACS 2013 3-Year data
shows that 18.7% of San Joaquin County residents live
below the poverty level, compared to 16.8% of the
population state-wide.
Public health and health care interventions often
focus on changing behavior, such as substance
abuse, diet, and physical activity. However,
environment, child development, education, and other
factors also influence behavior.9
Recent county data
suggests that 79% of County residents have access to
exercise opportunities.10
4. PG 4 | REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT
The interrelationship between transportation, land use and
public health has become increasingly connected. For better
or worse, transportation systems play a part in influencing
behavior and health. Historically, transportation networks
have been designed to accommodate automobiles, placing
an emphasis on providing opportunities to travel alone by
car. However, this convenience ushered in an era of
suburban community design that separated many people
and communities from the urban center, often placing them
into pockets of remote residential developments. Many
factors including distance and auto-oriented infrastructure
design have altered peoples’ ability (and willingness) to walk
or bike to common destinations such as work, school, shops
and places of recreation. As a result, behaviors have
changed as community members have become more reliant
on the automobile. One research study determined that 25
percent of all trips are less than one mile, though 75 percent
of those short trips are made by automobile.
How people travel has impacts that go far beyond the
seemingly simple and mundane acts of getting from one
place to another. For many, walking and bicycling provide
the easiest and most cost efficient forms of travel and means
of physical activity. When opportunities for these travel
options are not provided, it hampers the ability to live healthy
active lifestyles.
As dependence on the automobile has increased, American
waistlines have also during the past 30 years - obesity rates
in both children and adults have more than doubled since the
1970s. This has become a serious growing public health
concern, as obesity serves as a primary precursor to many
serious chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension,
heart disease and stroke. Many transportation planning
agencies are actively pursuing ways to encourage healthier
and better connected community environments that provide
opportunities for individuals to get out of cars and become
more physically active.
The role of the built environment, which includes the land
use patterns, transportation systems, and design features
found in communities, has been identified by practitioners in
both urban planning and public health fields as a major
influence on peoples’ behavior.
Public Health: The Influence of Transportation Policy
Encouraging Healthier Communities
Physically active lifestyles, among other benefits, can help
regulate weight, reduce rates of chronic and preventable
diseases, raise lung capacity, improve mental well-being and
increase life expectancy.
In 1996, the U.S. Surgeon General published its foundational
Report on Physical Activity and Health, which concluded that
people of all age groups living inactive lifestyles could improve
their health and well-being by becoming even moderately
active on a regular basis. In the past two decades since the
release of that report, subsequent studies have further
established that consistent physical activity serves as the best
method to reduce the risk of adverse health conditions.
5. REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT | PG 5
Safe Routes
to School
A component of
the new Active
Transportation
Program is the
former Safe
Routes to School
Program. This
includes provid-
ing sidewalks,
bike lanes, sign-
age, flashing
lights, and traffic
signals for stu-
dents traveling to
and from school.
More than two-thirds of all County residents are considered
overweight or obese. This may be a contributing factor as to
why San Joaquin County residents have some of the highest
rates of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, as well as
deaths attributed to these chronic diseases in the state.
Transportation investments can support walking and
bicycling in neighborhoods, schools, and downtowns. For
example, street-scale improvements such as sidewalks,
safer street crossing configurations, multi-use pathways and
bike lanes can dramatically increase rates of physical activity
and reduce injury risk. As noted in the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention’s Guide to Community Preventive
Services, street-scale improvements such as these have
resulted in a median increase in some aspects of physical
activity of 35 percent.
When these types of projects are funded and built, they
create healthy living environments that serve all age groups,
enhancing communities. Pedestrian-friendly areas allow for
low-impact exercise for the elderly; accommodate daily
walking routines; allow safe travel pathways for children; and
invite window-shopping and increased consumer traffic for
businesses. The resulting increase in opportunities for social
interaction can foster neighborly connections and feelings of
community - all of which may have a contributing beneficial
affect on mental wellness.
Co-Benefits: Safety and Cost
Chronic disease not only impacts personal
health, but has economic consequences as
well. Poor health increases direct medical
costs such as those spent to cover emergency
room visits, hospitalizations, testing, treatment,
and other medical services. It also has indirect
costs such as lowered productivity due to
missed workdays.
Although not intuitive, research indicates that areas
with higher rates of bicycle usage have
correspondingly lower rates of
auto-related collissions
A 2003 peer-reviewed study published in the journal Injury
Prevention analyzed five separate large data sets taken
from locations found in the United Kingdom, Netherlands
and the United States. The study looked at the measure of
injuries to people walking or bicycling in relation to the
number of people participating in these activities. Based on
the data, the researchers concluded where, or when, more
people walk or bicycle, the less likely they are to be injured
by motorists. The researchers concluded there is safety in
numbers - drivers are more cognizant of their surroundings
When More Means Less
Despite the many benefits of active living, an increasing number
of people are living less active, sedentary lifestyles. Research
analysis performed by the Active Living Research found that
from 1977 to 1995, the rate of people walking or bicycling for
daily transportation declined by 32 percent. Less active living
behaviors contributes to weight gain.
This health trend is reflected with residents living in San
Joaquin County, as obesity rates have steadily increased this
past decade. Recent data taken from the California Health Inter-
view Survey indicates that 34.7 percent of all county adults are
obese, a percentage that outpaces the state (24.8 percent) by a
wide-margin.
6. PG 6 | REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT
Throughout California and the nation, greater emphasis has
begun to be placed on transportation projects that provide
infrastructure not only for vehicles, but also enhance condi-
tions for bicyclists, pedestrians, and transit users. One of the
funding sources for such projects is the new Active Trans-
portation Program (ATP) which provides funding for bicycle,
pedestrian, and Safe Routes to School Infrastructure.
In 2014 jurisdictions throughout San Joaquin County com-
peted statewide for approximately $180 million in ATP fund-
ing that was available for projects that support biking, walk-
ing, and Safe Routes to School. During the statewide portion
of the program, four projects from the City of Stockton were
awarded approximately $3 million in ATP funds. In October,
the SJCOG Board approved allocating an additional $4.47
million to eight more projects from the cities of Lathrop, Lodi,
Ripon, Stockton, Tracy, and the County of San Joaquin.
These projects range from sidewalk and traffic signal im-
provements around schools to major streetscape improve-
ments and railroad overcrossings. All of the projects have
the common goals of increasing the number of trips people
take using bicycles or walking, increasing the safely and
mobility of non-motorized users, and improving public health
through benefiting areas with populations that have high risk
factors for obesity, physical inactivity, asthma, or other
health issues.
BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN ACTIVE LIVING
Research has shown areas with higher rates of walking
and bicycling have lower per capita traffic death rates,
and individual longevity (i.e. lifespan) tends to increase in
those who participate in these physical activities.
Studies have indicated decreasing automobile use by
increasing walking and bicycling can improve air quality
and reduce the emission of toxic air pollutants and
greenhouse gases which are linked to increased inci-
dences of asthma.
One study estimated the substitution of cycling for short-
trip driving has the potential to reduce gasoline demand
by 34.9% of current domestic oil consumption.
According to the California Bicycle Coalition, for every
$1 million invested in bikeways between $1.2 - $3.8 mil-
lion is returned in health care cost savings.
According to a study by the Victoria Policy Institute,
investing in public transit and transit-oriented develop-
ment can reduce transportation costs, which
potentially gives households more money for housing,
healthy food, and medical care.
Active transportation investments can provide access to op-
portunities for residents to incorporate physical activity into
everyday activities. These investments can encourage means
of travel which provide added benefits that impact not only
health but personal safety, finances and the natural environ-
ment as well. High quality transit and transit oriented develop-
ment can also improve access to economic, social and recrea-
tional opportunities, which are also recognized as determi-
nants of public health. The proposed projects on the following
page illustrate ways that public and private investments can
influence access to health living opportunities.
Shaping the Built Environment
7. Domus Development is proposing to redevelop a vacant
infill site in downtown Stockton into a vibrant high density
supportive housing project named Anchor Village. The
development is designed to serve low income veterans and
individuals with mental illness with wrap around on-site
services and is located within convenient walking distance of
high quality transit service. Anchor Village is a four-story
building comprised of 51 units, 39 one-bedroom and 12 two-
bedroom units and approximately 8000 square feet of
ground floor community serving space and 23 onsite parking
spaces. The community area is designed for social functions
and will be a primary location to provide social programs to
the tenants. In addition to the community room, there will be
a suite of offices that will house support services for tenants
and private rooms for counseling and meetings.
REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT | PG 7
Visionary Home Builders is proposing a mixed-use,
affordable housing project in Downtown Stockton. This $31
million development, known as Grand View Village, will
provide ground floor commercial space for a grocery store
and a small café. The upper floors will provide 108 housing
units with a mix of studio, one, two, three and four bedroom
units. The development will include a rooftop garden, play
area, and community center for tenants.
The proximity of the project to Stockton’s main bus station
and the Cabral Rail Station will provide residents access to
high quality transit service, allowing them to not have to rely
on automobiles for transportation. In addition to providing
much needed housing and basic commercial uses which are
lacking in downtown Stockton, the project has several
unique features, including offering employment opportunities
for its residents. The grocery store is proposed to be a
cooperative based model which will employ tenants of the
building. The café will use produce grown on the develop-
ment’s rooftop garden, and solar panels and other green
building infrastructure will be incorporated into the building.
Visionary is also proposing to construct one block of the nine
-block Miner Avenue Streetscape improvements between
Hunter Street and San Joaquin Street. These improvements
consist of reducing the number of vehicle lanes from four to
two, adding landscaped medians, and a separately striped
bicycle lane. The reduction in lanes will allow for wider side-
walks, curbside planters, and designated sidewalk areas for
potential café seating in the future, providing balanced trans-
portation opportunities for cars, pedestrians, and bicyclists.
Health Access:
Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic
Mixed-Use Infill:
Visionary Home Builders Grand View Village
Supportive Housing:
Domus Development Anchor Village
After years long bipartisan effort by local elected officials,
President Obama’s proposed Fiscal Year 2016 budget
includes funding for the Stockton Community-Based
Outpatient Clinic. The Department of Veterans Affairs
has been planning for many years to construct a 158,000
square foot clinic on a 52-acre site located in French Camp
just north of San Joaquin General Hospital. The fate of the
$139 million in funding proposed in the President’s budget is
currently uncertain; local House and Senate representatives
are lobbying to retain the funding. Construction was expected
to start in 2016 and be completed by 2020. If ultimately
constructed, the facility will allow the estimated 87,000
veterans in and around the County to receive local health
care instead of traveling to facilities as far away as Palo Alto.
8. San Joaquin Council of Governments
555 E. Weber Avenue
Stockton, CA 95202
The San Joaquin Council of Government serves as the federally-designated
Metropolitan Planning Organization for San Joaquin County. Under that
umbrella, SJCOG also serves as the Census Data Center for the county and
partners with the University of the Pacific’s Center for Business and Policy
Research to provide data and analysis of a variety of socio-economic issues
relevant to the San Joaquin region.
Kim Anderson, Senior Regional Planner
Email: anderson@sjcog.org
Phone: 209.235.0600
3601 Pacific Avenue ● Stockton, CA 95211 ● 209.946.7385
Jeffrey Michael, Director
Email: jmichael@pacific.edu
Thomas Pogue, Associate Director
Email: tpogue@pacific.edu
PG 8 | REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT
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Coming Next: Regional Analyst: The Long Way Home
Commute Patterns In and Out of San Joaquin County
Who Commutes, Where, and Why?