3. The scientific study of behavior and
mental processes and how they are
affected by an organism’s physical,
state, mental state, and external
environment.

4. What is psychology ?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
and how they are affected by an organism’s physical,
state, mental state, and external environment.
• Scientific study requires several things:
1.Theoretical framework
2.Testable Hypotheses
3.Empirical evidence

5. What is psychology ?
The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes and how they are affected by an
organism’s physical, state, mental state, and
external environment.
•Behavior and mental processes include
overt, observable instances but also include
subtle kinds of instances, like brain activity.

6. What is psychology ?
The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes and how they are affected by an
organism’s physical state, mental state, and
external environment .
•Humans and may other creatures
included in the scientific study of behavior
and mental processes .

7. What is psychology ?
The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes and how they are affected by an
organism’s physical state, mental state, and
external environment .
•Physical state relates primarily to the
organism’s biology - most especially the
state of the brain and central nervous
system

8. What is psychology ?
The scientific study of behavior and
mental processes and how they are
affected by an organism’s physical state,
mental state, and external environment .
•Mental state does not have to be
conscious - can study mental states in
many creatures without their conscious
awareness - and can be studied in terms of
brain activity.

9. What is psychology ?
The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes and how they are affected by an
organism’s physical state, mental state, and
external environment .
•All organisms function in an environment
that is constantly presenting them with
problems and challenges that must be
solved.

10. Father of Psychology
Born Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt
16 August 1832
Neckarau near Mannheim, Grand
Duchy of Baden, German
Confederation
Died 31 August 1920 (aged 88)
Großbothen near Leipzig,Germany[1]
Residence Germany
Nationality German
Fields Experimental psychology,Physiology
Institutions University of Leipzig
Alma mater University of Heidelberg
Doctoral students Edward B. Titchener, G. Stanley
Hall, Oswald Külpe, Hugo
Münsterberg, Vladimir
Bekhterev,James McKeen
Cattell, Lightner Witmer[2]
Known for Psychology, Voluntarism
Influences Gustav Fechner
Influenced Emil Kraepelin

11. Psychology Is Born
First Experimental Psych Lab (1879)
Focuses on the scientific
study of the mind.
Wilhelm Wundt insists that
Psych methods be as
Wilhelm Wundt
(1832-1920) rigorous
as the methods of
chemistry & physics.

13. 5 . Wundt was important because he separated
psychology from philosophy by analyzing the
workings of the mind in a more structured way, with
the emphasis being on objective measurement and
control.
6 . Wundt's aim was to record thoughts and
sensations, and to analyze them into their constituent
elements, in much the same way as chemist analyses
chemical compounds, in order to get at the underlying
structure. For this reason, the school of psychology
founded by Wundt is known as structuralism.

14. 7 . Wundt believed in reductionism. That is he believed
consciousness could be broken down (or reduced) to
its basic elements without sacrificing any of the
properties of the whole.
8 . His greatest contribution was to show that
psychology could be a valid experimental science.
9 . Wundt contributed to the development of
psychology was to do his research in carefully
controlled conditions, i.e. experimental methods.

15. 10 . Wundt concentrated on three areas of mental
functioning; thoughts, images and feelings. These
are the basic areas studied today in cognitive
psychology. This means that the study of perceptual
processes can be traced back to Wundt.
11 . On the basis of his work, and the influence it
had on psychologists who were to follow
him, Wundt can be regarded as the founder of
experimental psychology, so securing his place in
the history of psychology.

16. What is Scientific
Thinking ?
1. Critical thinking - assess claims on the basis of
well-supported reasons and evidence - not on
emotional or anecdotal reasoning.
2. Involves asking questions - one of the most
important is, “WHY?”
3. Involves defining terms - must be clear and
concrete .

17. What is Scientific
Thinking ?
4. Involves examining evidence - “Let me
have my opinion!” doesn’t count .
5. Involves analyzing assumptions and biases
- scientific thinkers do not take anything as
proven fact and work hard to overcome their
own biases in thinking

18. What is Scientific
Thinking ?
6. Involves avoiding emotional reasoning -
do not let gut feelings replace clear thinking -
emotional conviction does not settle
arguments .
7. Involves avoiding oversimplification - the
obvious answer is often wrong and
misleading - do not argue based on own
anecdotal evidence

19. What is Scientific
Thinking ?
8. Involves consideration of other interpretations -
the best interpretations are supported by the
most evidence and explain the most variables .
9. Involves tolerating uncertainty - sometimes
evidence is unclear or does not even exist .
10. Involves asking questions that can be tested in
this world .

20. PRESENTED BY :
SAVIJ JAIN(2010)
RAHUL SHARMA (2042)
AMAN BANSAL (2066)
MAYANKA SINHA (2017)