In the first in a series of NCVO Brexit seminars in collaboration with UK in a Changing Europe, Thomas Leeper, associate professor in politics at the London School of Economics, explored the latest trends and insight into public attitudes to Brexit.
Brexit will have wide-ranging impacts on the UK's voluntary sector. The document outlines the political process of Brexit, including Theresa May's approach and the negotiations between the UK and EU. It also discusses potential regulatory changes affecting UK charities derived from EU law and various cross-cutting issues like employment, data protection, and VAT that will need to be addressed.
This document analyzes the implications of Brexit for the voluntary sector in the UK. It finds that in the short term, Brexit will lead to uncertainty as the government delays major decisions until negotiations are further along. This may cause funding and policy paralysis. In the long term, Brexit could reduce EU funding and public spending on services. It may also exacerbate social tensions and divisions in communities. The voluntary sector has an important role to play in bringing people together and ensuring vulnerable voices are heard during the Brexit process.
To address the future separation of UK and EU law, all contracts should now include transitional Brexit and change/divergence of law provisions. This webinar is an update on the key areas including currency risk, customs and trade assumptions.
Organised by the Economic and Social Research Council and the UK Research Office
Tuesday 11 February 2014, Brussels
The Scottish Government is holding a referendum on 18 September 2014 asking “Should Scotland be an independent country?”
The UK’s Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has initiated a Future of the UK and Scotland programme of activities bringing the best of UK social science to the debate about Scotland’s constitutional future and its implications for the rest of the UK and Europe. This work aims to both inform the debate in the run-up to the referendum and assist in planning across a wide range of areas which will be affected by the outcome of the vote – whether for Scottish independence or continued Union.
This meeting offered an overview of the programme of work and focused on the key areas of migration and business, on questions about Scotland and the UK’s future membership of the EU as the Scottish referendum – and potentially a UK referendum on EU membership – approach.
Scottish devolution and nationalism, Kenneth KellerSeth Dixon
The document discusses Scottish devolution and nationalism, specifically focusing on the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It provides background on devolution in Scotland since 1999, which decentralized governance and transferred some powers from the UK parliament to the Scottish parliament. The referendum question was "Should Scotland be an independent country?". The implications of a potential 'Yes' vote for independence are also examined, such as Scotland's relationship with the UK and EU, control over resources like oil, and other economic and political considerations. Uncertainty remains over various aspects of independence like currency, borders, and negotiations.
Brexit will have wide-ranging impacts on the UK's voluntary sector. The document outlines the political process of Brexit, including Theresa May's approach and the negotiations between the UK and EU. It also discusses potential regulatory changes affecting UK charities derived from EU law and various cross-cutting issues like employment, data protection, and VAT that will need to be addressed.
This document analyzes the implications of Brexit for the voluntary sector in the UK. It finds that in the short term, Brexit will lead to uncertainty as the government delays major decisions until negotiations are further along. This may cause funding and policy paralysis. In the long term, Brexit could reduce EU funding and public spending on services. It may also exacerbate social tensions and divisions in communities. The voluntary sector has an important role to play in bringing people together and ensuring vulnerable voices are heard during the Brexit process.
To address the future separation of UK and EU law, all contracts should now include transitional Brexit and change/divergence of law provisions. This webinar is an update on the key areas including currency risk, customs and trade assumptions.
Organised by the Economic and Social Research Council and the UK Research Office
Tuesday 11 February 2014, Brussels
The Scottish Government is holding a referendum on 18 September 2014 asking “Should Scotland be an independent country?”
The UK’s Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has initiated a Future of the UK and Scotland programme of activities bringing the best of UK social science to the debate about Scotland’s constitutional future and its implications for the rest of the UK and Europe. This work aims to both inform the debate in the run-up to the referendum and assist in planning across a wide range of areas which will be affected by the outcome of the vote – whether for Scottish independence or continued Union.
This meeting offered an overview of the programme of work and focused on the key areas of migration and business, on questions about Scotland and the UK’s future membership of the EU as the Scottish referendum – and potentially a UK referendum on EU membership – approach.
Scottish devolution and nationalism, Kenneth KellerSeth Dixon
The document discusses Scottish devolution and nationalism, specifically focusing on the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It provides background on devolution in Scotland since 1999, which decentralized governance and transferred some powers from the UK parliament to the Scottish parliament. The referendum question was "Should Scotland be an independent country?". The implications of a potential 'Yes' vote for independence are also examined, such as Scotland's relationship with the UK and EU, control over resources like oil, and other economic and political considerations. Uncertainty remains over various aspects of independence like currency, borders, and negotiations.
This document summarizes the potential economic impacts of Brexit based on several studies. It finds that Brexit could reduce UK GDP by 3.4-9.5% according to the UK Treasury, 2.1-7.8% according to NIESR, and 2.7-7% according to the OECD. Rabobank estimates GDP could fall by 10-18% depending on the deal. Exports are also projected to decline substantially. The EU economy may also take a hit. The document argues for continued EU-UK coordination on state aid to limit trade barriers and distortions given the countries' economic integration. The UK has historically influenced EU state aid rules but its role may change after Brexit.
The document summarizes the findings of a representativeness study on temporary agency work conducted by Eurofound. It finds that:
1) There are 62 trade union organizations related to temporary work in 22 EU member states, with geographical and membership coverage varying significantly between countries.
2) There are 41 employer associations identified across 26 EU countries, with narrower domain definitions than the trade unions. Many employer organizations are not involved in collective bargaining.
3) Eurociett and UNI Europa are considered the most important European social partner organizations representing employers and employees respectively in the temporary work sector, based on their membership and mandate.
The group presentation prepared for politics courses. The main goal of current ppt is to prove that we understood the given material, articles, books and official sites of EU commission.
The main focus on the decision -making models and competencies. In addition, the crisisification of the policy-making
ESRI researcher Samantha Arnold delivered this presentation on 27 November at the European Migration Network (EMN) Ireland conference on Migrant family reunification: policy and practice. She outlined the challenges for migrants and refugees who wish to reunite with their families in Ireland.
This document discusses State Aid under EU law. State Aid refers to assistance from Member State resources that distorts competition. It is prohibited under Article 107 TFEU, subject to exceptions under Articles 107(2) and 107(3). The European Commission reviews existing aid and can require states to alter or abolish aid that distorts competition. If states do not comply, the Commission can refer them to the European Court of Justice. State aid decisions can result in recovery orders requiring repayment of illegal aid over 10 years with interest. The document then discusses applications to tax, including tax rulings challenged by the Commission, and achieving certainty in state aid decisions going forward.
This document provides information about a course on devolution taught by Dr. John Moffat. It includes learning outcomes, required readings, and a summary of the key debates around devolution. The summary discusses how devolution may improve economic welfare by boosting allocative efficiency and economic growth, but could also have negative impacts through problems like principal-agency issues and inter-regional competition. It then analyzes the economic powers and goals of the devolved governments in Wales and Scotland, and assesses whether devolution has positively impacted economic indicators in these nations.
Varieties of industrial relations in Europe - 2016Eurofound
industrial relations in Europe, labour relations, employment relations, social dialogue, trade, unions, crisis, cross-sector, employers, european company, european framework agreements, european works council, industrial action, industrial action, industrial relations, law, minimum wage, sectoral social dialogue, social dialogue, trade unions, wages, working time, bargaining in the shadow of the law, collective agreements, European commission, EU law, EU treaties, decentralization of collective bargaining, single employer bargaining, multi-employer bargaining, extension of collective agreements, favourability principle, opt-out, opening clause, erga omnes, commodity, ILO, dispute settlement, varieties of capitalism, coordinated market economy, liberal market economy, bi-partite, tri-partite, Val Duchesse, macro-economic dialogue, tri-partite social summit, social dialogue committee, working time, labor productivity, labor cost, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, pay, autonomous agreements, telework, parental leave, BUSINESSEUROPE, ETUC, CEEP, UEAPME, mega trends, information and consultation, open method of coordination, mutual learning,
Impact of the crisis on industrial relations in EuropeEurofound
This document summarizes the impact of the economic crisis on industrial relations in Europe. It discusses how the crisis has put pressure on actors, processes, and outcomes of industrial relations. Key trends include decentralization of collective bargaining, fewer extensions of agreements to non-signatories, shorter agreements, fewer agreements reached, reforms to wage-setting mechanisms in countries receiving financial assistance, and more adversarial industrial relations in some countries. While some trends predated the crisis, it accelerated changes and induced new crisis-driven trends in many European countries.
02 the present eu institutional framework karolinyeszter
The document summarizes the key institutions and decision-making processes of the European Union. It outlines that the EU has expanded from 6 original members to 27 current members through the processes of widening membership and deepening integration. The main EU institutions discussed are the European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, Council of Ministers, Court of Justice, and Court of Auditors. It also describes the roles of these institutions and how decisions are made through various procedures like co-decision, consultation, and assent that involve different combinations of institutions.
Presentation given by Professor Herwig Verschueren, University of Antwerp, at the 2015 FEANTSA Policy Conference, "Homelessness, A Local Phenomenon with a European Dimension: Key Steps to Connect Communities to Europe", Paris City Hall, 19 June 2015
Nick Pearce: Growth regimes, statecraft and incremental change. Presentation at seminar Reforming social security – What can we learn from basic income experiments? 17.12.2021.
Over the last decade, the gap between the old and the young in Europe has been growing due to worsening social and economic conditions. The presentation lays down a set of proposal both at the EU and at the national level to reverse the trend.
This document discusses citizens' power to hold public institutions accountable through participation in decision making. It describes SIGMA as a joint OECD-EU initiative that helps countries strengthen governance. Public administration is important for the EU accession process though not a formal chapter. Policy tools like impact assessments and consultation are emphasized as mechanisms for accountability and public input. Open policy making, data sharing and framing of issues can impact decisions and unintended consequences may arise, so participation is key.
We compare how priorities have evolved for residents between 2019 and now at a borough wide and neighbourhood level, and with a special focus on young people. We compare how our residents’ satisfaction with the local area and the council has evolved since 2020 and what areas it has improved in and where there is a need to improve, with a particular focus on our tenants & leaseholders. We outline what residents most want improved in terms of engagement and what issues they’d most like to get involved in, as well how our residents’ ability to count on each other has evolved, with a particular focus on inclusion & cohesion
Minna Ylikännö: Ubi and ongoing social security reform. Presentation at seminar Reforming social security – What can we learn from basic income experiments? 17.12.2021.
The document summarizes information about EU enlargement, including its history from the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community to the Treaty of Lisbon defining the EU's relationships. It outlines the main EU institutions and their locations. It lists current EU member states and candidate countries, and the Copenhagen criteria for joining the EU. Specific sections provide background on Turkey's and Croatia's paths to EU membership, including requirements and benefits of accession. Potential benefits and downsides of expansion are discussed.
The document summarizes findings from Finland's 2017-2018 basic income experiment. It finds:
1) No effect on employment in 2017 but a small increase in 2018.
2) Unemployment benefits were substantially but not totally replaced by the basic income payments.
3) Basic social assistance take-up reduced significantly likely due to higher incomes from the experiment.
4) Only a small decrease in housing allowance take-up occurred in the second year.
5) Those receiving basic income reported feeling less bureaucracy in the benefits system compared to the control group.
6) Differences in benefit take-up vanished after the experiment ended.
- The document discusses basic income as a policy, mirror of existing welfare systems, and metaphor for rethinking social and economic structures.
- Research examines what drives political support for basic income across countries, finding it influenced by ideological, socio-economic, and institutional factors that vary in different contexts.
- Case studies of the UK and Finland show support is sometimes more abstract than concrete and existing welfare states shape basic income politics, with individual support also linked to preferences for targeting and conditionality relative to national systems.
The document summarizes views from an Ipsos online community on Brexit 5 years after the referendum vote. Most people feel they have not noticed significant changes from Brexit yet and think the pandemic has overshadowed its effects. While some notice higher costs or shipping delays from EU countries, many are still confused about attributing rising prices to Brexit or Covid. There remains a divide between those who voted Leave and Remain, with both sides still convinced of their views despite most saying they have not been personally affected much either way. Overall, uncertainty persists around how Brexit will truly impact daily life.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on navigating uncertainty related to Brexit. The panel discusses how Brexit will impact investing and doing business in the UK, access to talent, structuring and financing, and VAT and customs duties. Key points include concerns for US companies with UK subsidiaries, potential issues with talent retention and access due to changes in freedom of movement, and implications for VAT and duties depending on the final deal between the UK and EU. The panel provides analysis to help businesses understand and plan for potential effects of Brexit.
This document summarizes the potential economic impacts of Brexit based on several studies. It finds that Brexit could reduce UK GDP by 3.4-9.5% according to the UK Treasury, 2.1-7.8% according to NIESR, and 2.7-7% according to the OECD. Rabobank estimates GDP could fall by 10-18% depending on the deal. Exports are also projected to decline substantially. The EU economy may also take a hit. The document argues for continued EU-UK coordination on state aid to limit trade barriers and distortions given the countries' economic integration. The UK has historically influenced EU state aid rules but its role may change after Brexit.
The document summarizes the findings of a representativeness study on temporary agency work conducted by Eurofound. It finds that:
1) There are 62 trade union organizations related to temporary work in 22 EU member states, with geographical and membership coverage varying significantly between countries.
2) There are 41 employer associations identified across 26 EU countries, with narrower domain definitions than the trade unions. Many employer organizations are not involved in collective bargaining.
3) Eurociett and UNI Europa are considered the most important European social partner organizations representing employers and employees respectively in the temporary work sector, based on their membership and mandate.
The group presentation prepared for politics courses. The main goal of current ppt is to prove that we understood the given material, articles, books and official sites of EU commission.
The main focus on the decision -making models and competencies. In addition, the crisisification of the policy-making
ESRI researcher Samantha Arnold delivered this presentation on 27 November at the European Migration Network (EMN) Ireland conference on Migrant family reunification: policy and practice. She outlined the challenges for migrants and refugees who wish to reunite with their families in Ireland.
This document discusses State Aid under EU law. State Aid refers to assistance from Member State resources that distorts competition. It is prohibited under Article 107 TFEU, subject to exceptions under Articles 107(2) and 107(3). The European Commission reviews existing aid and can require states to alter or abolish aid that distorts competition. If states do not comply, the Commission can refer them to the European Court of Justice. State aid decisions can result in recovery orders requiring repayment of illegal aid over 10 years with interest. The document then discusses applications to tax, including tax rulings challenged by the Commission, and achieving certainty in state aid decisions going forward.
This document provides information about a course on devolution taught by Dr. John Moffat. It includes learning outcomes, required readings, and a summary of the key debates around devolution. The summary discusses how devolution may improve economic welfare by boosting allocative efficiency and economic growth, but could also have negative impacts through problems like principal-agency issues and inter-regional competition. It then analyzes the economic powers and goals of the devolved governments in Wales and Scotland, and assesses whether devolution has positively impacted economic indicators in these nations.
Varieties of industrial relations in Europe - 2016Eurofound
industrial relations in Europe, labour relations, employment relations, social dialogue, trade, unions, crisis, cross-sector, employers, european company, european framework agreements, european works council, industrial action, industrial action, industrial relations, law, minimum wage, sectoral social dialogue, social dialogue, trade unions, wages, working time, bargaining in the shadow of the law, collective agreements, European commission, EU law, EU treaties, decentralization of collective bargaining, single employer bargaining, multi-employer bargaining, extension of collective agreements, favourability principle, opt-out, opening clause, erga omnes, commodity, ILO, dispute settlement, varieties of capitalism, coordinated market economy, liberal market economy, bi-partite, tri-partite, Val Duchesse, macro-economic dialogue, tri-partite social summit, social dialogue committee, working time, labor productivity, labor cost, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, pay, autonomous agreements, telework, parental leave, BUSINESSEUROPE, ETUC, CEEP, UEAPME, mega trends, information and consultation, open method of coordination, mutual learning,
Impact of the crisis on industrial relations in EuropeEurofound
This document summarizes the impact of the economic crisis on industrial relations in Europe. It discusses how the crisis has put pressure on actors, processes, and outcomes of industrial relations. Key trends include decentralization of collective bargaining, fewer extensions of agreements to non-signatories, shorter agreements, fewer agreements reached, reforms to wage-setting mechanisms in countries receiving financial assistance, and more adversarial industrial relations in some countries. While some trends predated the crisis, it accelerated changes and induced new crisis-driven trends in many European countries.
02 the present eu institutional framework karolinyeszter
The document summarizes the key institutions and decision-making processes of the European Union. It outlines that the EU has expanded from 6 original members to 27 current members through the processes of widening membership and deepening integration. The main EU institutions discussed are the European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, Council of Ministers, Court of Justice, and Court of Auditors. It also describes the roles of these institutions and how decisions are made through various procedures like co-decision, consultation, and assent that involve different combinations of institutions.
Presentation given by Professor Herwig Verschueren, University of Antwerp, at the 2015 FEANTSA Policy Conference, "Homelessness, A Local Phenomenon with a European Dimension: Key Steps to Connect Communities to Europe", Paris City Hall, 19 June 2015
Nick Pearce: Growth regimes, statecraft and incremental change. Presentation at seminar Reforming social security – What can we learn from basic income experiments? 17.12.2021.
Over the last decade, the gap between the old and the young in Europe has been growing due to worsening social and economic conditions. The presentation lays down a set of proposal both at the EU and at the national level to reverse the trend.
This document discusses citizens' power to hold public institutions accountable through participation in decision making. It describes SIGMA as a joint OECD-EU initiative that helps countries strengthen governance. Public administration is important for the EU accession process though not a formal chapter. Policy tools like impact assessments and consultation are emphasized as mechanisms for accountability and public input. Open policy making, data sharing and framing of issues can impact decisions and unintended consequences may arise, so participation is key.
We compare how priorities have evolved for residents between 2019 and now at a borough wide and neighbourhood level, and with a special focus on young people. We compare how our residents’ satisfaction with the local area and the council has evolved since 2020 and what areas it has improved in and where there is a need to improve, with a particular focus on our tenants & leaseholders. We outline what residents most want improved in terms of engagement and what issues they’d most like to get involved in, as well how our residents’ ability to count on each other has evolved, with a particular focus on inclusion & cohesion
Minna Ylikännö: Ubi and ongoing social security reform. Presentation at seminar Reforming social security – What can we learn from basic income experiments? 17.12.2021.
The document summarizes information about EU enlargement, including its history from the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community to the Treaty of Lisbon defining the EU's relationships. It outlines the main EU institutions and their locations. It lists current EU member states and candidate countries, and the Copenhagen criteria for joining the EU. Specific sections provide background on Turkey's and Croatia's paths to EU membership, including requirements and benefits of accession. Potential benefits and downsides of expansion are discussed.
The document summarizes findings from Finland's 2017-2018 basic income experiment. It finds:
1) No effect on employment in 2017 but a small increase in 2018.
2) Unemployment benefits were substantially but not totally replaced by the basic income payments.
3) Basic social assistance take-up reduced significantly likely due to higher incomes from the experiment.
4) Only a small decrease in housing allowance take-up occurred in the second year.
5) Those receiving basic income reported feeling less bureaucracy in the benefits system compared to the control group.
6) Differences in benefit take-up vanished after the experiment ended.
- The document discusses basic income as a policy, mirror of existing welfare systems, and metaphor for rethinking social and economic structures.
- Research examines what drives political support for basic income across countries, finding it influenced by ideological, socio-economic, and institutional factors that vary in different contexts.
- Case studies of the UK and Finland show support is sometimes more abstract than concrete and existing welfare states shape basic income politics, with individual support also linked to preferences for targeting and conditionality relative to national systems.
The document summarizes views from an Ipsos online community on Brexit 5 years after the referendum vote. Most people feel they have not noticed significant changes from Brexit yet and think the pandemic has overshadowed its effects. While some notice higher costs or shipping delays from EU countries, many are still confused about attributing rising prices to Brexit or Covid. There remains a divide between those who voted Leave and Remain, with both sides still convinced of their views despite most saying they have not been personally affected much either way. Overall, uncertainty persists around how Brexit will truly impact daily life.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on navigating uncertainty related to Brexit. The panel discusses how Brexit will impact investing and doing business in the UK, access to talent, structuring and financing, and VAT and customs duties. Key points include concerns for US companies with UK subsidiaries, potential issues with talent retention and access due to changes in freedom of movement, and implications for VAT and duties depending on the final deal between the UK and EU. The panel provides analysis to help businesses understand and plan for potential effects of Brexit.
What Can Data Journalists and Digital Researchers Learn from Each Other?Liliana Bounegru
Talk given with Jonathan Gray at the Digital Humanities + Data Journalism Symposium at the University of Miami on 30 September 2016. http://dhdj.com.miami.edu/
The document contains responses from three political candidates - Alan Mak (Conservative), Tim Dawes (Green Party), and Dr Graham Giles (Labour Party) - to four questions:
1) They disagree on whether profit is necessary for good customer service, with Mak saying it helps but pride is also important, Dawes saying various organizations can provide good or bad service, and Giles saying management and accountability are more important than profits.
2) They discuss the implications of voting Lib Dem. Mak focuses on choosing the Conservatives for stability, Dawes says tactical voting makes little difference in this seat, and Giles questions whether the Lib Dems would again support the Conservatives.
3) They have different views
Civics jeopardy unit 7 macro econ and random reviewwphaneuf
This document appears to be a Jeopardy-style game covering topics in civics and economics. It includes categories and clues related to fiscal and monetary policy, economic systems, taxes, global economics, state and local government, and various other topics. The clues are presented in the form of questions covering definitions and key terms in economics and government.
INFOGRAPHIC: EU Referendum – What do UK business leaders feel about the EU?PriceBailey
Business leaders in several UK cities were surveyed about remaining in or leaving the EU. 56% said leaving would have a negative impact on their business, while 29% believed it would have a positive impact. Most thought the general economic conditions in the UK and EU would get worse or stay the same over the next year. When asked about their preferred future relationship with the EU, 64% wanted to remain as currently configured, while 15% favored closer political and economic ties and 11% wanted to leave the EU altogether.
EU Referendum Report - Wayne Wild - March 2016Wayne Wild
“This document is intended to inform
the reader of the facts of the upcoming
EU referendum, to encourage the reader
to understand the issues and challenge
the statements from both sides of the
campaign”
This document summarizes a webinar about the Brexit negotiations and what happens next. It discusses the key points in the UK government's proposal, reactions from both the UK and EU, and possible outcomes. It also covers the challenges of getting any deal approved by UK Parliament. Finally, it addresses implications for charities, including issues around funding, service demand, and workforce impacts in a no-deal scenario.
This webcast covers key changes to importing and trading between the UK and EU from January 1, 2021. It discusses the potential outcomes of ongoing UK-EU negotiations, including a deal, no deal, or extension. In a no deal scenario, WTO rules would apply, resulting in customs declarations, duties, and other restrictions. A free trade agreement could reduce barriers but still require new import and export processes. The presentation reviews changes to UK import tariffs, trade remedies, VAT rules, and other areas that businesses need to prepare for when trading between the UK and EU starting in 2021.
With the recent Brexit developments, there is a sense of uncertainty amongst the investment management industry. This webinar will take a deep dive into the implications of the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union while also highlighting the changes and opportunities that will play out in the industry over the coming months. Gain a better understanding of how Brexit will impact you personally and what you need to do to prepare for the future.
Effects Of Second Hand Vehicles In The Zimbabwean EconomyBeth Johnson
The document discusses trends in export and import price indices in Australia from 2000 to 2015. It notes that while export price indices fluctuated over this period, generally increasing from 54.7 in 2000 to 80.7 in 2015, import price indices were more volatile and generally higher than export prices. Factors influencing these trends included the global financial crisis, changing compositions of imports and exports, and declining demand for raw materials due to economic development. The implications of these price index trends and reasons for changes are analyzed.
The document discusses the implications of Brexit for charities in the UK. It provides updates on key Brexit milestones such as triggering Article 50 and agreeing to an implementation period. It outlines how the Office for Civil Society can help charities understand Brexit impacts. Brexit may affect EU funding for charities, freedom of movement for EU citizens working in the sector, and EU laws and regulations that charities operate under. The future is uncertain but the sector is encouraged to provide views to help shape policies on these issues.
The EU Referendum - what's the big dealWorld First
World First's chief economist, Jeremy Cook, talks about the history of Britain in Europe, the arguments for and against Brexit, and what impact it will have on businesses.
This document provides a draft Brexit plan for Highland Scotland. It begins with a SWOT analysis that identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing Highland Scotland. Key weaknesses include lack of planning for Brexit and reliance on public funding. Opportunities include renewable energy development. Threats include disruption to food/medicine supply chains and loss of EU funding. It then provides a PESTLE analysis examining political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Finally, it outlines various Brexit risks in a risk analysis table with potential effects, probabilities, impacts, and proposed responses from local services.
This document summarizes research on Brexit and the demographics of Leave voters in the 2016 UK referendum on EU membership. It identifies three key groups that supported Leave: (1) left behind working-class voters struggling financially with low education, (2) blue-collar retired voters who were also working-class and low-income but not struggling, and (3) more affluent voters who were less likely to struggle financially. Across these groups, strong concerns about immigration and loss of UK sovereignty and control were primary drivers of supporting Leave over Remain. The document examines public opinion surveys tracking these views and finds Leave voters have largely maintained their positions post-referendum. It concludes by outlining long-term questions facing the UK
Ipsos MORI Captains of Industry Survey 2016Ipsos UK
More than four in five business leaders hope UK voters will vote to “stay” in the forthcoming EU referendum according to a new Ipsos MORI study.
The findings, from “Captains of Industry”, a survey of more than 100 of the most senior figures in top UK companies, show most think continuing EU membership would be best for their business (87%), are personally hoping for a “stay” result in the forthcoming referendum (87%) and would themselves vote to stay in (83%) if there was a referendum tomorrow.
Immigration is one of the key issues which will affect how people vote in the upcoming EU referendum, along with the effect on the economy and Britain’s sovereignty, a new Ipsos MORI study published today finds.
The survey of c.4,000 British adults is the latest in a unique longitudinal study which looks to track how individuals’ views on immigration change over time.
The document discusses three EU directives that will fundamentally change the international tax environment: 1) the Directive on Administrative Cooperation in taxation will increase exchange of information between countries; 2) the 4th Anti-Money Laundering Directive strengthens regulations around beneficial ownership and increases transparency; 3) the Directive on Mandatory Disclosure of aggressive tax planning will require disclosure of potentially abusive tax schemes.
Presentation by David Smith of the Sunday Times at the Single Ply Roofing Association Conference 2019 at Heythrop Park, Oxfordshire.
More information:https://spra.co.uk/events/spra-awards-2019-live-blog/
The document outlines a vision for volunteering that was launched on May 6th 2022. It was a collaborative project involving several non-profit organizations and government support. The vision identifies five key themes: awareness and appreciation, power, equity and inclusion, collaboration, and experimentation. It aims to make volunteering more accessible and enjoyable for all by 2032 through greater collaboration between organizations, empowering volunteers, testing new engagement strategies, and addressing current inequities. People can get involved by sharing commitments on the website to support changes over the next ten years.
This document outlines plans for the NCVO to create a new distributed network to better connect its members. The current centralized model has members connecting only with NCVO, rather than each other. The new vision is for a platform where horizontal relationships are central, members can easily connect and self-organize, and share knowledge to support each other practically and emotionally. This is intended to strengthen civil society impact. The next phase will develop a detailed proposal and funding budget to test assumptions and build understanding and capacity among partners to launch the new network by 2023.
Hollie Banu is a senior manager at a large technology company based in San Francisco. She has over 15 years of experience in product management and business development. Hollie received her MBA from Stanford University and enjoys traveling, cooking, and spending time with her family on weekends.
The document summarizes research from a national survey on volunteering in the UK. It finds that while formal volunteering declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, informal volunteering increased slightly. Willingness to help others is the top motivator for volunteering. However, paid work is a major barrier, and post-pandemic volunteers are experiencing burnout from increased workload and stress during the pandemic. The cost of living crisis may further impact volunteer satisfaction and participation going forward.
This document provides information about undertaking a governance review of a board. It outlines the typical stages of a review including desk research, surveys of skills, diversity and governance, interviews, board observations, and a final report. It then discusses tools that can be used for the review, including the Governance Wheel for self-assessment, a skills audit, and a diversity audit. Potential red flags or issues that may be identified are also mentioned. The document concludes by thanking participants and directing them to return to the main room for an AGM and member event.
This document summarizes the proceedings of a National Volunteering Forum organized by NCVO and AVM. The forum focused on engaging volunteers and paid staff. It included presentations on developing shared principles between volunteers and staff from sector perspectives, as well as case studies from organizations on their approaches. Breakout discussion groups also took place on making decisions around paid and volunteer roles, and challenges faced. The forum concluded with reflections on recognizing, reconnecting and reimagining volunteering in the future, the role of volunteer leadership, and next steps.
A panel discussion considering what the future hold for charities and their governance, and how trustees can support their charities to survive and thrive.
Here we share our progress on updating the Charity Governance Code. Hear from the Code steering group about changes that are being made to the Diversity and Integrity principles following its refresh.
The panel will share some of the proposed changes to the Integrity principle, offering a preview of the updates. They will also reflect on findings from engagement and the extended consultation on enhancements to the Diversity principle. This will be an opportunity for the steering group to share their learning, having listened to a range of experiences. It is also an opportunity to discuss best practice which has been identified through the revision work. Finally, the group will offer an update on next steps on the Code's revision.
We’ve put together this video guide to using the governance wheel to carry out a board effectiveness review. It will be most useful for trustees or staff who are undertaking a board review for their own charity and want to know how best to use the governance wheel to support them in this.
This document provides an introduction and agenda for a webinar on emerging safeguarding risks due to the COVID-19 lockdown. The webinar will discuss safeguarding risks in schools, the workplace, with homeworking, and regarding digital technology and online safety during lockdown. It will also provide an introduction to safeguarding, including definitions of vulnerable people, types of abuse, and special areas of concern. The host has a background in nursing, policing, social services, and currently works as a safeguarding risk consultant. Supporting documents on understanding safeguarding are also referenced.
As the charity sector continues to manage the impact of the pandemic, many charities are facing financial uncertainty. In this context many senior leaders, to ensure their charity’s sustainability, will be considering collaboration and merger. In this webinar, in association with Bates Wells, we aim to answer questions such as: When should a charity in crisis consider merging? What are the alternatives? How can you make the best decision for your organisation? You will also hear about a new online decision-making tool which will help organisations chart the options open to them in a tight financial spot.
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1. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Public Attitudes To Brexit
What ‘Brexit Means Brexit’ Means to Citizens
Dr Thomas J. Leeper
London School of Economics
Joint with Prof Sara Hobolt and Prof James Tilley
20 April 2018
Research funded by ESRC UK in a Changing Europe
2. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
3. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
1 How did we get here?
2 What does the public want?
3 What has changed?
4 Does this mean polarisation?
4. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
1 How did we get here?
2 What does the public want?
3 What has changed?
4 Does this mean polarisation?
5. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Source: Ipsos MORI
6. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
“If there was a referendum on your country’s
membership of the EU, how would you vote?”
Source: YouGov, July 2015
7.
8.
9. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
10.
11. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
12. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
13.
14. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
15.
16. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
17. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
1 How did we get here?
2 What does the public want?
3 What has changed?
4 Does this mean polarisation?
18. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What don’t the polls tell us?
What kind of Brexit does the public support
or oppose?
When forced to choose, which aspects of
the negotiations are prioritised?
19. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Trend in Trade/Immigration Tradeoff
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
20. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Conjoint Analysis
Bundle features of Brexit
Force respondents to choose between
bundles
Revealed preferences emerge from those
choices
Estimate relative importance of features
21. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Differences from Traditional Polling
Advantages
Reduces “cake and eat it” results
Lower social desirability biases
Mimics decision of negotiators/government
Disadvantages
More cognitively complex than traditional
polling
No straightforward “% support” statistics
22. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What goes in the conjoint?
1 Immigration/freedom of movement
2 Jurisdiction of the ECJ
3 Rights of EU (UK) citizens in UK (EU)
4 ‘Divorce bill’
5 Ongoing payments to EU budget
6 Trade agreement
7 Northern Ireland border
8 Timeline for implementation
23. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Implementation
26–27 April 2017
YouGov sample (n=3,293)
Respondents make 5 discrete choices
Effective sample of n=16,465
24. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
25. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
All
−0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
2025
2023
2021
2020
2019
Passport checks but no customs checks
Customs checks but no passport checks
No passport checks and no customs checks
Full passport and customs checks
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
£70 billion
£50 billion
£20 billion
£10 billion
No payment
£1 billion per year for access
£6 billion per year for access
£12 billion per year for access
No contribution and no access
Must apply for leave to remain under the same terms as people from non−EU countries
Must apply for leave to remain under less restrictive terms than people from non−EU countries
Can stay if they continue to work while all others must leave
All can stay indefinitely
All must leave
Britain adopts some EU laws but is not subject to decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to some EU laws and some decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to all EU laws and all decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is not subject to EU laws or decisions by the European Court of Justice
Full control over EU immigration and lower levels of EU immigration than now
Full control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
Some control over EU immigration and lower levels of EU immigration than now
Some control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
No control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
Full control over EU immigration and little to no EU immigration
Estimated AMCE
26. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Leave Remain
−0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 −0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
2025
2023
2021
2020
2019
Passport checks but no customs checks
Customs checks but no passport checks
No passport checks and no customs checks
Full passport and customs checks
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
£70 billion
£50 billion
£20 billion
£10 billion
No payment
£1 billion per year for access
£6 billion per year for access
£12 billion per year for access
No contribution and no access
Must apply for leave to remain under the same terms as people from non−EU countries
Must apply for leave to remain under less restrictive terms than people from non−EU countries
Can stay if they continue to work while all others must leave
All can stay indefinitely
All must leave
Britain adopts some EU laws but is not subject to decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to some EU laws and some decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to all EU laws and all decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is not subject to EU laws or decisions by the European Court of Justice
Full control over EU immigration and lower levels of EU immigration than now
Full control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
Some control over EU immigration and lower levels of EU immigration than now
Some control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
No control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
Full control over EU immigration and little to no EU immigration
Estimated AMCE
Feature
Immigration Controls
Legal Sovereignty
Rights of EU Nationals
Ongoing Budget Payment
One−off Payment
Trade Terms
Ireland/NI Border
Timeline
27. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
28. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
29. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What respects the referendum?
Beyond preferences, what does the public
think would respect the referendum?
“Which option(s) do you think would
respect the result of the referendum?”
Option A would respect the result
Option B would respect the result
Both would respect the result
Neither would respect the result
Don’t know
30. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Leave Remain
−0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 −0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
2025
2023
2021
2020
2019
Passport checks but no customs checks
Customs checks but no passport checks
No passport checks and no customs checks
Full passport and customs checks
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and no tariffs on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services and 5% average tariff on goods
£70 billion
£50 billion
£20 billion
£10 billion
No payment
£1 billion per year for access
£6 billion per year for access
£12 billion per year for access
No contribution and no access
Must apply for leave to remain under the same terms as people from non−EU countries
Must apply for leave to remain under less restrictive terms than people from non−EU countries
Can stay if they continue to work while all others must leave
All can stay indefinitely
All must leave
Britain adopts some EU laws but is not subject to decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to some EU laws and some decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to all EU laws and all decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain is not subject to EU laws or decisions by the European Court of Justice
Full control over EU immigration and lower levels of EU immigration than now
Full control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
Some control over EU immigration and lower levels of EU immigration than now
Some control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
No control over EU immigration and similar levels of EU immigration to now
Full control over EU immigration and little to no EU immigration
Estimated AMCE
Feature
Immigration Controls
Legal Sovereignty
Rights of EU Nationals
Ongoing Budget Payment
One−off Payment
Trade Terms
Ireland/NI Border
Timeline
31. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
1 How did we get here?
2 What does the public want?
3 What has changed?
4 Does this mean polarisation?
32. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
33. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Summarising Trends in One Word
34. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Summarising Trends in One Word
Stability!
35. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Tracking Public Opinion
Polling averages (NatCen)
Custom tracking poll
Apr, Jun, Sep 2017; Jan, Apr 2018
Fielded by YouGov (n=1600 per wave)
Go beyond the standard polling questions
36. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Source: NatCen Social Research (What UK Thinks)
37. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Source: NatCen Social Research (What UK Thinks)
38. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Trend in Right/Wrong
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
39. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Stability! Except...
40. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Source: NatCen Social Research (What UK Thinks)
41. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Trend in Government Performance
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
42. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Source: NatCen Social Research (What UK Thinks)
43. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Open-ended Question
In a few sentences, please describe
below what you think will be the con-
sequences of Britain leaving the Euro-
pean Union.
44. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What Remain Voters Say
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
45. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What Leave Voters Say
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
46. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Trend in Sentiment
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
47. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Perceived Effects of Brexit
Do you think leaving the European Union
will have a positive or negative effect on
Britain?
Do you think leaving the European Union
will have a positive or negative effect on
you personally?
48. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Perceived Effect on Britain
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
49. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Perceived Personal Effect
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
50. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
51. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
52. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
1 How did we get here?
2 What does the public want?
3 What has changed?
4 Does this mean polarisation?
53. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
New Identities?
Since the EU referendum last year,
some people now think of themselves
as ‘Leavers’ and ‘Remainers’, do you
think of yourself as...
A Leaver
A Remainer
Neither
54. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
New Identities?
75% of Leave voters identify as “Leaver”
80% of Remain voters identify as “Remainer”
55% of non-voters identify as neither
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
55. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What Identity Crystallisation Might Mean
56. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What Identity Crystallisation Might Mean
Motivated reasoning
57. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What Identity Crystallisation Might Mean
Motivated reasoning
Prejudice and animus
58. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
What Identity Crystallisation Might Mean
Motivated reasoning
Prejudice and animus
The ability to politicise identities
59. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Out-group animus, already
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
60. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Out-group animus, already
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
61. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Out-group animus, already
Source: Hobolt, Leeper, and Tilley (YouGov)
62. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Prejudice Conjoints
Two conjoints:
1 Choice of BBC Director General
2 Choice of a lodger
Both involve a series of 5 forced choices
between two alternatives
1 BBC (n = 1635 x 5 x 2)
2 Lodger (n = 1669 x 5 x 2)
Vary eight features of each candidate
Measure how much Leave/Remain
discrimination is present
63. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Results: BBC Director General
64. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Leave Remain
−0.2 0.0 0.2 −0.2 0.0 0.2
James
Tom
John
Steve
Chris
Paul
Claire
Sarah
Kate
Becky
Jenny
32 years old
38 years old
44 years old
50 years old
56 years old
62 years old
68 years old
Has never worked for the BBC
Has worked 4 years for the BBC
Has worked 13 years for the BBC
Has worked 21 years for the BBC
Does not have a degree
Has a degree from the University of Manchester
Has a degree from the University of Oxford
Has a PhD from the University of Exeter
Former television producer
Former journalist
Former accountant
Former lawyer
Former civil servant
Didn't support a party at the 2017 election
Supported the Labour Party at the 2017 election
Supported the Conservative Party at the 2017 election
Didn't support a side in the EU referendum
Supported the Remain campaign in the EU referendum
Supported the Leave campaign in the EU referendum
Estimated AMCE
Feature
name
age
experience
degree
occupation
party
eu
65. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Results: Lodger
66. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Leave Remain
−0.2 0.0 0.2 −0.2 0.0 0.2
James
Tom
John
Steve
Chris
Paul
Claire
Sarah
Kate
Becky
Jenny
19 years old
23 years old
27 years old
31 years old
35 years old
39 years old
44 years old
Full−time student
Works in the public sector
Works for a private company
Self−employed
Likes watching rugby
Likes watching football
Likes playing videogames
Likes playing guitar
Likes cooking
Helps out at the local Catholic church
Helps out at the local Anglican church
Volunteers at an Oxfam shop
Coaches an under−12 football team
Doesn’t do any voluntary work
Didn't support a party at the 2017 election
Supported the Labour Party at the 2017 election
Supported the Conservative Party at the 2017 election
Didn't support a side in the EU referendum
Supported the Remain campaign in the EU referendum
Supported the Leave campaign in the EU referendum
Estimated AMCE
Feature
name
age
occupation
hobby
volunteer
party
eu
67. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Conclusions
68. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Conclusions
Opinion stability and little regret
69. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Conclusions
Opinion stability and little regret
Only a few key differences in views
between Leave and Remain voters
70. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Conclusions
Opinion stability and little regret
Only a few key differences in views
between Leave and Remain voters
“Brexit identities” may become defining
feature of British politics
71. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Conclusions
Opinion stability and little regret
Only a few key differences in views
between Leave and Remain voters
“Brexit identities” may become defining
feature of British politics
What does this mean for the government
and negotiations?
72. How did we get here? What does the public want? What has changed? Polarisation? Conclusions
Source: NatCen Social Research (What UK Thinks)
73.
74. Features: Immigration
Full control over EU immigration and little to no EU
immigration
No control over EU immigration and similar levels of
EU immigration to now
Some control over EU immigration and similar levels
of EU immigration to now
Some control over EU immigration and lower levels
of EU immigration than now
Full control over EU immigration and similar levels of
EU immigration to now
Full control over EU immigration and lower levels of
EU immigration than now
75. Features: EU Law/ECJ
Britain is not subject to EU laws or decisions by the
European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to all EU laws and all decisions by
the European Court of Justice
Britain is subject to some EU laws and some
decisions by the European Court of Justice
Britain adopts some EU laws but is not subject to
decisions by the European Court of Justice
76. Features: EU/UK Citizen Rights
All must leave
All can stay indefinitely
Can stay if they continue to work while all others
must leave
Must apply for leave to remain under less restrictive
terms than people from non-EU countries
Must apply for leave to remain under the same
terms as people from non-EU countries
77. Features: Future Payments
No contribution and no access
£12 billion per year for access
£6 billion per year for access
£1 billion per year for access
79. Features: Trade
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and 5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and no tariffs on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Few administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and 5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and no tariffs on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and 2.5% average tariff on goods
Some administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and 5% average tariff on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and no tariffs on goods
Many administrative barriers to trade in goods and services
and 2.5% average tariff on goods
80. Features: Ireland/NI Border
Full passport and customs checks
No passport checks and no customs checks
Customs checks but no passport checks
Passport checks but no customs checks