This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document includes a student's journal entries summarizing their experiences with social phenomena discussed in their social psychology course. The first entry describes an experience with social loafing in a group project where one member's lack of effort negatively impacted the group's performance. The second entry discusses how the student engaged in BIRGing by associating themselves with the success of their favorite K-Pop girl group to boost their self-esteem.
1. The document summarizes entries from a student's journal on topics in social psychology.
2. One entry discusses how the student's sister's performance in track competitions improved due to social facilitation from audiences, though this effect does not always occur such as during oral presentations.
3. Another entry describes how the student's intrinsic motivation for drawing developed from initial extrinsic motivation to represent their class in an art competition.
4. Stereotyping is discussed as a cause of racism in Malaysia, with examples of teachers making assumptions about student abilities and athletic skills based on their race.
5. The concept of self-fulfilling prophecies is explained through the student reflecting on how their own thoughts and expectations affected their
The document discusses social psychology concepts including social loafing, social facilitation, stereotyping, confirmation bias, first impressions, and the halo effect. It provides examples from the author's personal experiences to illustrate each concept. The author describes encountering social loafing among group project members in high school, feeling more motivated to perform when competing with a cousin, and overcoming preexisting stereotypes about Malays through interactions during national service.
1) The document is a journal entry from a student named Joey Lau Xin Jun discussing several topics related to social psychology, including social loafing, motivation, and stereotypes.
2) It describes an experiment on social loafing where individuals exert less effort on collective tasks than individual tasks. It also discusses how social loafing can negatively impact both group productivity and individual satisfaction.
3) Examples of personal experiences that motivated the student are described, such as overcoming obstacles in school and during athletic competitions. Definitions of motivation and how it relates to behavior are provided.
4) Stereotypes are defined as fixed ways of thinking about people in categories, which can oversimplify differences between individuals. Both
The document discusses the author's views on leadership and their goals for improving leadership skills. It begins by defining leadership as a process that occurs in groups where an individual influences others to achieve common goals. The author believes leadership is important for their role as a college gymnast and in future careers. They analyze their strengths and weaknesses using a color spectrum, identifying their top colors as gold, orange, and green, and their lowest as blue. The author outlines three SMART goals and action steps to improve communication skills, leadership/management, and teamwork. The overall summary is to define leadership, analyze strengths and weaknesses, and develop a plan to improve skills and become a stronger leader.
This document summarizes steps for achieving good human relationships through social transformation. It outlines three key steps: 1) Focus observation on positive qualities in others rather than negatives. We become what we observe; 2) Generously appreciate others and their good qualities. Critique constructively rather than criticize; 3) Act as a "good news reporter" by sharing and discussing positive news and events to spread happiness. These steps can help inspire and interact with people positively to develop strong relationships.
EE Yun Shan's journals document key concepts in social psychology learned from their Social Psychology course. The concepts discussed include social loafing, where individuals put in less effort working in a group than alone; self-serving bias, where people attribute successes internally but blame failures on external factors; self-fulfilling prophecy, where expectations shape outcomes; confirmation bias, preferring information confirming one's beliefs; and observational learning, where behavior is learned through observing others. Examples are provided for each concept.
1) The document is a series of journal entries by a student named Tan You Liang discussing various topics in social psychology, including social influences, self-efficacy, counterfactual thinking, self-fulfilling prophecy, and observational learning.
2) In the first entry, Tan describes how he was influenced by his friends in high school to engage in problematic behavior but then changed his ways after meeting new friends in university.
3) The second entry discusses how Tan's self-efficacy and belief in himself improved after joining the basketball team and receiving encouragement from his teammates.
This document summarizes an individual journal submitted by Syed Aswad Al Jaffree bin Syed Sobri for a social psychology course. It discusses several topics in 3-4 paragraphs each, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the halo effect cognitive bias, social facilitation and social loafing, altruistic and egoistic models of helping behavior, and stereotyping and discrimination. For each topic, the student provides a personal example from their own experiences to illustrate their understanding of the key concepts.
1. The document summarizes entries from a student's journal on topics in social psychology.
2. One entry discusses how the student's sister's performance in track competitions improved due to social facilitation from audiences, though this effect does not always occur such as during oral presentations.
3. Another entry describes how the student's intrinsic motivation for drawing developed from initial extrinsic motivation to represent their class in an art competition.
4. Stereotyping is discussed as a cause of racism in Malaysia, with examples of teachers making assumptions about student abilities and athletic skills based on their race.
5. The concept of self-fulfilling prophecies is explained through the student reflecting on how their own thoughts and expectations affected their
The document discusses social psychology concepts including social loafing, social facilitation, stereotyping, confirmation bias, first impressions, and the halo effect. It provides examples from the author's personal experiences to illustrate each concept. The author describes encountering social loafing among group project members in high school, feeling more motivated to perform when competing with a cousin, and overcoming preexisting stereotypes about Malays through interactions during national service.
1) The document is a journal entry from a student named Joey Lau Xin Jun discussing several topics related to social psychology, including social loafing, motivation, and stereotypes.
2) It describes an experiment on social loafing where individuals exert less effort on collective tasks than individual tasks. It also discusses how social loafing can negatively impact both group productivity and individual satisfaction.
3) Examples of personal experiences that motivated the student are described, such as overcoming obstacles in school and during athletic competitions. Definitions of motivation and how it relates to behavior are provided.
4) Stereotypes are defined as fixed ways of thinking about people in categories, which can oversimplify differences between individuals. Both
The document discusses the author's views on leadership and their goals for improving leadership skills. It begins by defining leadership as a process that occurs in groups where an individual influences others to achieve common goals. The author believes leadership is important for their role as a college gymnast and in future careers. They analyze their strengths and weaknesses using a color spectrum, identifying their top colors as gold, orange, and green, and their lowest as blue. The author outlines three SMART goals and action steps to improve communication skills, leadership/management, and teamwork. The overall summary is to define leadership, analyze strengths and weaknesses, and develop a plan to improve skills and become a stronger leader.
This document summarizes steps for achieving good human relationships through social transformation. It outlines three key steps: 1) Focus observation on positive qualities in others rather than negatives. We become what we observe; 2) Generously appreciate others and their good qualities. Critique constructively rather than criticize; 3) Act as a "good news reporter" by sharing and discussing positive news and events to spread happiness. These steps can help inspire and interact with people positively to develop strong relationships.
EE Yun Shan's journals document key concepts in social psychology learned from their Social Psychology course. The concepts discussed include social loafing, where individuals put in less effort working in a group than alone; self-serving bias, where people attribute successes internally but blame failures on external factors; self-fulfilling prophecy, where expectations shape outcomes; confirmation bias, preferring information confirming one's beliefs; and observational learning, where behavior is learned through observing others. Examples are provided for each concept.
1) The document is a series of journal entries by a student named Tan You Liang discussing various topics in social psychology, including social influences, self-efficacy, counterfactual thinking, self-fulfilling prophecy, and observational learning.
2) In the first entry, Tan describes how he was influenced by his friends in high school to engage in problematic behavior but then changed his ways after meeting new friends in university.
3) The second entry discusses how Tan's self-efficacy and belief in himself improved after joining the basketball team and receiving encouragement from his teammates.
This document summarizes an individual journal submitted by Syed Aswad Al Jaffree bin Syed Sobri for a social psychology course. It discusses several topics in 3-4 paragraphs each, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the halo effect cognitive bias, social facilitation and social loafing, altruistic and egoistic models of helping behavior, and stereotyping and discrimination. For each topic, the student provides a personal example from their own experiences to illustrate their understanding of the key concepts.
This document summarizes a group project assignment for a Social Psychology course. The group was assigned to create a comic applying 5 concepts from different chapters and a video applying 5 different concepts. For the comic, they created a story titled "Father and Son Business" applying the concepts of observational learning, stereotyping, social loafing, self-serving bias, and motivation. For the video titled "Fight to Be a Manager", they applied the concepts of social facilitation, Fritz Heider's balance theory, sexism, cognitive capacity, and birging. The document provides details on the methodology, participants, and an evaluation of how the concepts were applied in each story.
This document summarizes 5 concepts from psychology used in a comic presentation: Stereotyping assumes all group members share traits; Social loafing is reduced effort in groups where individual contributions aren't clear; Self-serving attribution credits internal causes for success but external causes for failure; Motivation from enjoyment leads to engagement; Observational learning is repeating behaviors after observing others.
The document provides information about different types of logical fallacies, including fallacies of relevance and fallacies of insufficient evidence. It defines what a fallacy is, and categorizes them into two types - fallacies of relevance and fallacies of insufficient evidence. For fallacies of relevance, it gives examples and explanations of different types like personal attack, attacking the motive, look who's talking, two wrongs make a right, scare tactics, appeal to emotion, bandwagon argument, straw man, red herring, equivocation, and begging the question. For fallacies of insufficient evidence, it discusses false authority, appeal to ignorance, false dilemma, loaded question, false cause, hasty generalization, slippery slope, weak analogy
The document outlines the design process from inception to completion. It discusses the following key stages:
1. Site inventory, analysis and synthesis which involves gathering data, evaluating it and developing design solutions.
2. Developing ideas through techniques like bubble diagrams, conceptual plans and schematic designs to relate functional spaces and incorporate site conditions.
3. Refining the design through form composition studies that apply visual order and organization approaches like rectilinear, radial or curvilinear forms.
4. Establishing an overarching design concept or theme to provide uniqueness and inspiration, such as a Malay, Japanese or contemporary garden style.
1) The document outlines concepts from social psychology including social facilitation, sexism, Fritz Heider's balance theory, cognitive capacity, and birging.
2) It describes scenes applying these concepts, such as one where two students perform better on a task when being watched, and another where a male student believes men are inherently better at business than women.
3) A final scene shows members of one group feeling proud and taking credit for their leader's promotion to manager due to the concept of birging.
This document is a student's journal entries for a social psychology course. The first entry discusses the student's experience with negative social influence from excessive TV watching as a child and how it impacted their health and academics. The second entry provides examples of social facilitation and social loafing from the student's group projects in foundation studies, noting how performance improved or worsened depending on being observed or working alone/loafing as a group. The third entry defines social perspective as how people understand others based on appearance, communication, and discusses main social psychology perspectives.
The document is a student's journal assignment on social psychology topics. It includes three entries discussing social facilitation, basking in reflected glory (BIRGing), and counterfactual thinking. The first entry describes how the presence of others can improve performance on easy tasks but inhibit performance on difficult tasks. It provides an example of how the student performed better at volleyball during their first game due to social facilitation. The second entry explains BIRGing, where people feel good by associating with successful individuals. It discusses how the student engaged in BIRGing by identifying with the singer Adele due to sharing the same name. The third entry defines counterfactual thinking as imagining different outcomes for past events and wishing things had happened
1. The document discusses two theories of social psychology: social facilitation and social loafing.
2. Social facilitation occurs when individuals perform better in competitive situations where their efforts can be identified. In contrast, social loafing occurs when individuals put in less effort on tasks where their individual contributions cannot be identified.
3. The author provides an example of experiencing both theories when working on a group project. Competition with other groups led to increased effort, while some group members loafed knowing others would make up for their lack of contribution.
Social psychology assignment 1 (journal entries)Nge Chen
This document contains four journal entries by a student about topics in social psychology. The first entry discusses social facilitation and provides examples of co-action and audience effects from the student's personal experiences working on a group project and playing basketball. The second entry discusses intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, providing the student's story of losing weight for both intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. The third entry discusses heuristics and provides examples of availability and representativeness heuristics from the student's experiences deciding on transportation for a trip and making judgments of others. The fourth entry discusses attribution and types of attribution errors like self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error.
This document is an entry from a student's journal in a social psychology class. It discusses the phenomenon of social loafing, where people put in less effort on tasks when working in a group compared to individually. The student describes experiencing social loafing firsthand in group projects, where some group members would not contribute or attend meetings. The student learned that social loafing is common in group work settings, where individual contributions are hard to identify. The size of the group also influences social loafing, with less effort seen in larger groups where individual work is less noticeable.
The document is a social psychology journal assignment submitted by Ng Wyn Jane. It summarizes key concepts from 5 lectures on social psychology, including social facilitation, social loafing, social learning perspective, motivation, self-efficacy, counterfactual thinking, optimistic bias, and operant conditioning. Specific examples from the author's experiences are provided to illustrate each concept.
Personal Reflection On Group Work
Evaluation Of Group Work : Evaluation
Post-Group Evaluation Design
Racial Out-Group Evaluation
Group Reflection Report
Group Evaluation Essay
Example Of A Group Proposal
Essay on Self Evaluation on Group Discussion
Group Performance Assessment
Group Facilitation Self-Evaluation
Group Analysis Essay
Pre-Group Evaluation Research Paper
Teamwork Essay
Group Evaluation Essay On The Embalming Process
Critical Analysis of Group Work Essay example
Group Evaluation Board Games
Evaluating Group Performance
Group Assessment
Bully Survival Support Group Evaluation Paper
This document contains a student's journal entries for a social psychology course. The journal entries discuss the topics of:
1) Social loafing, where people put in less effort working in a group than individually. The student provides personal examples of experiencing social loafing while carrying bamboo in school and during group assignments.
2) Self-schema, which are beliefs and memories people hold about themselves that influence how they think, feel and act. The student discusses how their own self-schema changed from sociable to shy to sociable again over time based on different experiences.
3) Counterfactual thinking, which is imagining alternative outcomes to events and wondering how things might have turned out differently.
Ling Sue Er submitted a journal entry summarizing her thoughts on post-decision dissonance. She describes how people often question their decisions after making a choice between equal options. As an example, she discusses her own decision to study Quantity Surveying at Taylor University and the doubts she had, but now feels happy with her choice looking back.
Confirmation bias is the tendency for people to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs or hypotheses. This can lead individuals to ignore contradictory evidence or facts. The document provides examples of how confirmation bias can negatively impact decision making and relationships when people refuse to consider alternative perspectives presented by others. It also discusses how intrinsic motivation and persuasion can be used positively to encourage healthy behavior changes in friends.
This document contains a student's journal entries for a social psychology course. The entries discuss various concepts from the course, including self-serving bias, motivation, attitude formation, social facilitation, and social loafing. The student provides personal examples for each concept, such as blaming teammates for failures but taking credit for successes (self-serving bias), being motivated to finish assignments early for relaxation rather than rewards (motivation), helping a friend in need based on feelings of worry and a desire to be caring (attitude formation), feeling more engaged when with a girlfriend due to social facilitation, and feeling like they contributed less to group projects when others were absent (social loafing).
- The document appears to be journal entries from a student's social psychology class.
- In the first entry, the student discusses how their performance improves in group settings due to social facilitation and social loafing effects. They work harder in groups but become lazy working alone.
- In subsequent entries, the student explores how self-serving biases, self-fulfilling prophecies, and confirmation bias influence their own behaviors and perceptions. They take credit for success but blame outside factors for failures. They also discuss striving to fulfill others' high expectations of them.
- Lim Zia Huei kept journals on social psychology concepts from her class, including social facilitation, social loafing, self-serving biases, self-fulfilling prophecy, and operant conditioning.
- For social facilitation, she found she works harder in groups when others can see her efforts. For social loafing, some group members were lazy when individual efforts couldn't be identified.
- She exhibited self-serving biases by taking credit for successes and blaming outside factors for failures. High expectations from others led her to fulfill the self-fulfilling prophecy of getting good grades.
- Her mother used operant conditioning principles of rewards and punishments to motivate her and her brother to study hard
- The document appears to be journal entries from a student's social psychology class.
- In the first entry, the student discusses how their performance improves in group settings due to social facilitation and social loafing effects. They work harder in groups but become lazy working alone.
- In subsequent entries, the student explores how self-serving biases, self-fulfilling prophecies, and confirmation bias influence their own behaviors and perceptions. They take credit for success but blame outside factors for failures. Having high expectations placed on them has motivated the student to fulfill those expectations.
This document contains Muhammad Sheik Irfaan Yadun's submission for his Social Psychology course. It includes summaries of chapters on social facilitation, social loafing, social cognition and social learning perspectives, and impression management. For his assignment, Muhammad analyzed how concepts from the course relate to his past experiences. He discussed how being in a group motivated him to perform better, but that individual contributions could not always be identified. He also explored how observing others can influence one's own behaviors and manners.
Respond to Tiffany and Jason. Work to expand the discussion by contr.docxcwilliam4
Respond to Tiffany and Jason. Work to expand the discussion by contributing unique, relevant content (personal/professional experiences or examples) or by expanding and adding depth to the thoughts and ideas shared by your peers (presenting different strategies in the book, or new ideas and thoughts, or similar personal/professional experiences to connect with). Per the rubric criteria, responses should be relevant and meaningful as they relate to the topics presented in the discussion.
Tiffany post
What Mr. Paul LeBlanc said in the end..."the pressure of being urgent." ultimately defines the difference. In my opinion, I believe any person can be productive without rushing, in fact, we sometimes may be even more productive when we take our time with things.
Personally, I find myself to be most productive when I am busy (what a contradiction) because I love to multi-task. Working at a fast pace, taking control, and organization are things that I am best at. Partially because I am a very on demand person, whereas assignments that are systematic and finely tuned are extremely tedious for me.
But then there's just plain Busy, no productivity, no team work, no air to come up and breathe... jokingly... is another overwhelming feeling, when all you can say at the end is "what a day!", and finally remember everything you forgot to complete for the day on your drive back home. Adding those task on your list of things to do for tomorrow. That's Unproductive Busy.
As a student I believe I will incorporate the Time Management Matrix into my life. I feel like I can use this Matrix on a weekly basis, because like Mr. Greg Fowler said "Life is like a shark..." and when I'm not moving forward I feel stuck, but I would also enjoy some tools that will help me become better organizer.
Jason post
Everyone has their way of feeling productive. I believe I am most productive when I can have enough time to complete something meaningful. Productive versus busy is just that when I am productive, something good is being produced from work. Staying busy or engaged to me is just making time go by in a way where work is not accomplished and maybe a distraction. There is a difference between being busy and productive because business is a time taker, and productivity is performing a task with a sense of accomplishment. I am prioritizing my health issues with academics to finish my degree in a somewhat manageable time. School and my health are really what are important to me right now. Paul LeBlanc just described the difference between staying busy and productive, and it makes sense.
Please be sure to ask Malinda and Lori questions and comment on your peers' responses, especially on those who did not select the same approach as you did. Be sure to respond to their questions and comments regarding your own response.
Malinda post
I really like existential therapy because I feel it is more philosophical and tries to get the client in tuned with finding o.
This document summarizes a group project assignment for a Social Psychology course. The group was assigned to create a comic applying 5 concepts from different chapters and a video applying 5 different concepts. For the comic, they created a story titled "Father and Son Business" applying the concepts of observational learning, stereotyping, social loafing, self-serving bias, and motivation. For the video titled "Fight to Be a Manager", they applied the concepts of social facilitation, Fritz Heider's balance theory, sexism, cognitive capacity, and birging. The document provides details on the methodology, participants, and an evaluation of how the concepts were applied in each story.
This document summarizes 5 concepts from psychology used in a comic presentation: Stereotyping assumes all group members share traits; Social loafing is reduced effort in groups where individual contributions aren't clear; Self-serving attribution credits internal causes for success but external causes for failure; Motivation from enjoyment leads to engagement; Observational learning is repeating behaviors after observing others.
The document provides information about different types of logical fallacies, including fallacies of relevance and fallacies of insufficient evidence. It defines what a fallacy is, and categorizes them into two types - fallacies of relevance and fallacies of insufficient evidence. For fallacies of relevance, it gives examples and explanations of different types like personal attack, attacking the motive, look who's talking, two wrongs make a right, scare tactics, appeal to emotion, bandwagon argument, straw man, red herring, equivocation, and begging the question. For fallacies of insufficient evidence, it discusses false authority, appeal to ignorance, false dilemma, loaded question, false cause, hasty generalization, slippery slope, weak analogy
The document outlines the design process from inception to completion. It discusses the following key stages:
1. Site inventory, analysis and synthesis which involves gathering data, evaluating it and developing design solutions.
2. Developing ideas through techniques like bubble diagrams, conceptual plans and schematic designs to relate functional spaces and incorporate site conditions.
3. Refining the design through form composition studies that apply visual order and organization approaches like rectilinear, radial or curvilinear forms.
4. Establishing an overarching design concept or theme to provide uniqueness and inspiration, such as a Malay, Japanese or contemporary garden style.
1) The document outlines concepts from social psychology including social facilitation, sexism, Fritz Heider's balance theory, cognitive capacity, and birging.
2) It describes scenes applying these concepts, such as one where two students perform better on a task when being watched, and another where a male student believes men are inherently better at business than women.
3) A final scene shows members of one group feeling proud and taking credit for their leader's promotion to manager due to the concept of birging.
This document is a student's journal entries for a social psychology course. The first entry discusses the student's experience with negative social influence from excessive TV watching as a child and how it impacted their health and academics. The second entry provides examples of social facilitation and social loafing from the student's group projects in foundation studies, noting how performance improved or worsened depending on being observed or working alone/loafing as a group. The third entry defines social perspective as how people understand others based on appearance, communication, and discusses main social psychology perspectives.
The document is a student's journal assignment on social psychology topics. It includes three entries discussing social facilitation, basking in reflected glory (BIRGing), and counterfactual thinking. The first entry describes how the presence of others can improve performance on easy tasks but inhibit performance on difficult tasks. It provides an example of how the student performed better at volleyball during their first game due to social facilitation. The second entry explains BIRGing, where people feel good by associating with successful individuals. It discusses how the student engaged in BIRGing by identifying with the singer Adele due to sharing the same name. The third entry defines counterfactual thinking as imagining different outcomes for past events and wishing things had happened
1. The document discusses two theories of social psychology: social facilitation and social loafing.
2. Social facilitation occurs when individuals perform better in competitive situations where their efforts can be identified. In contrast, social loafing occurs when individuals put in less effort on tasks where their individual contributions cannot be identified.
3. The author provides an example of experiencing both theories when working on a group project. Competition with other groups led to increased effort, while some group members loafed knowing others would make up for their lack of contribution.
Social psychology assignment 1 (journal entries)Nge Chen
This document contains four journal entries by a student about topics in social psychology. The first entry discusses social facilitation and provides examples of co-action and audience effects from the student's personal experiences working on a group project and playing basketball. The second entry discusses intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, providing the student's story of losing weight for both intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. The third entry discusses heuristics and provides examples of availability and representativeness heuristics from the student's experiences deciding on transportation for a trip and making judgments of others. The fourth entry discusses attribution and types of attribution errors like self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error.
This document is an entry from a student's journal in a social psychology class. It discusses the phenomenon of social loafing, where people put in less effort on tasks when working in a group compared to individually. The student describes experiencing social loafing firsthand in group projects, where some group members would not contribute or attend meetings. The student learned that social loafing is common in group work settings, where individual contributions are hard to identify. The size of the group also influences social loafing, with less effort seen in larger groups where individual work is less noticeable.
The document is a social psychology journal assignment submitted by Ng Wyn Jane. It summarizes key concepts from 5 lectures on social psychology, including social facilitation, social loafing, social learning perspective, motivation, self-efficacy, counterfactual thinking, optimistic bias, and operant conditioning. Specific examples from the author's experiences are provided to illustrate each concept.
Personal Reflection On Group Work
Evaluation Of Group Work : Evaluation
Post-Group Evaluation Design
Racial Out-Group Evaluation
Group Reflection Report
Group Evaluation Essay
Example Of A Group Proposal
Essay on Self Evaluation on Group Discussion
Group Performance Assessment
Group Facilitation Self-Evaluation
Group Analysis Essay
Pre-Group Evaluation Research Paper
Teamwork Essay
Group Evaluation Essay On The Embalming Process
Critical Analysis of Group Work Essay example
Group Evaluation Board Games
Evaluating Group Performance
Group Assessment
Bully Survival Support Group Evaluation Paper
This document contains a student's journal entries for a social psychology course. The journal entries discuss the topics of:
1) Social loafing, where people put in less effort working in a group than individually. The student provides personal examples of experiencing social loafing while carrying bamboo in school and during group assignments.
2) Self-schema, which are beliefs and memories people hold about themselves that influence how they think, feel and act. The student discusses how their own self-schema changed from sociable to shy to sociable again over time based on different experiences.
3) Counterfactual thinking, which is imagining alternative outcomes to events and wondering how things might have turned out differently.
Ling Sue Er submitted a journal entry summarizing her thoughts on post-decision dissonance. She describes how people often question their decisions after making a choice between equal options. As an example, she discusses her own decision to study Quantity Surveying at Taylor University and the doubts she had, but now feels happy with her choice looking back.
Confirmation bias is the tendency for people to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs or hypotheses. This can lead individuals to ignore contradictory evidence or facts. The document provides examples of how confirmation bias can negatively impact decision making and relationships when people refuse to consider alternative perspectives presented by others. It also discusses how intrinsic motivation and persuasion can be used positively to encourage healthy behavior changes in friends.
This document contains a student's journal entries for a social psychology course. The entries discuss various concepts from the course, including self-serving bias, motivation, attitude formation, social facilitation, and social loafing. The student provides personal examples for each concept, such as blaming teammates for failures but taking credit for successes (self-serving bias), being motivated to finish assignments early for relaxation rather than rewards (motivation), helping a friend in need based on feelings of worry and a desire to be caring (attitude formation), feeling more engaged when with a girlfriend due to social facilitation, and feeling like they contributed less to group projects when others were absent (social loafing).
- The document appears to be journal entries from a student's social psychology class.
- In the first entry, the student discusses how their performance improves in group settings due to social facilitation and social loafing effects. They work harder in groups but become lazy working alone.
- In subsequent entries, the student explores how self-serving biases, self-fulfilling prophecies, and confirmation bias influence their own behaviors and perceptions. They take credit for success but blame outside factors for failures. They also discuss striving to fulfill others' high expectations of them.
- Lim Zia Huei kept journals on social psychology concepts from her class, including social facilitation, social loafing, self-serving biases, self-fulfilling prophecy, and operant conditioning.
- For social facilitation, she found she works harder in groups when others can see her efforts. For social loafing, some group members were lazy when individual efforts couldn't be identified.
- She exhibited self-serving biases by taking credit for successes and blaming outside factors for failures. High expectations from others led her to fulfill the self-fulfilling prophecy of getting good grades.
- Her mother used operant conditioning principles of rewards and punishments to motivate her and her brother to study hard
- The document appears to be journal entries from a student's social psychology class.
- In the first entry, the student discusses how their performance improves in group settings due to social facilitation and social loafing effects. They work harder in groups but become lazy working alone.
- In subsequent entries, the student explores how self-serving biases, self-fulfilling prophecies, and confirmation bias influence their own behaviors and perceptions. They take credit for success but blame outside factors for failures. Having high expectations placed on them has motivated the student to fulfill those expectations.
This document contains Muhammad Sheik Irfaan Yadun's submission for his Social Psychology course. It includes summaries of chapters on social facilitation, social loafing, social cognition and social learning perspectives, and impression management. For his assignment, Muhammad analyzed how concepts from the course relate to his past experiences. He discussed how being in a group motivated him to perform better, but that individual contributions could not always be identified. He also explored how observing others can influence one's own behaviors and manners.
Respond to Tiffany and Jason. Work to expand the discussion by contr.docxcwilliam4
Respond to Tiffany and Jason. Work to expand the discussion by contributing unique, relevant content (personal/professional experiences or examples) or by expanding and adding depth to the thoughts and ideas shared by your peers (presenting different strategies in the book, or new ideas and thoughts, or similar personal/professional experiences to connect with). Per the rubric criteria, responses should be relevant and meaningful as they relate to the topics presented in the discussion.
Tiffany post
What Mr. Paul LeBlanc said in the end..."the pressure of being urgent." ultimately defines the difference. In my opinion, I believe any person can be productive without rushing, in fact, we sometimes may be even more productive when we take our time with things.
Personally, I find myself to be most productive when I am busy (what a contradiction) because I love to multi-task. Working at a fast pace, taking control, and organization are things that I am best at. Partially because I am a very on demand person, whereas assignments that are systematic and finely tuned are extremely tedious for me.
But then there's just plain Busy, no productivity, no team work, no air to come up and breathe... jokingly... is another overwhelming feeling, when all you can say at the end is "what a day!", and finally remember everything you forgot to complete for the day on your drive back home. Adding those task on your list of things to do for tomorrow. That's Unproductive Busy.
As a student I believe I will incorporate the Time Management Matrix into my life. I feel like I can use this Matrix on a weekly basis, because like Mr. Greg Fowler said "Life is like a shark..." and when I'm not moving forward I feel stuck, but I would also enjoy some tools that will help me become better organizer.
Jason post
Everyone has their way of feeling productive. I believe I am most productive when I can have enough time to complete something meaningful. Productive versus busy is just that when I am productive, something good is being produced from work. Staying busy or engaged to me is just making time go by in a way where work is not accomplished and maybe a distraction. There is a difference between being busy and productive because business is a time taker, and productivity is performing a task with a sense of accomplishment. I am prioritizing my health issues with academics to finish my degree in a somewhat manageable time. School and my health are really what are important to me right now. Paul LeBlanc just described the difference between staying busy and productive, and it makes sense.
Please be sure to ask Malinda and Lori questions and comment on your peers' responses, especially on those who did not select the same approach as you did. Be sure to respond to their questions and comments regarding your own response.
Malinda post
I really like existential therapy because I feel it is more philosophical and tries to get the client in tuned with finding o.
This document discusses themes that arise in group processes, including anxieties about self-disclosure, conflicts between members, and how past choices affect the present. It also summarizes discussions in a group therapy session about a member being corrected, conflicts being addressed respectfully, and regrets about past decisions. Finally, it examines group development frameworks and dynamics, noting how comfort and trust increase over time as groups interact regularly.
I need to address the following. What is being done to address theNarcisaBrandenburg70
I need to address the following. What is being done to address the mental health disparities in the United States? What professional organization(s) are affiliated with mental health/disparities? I'll also need to do the abstract on this topic
5 pages
APA
12pt Times Roman
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Example 1
One of the most interesting concepts and ideas about behaviors in organizations that I personally could relate to as a student is motivation. In my opinion, motivation is one of the main reasons I’m able to keep going when studying. Organizational Behavior explores this topic and looks at it in different perspectives where it makes it easier to comprehend and implement. Parijat & Bagga (2014) have mentioned in their motivation theory research article that motivation in private or public enterprises is mandatory. It was also mentioned that “Humans are basically psychological beings and need inspiration whether extrinsic or intrinsic for achieving organizational as well their personal objectives and goals.” (Parijat & Bagga, 2014, p.1). If you compare two pieces of work, one done by a motivated person and the other done by a non-motivated person, you could easily notice the differences between them, the motivated one being more put-together and presentable, the other looking less interesting and rushed.
Example 2
This essay is a reflection of my learning throughout the organizational behavior course. I will be focusing on the topic attitude and job satisfaction which will split into three sections. The first section aims to discuss the knowledge gained during the course, the second section will focus on the ideas and concepts of behaviors with organizations. In the last section, I will discuss the difficulties I have faced throughout the course.
Example 3
On the other hand, The ideas and concepts about behaviors with organizations have made me relate to my personal life. One of the positive learning outcomes is that when I had the experience to become a vendor in an event. I have faced many problems, one of them was being bound to encounter angry customers. My behavior toward this problem while the angry customer was talking, I was attentive listening and understanding their feelings and point of view, later I apologized and tried to find a solution. The negative concept that is related to my personal life is during this pandemic crisis I am restricted from the freedom that made me stuck in a very limited space and this resulted in my stress and became very nervous. Therefore, I acknowledge that stress and nervousness are behavior to my attitude. I have faced one difficulty throughout this course which was not knowing the differences between attitude and behavior. This difficulty turned into beneficial knowledge ...
This document summarizes a group project analyzing dynamics within a social problem research project group. The group's goal was to generate commitment for individuals with ADHD by challenging stigmas. Group members collaborated with outside organizations and planned an event with a speaker, music, and projects. The summary discusses challenges like differing subgroup goals, one member's lack of contribution, and differing views on whether ADHD is a learning disability. It emphasizes the importance of balancing individualism and collectivism to achieve group goals.
The document discusses group dynamics and the stages of group development. It defines group dynamics as the social processes by which people interact and behave in a group, including influences like personality, power, and behavior. It notes relevant fields like psychology, sociology, and communication studies. It then describes the typical stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, and performing. In storming, conflict is highest as members vie for power and leadership. In norming, differences are recognized and expectations solidified. In performing, the group is cohesive, accepts one another, and resolves conflicts rationally.
This document discusses the Villa Savoye, an architectural project completed in 1931. The villa was designed by Le Corbusier and represented a new philosophy and style of modern architecture with its use of pilotis, a free floor plan, ribbon windows and roof terrace.
1. This document outlines the requirements for Project 2 of an introductory design course.
2. The project has two parts - the first involves creating a 3D geometric artwork based on a randomly assigned word, and the second is designing a hanging mobile display for a Lego miniature.
3. Students will work through various stages to transform 2D elements into 3D forms for the first part, using different materials like polystyrene and cardboard. For the second part, they will individually design a hanging structure for their Lego toy.
1. The document outlines the requirements for Project 2 of an introductory design course, which involves students creating 3D geometric abstract art and Lego miniature hanging mobile displays in groups and individually.
2. For part 2A, students work in groups to transform words like "convert" or "intensify" into 3D shapes based on 2D explorations, using materials like polystyrene and cardboard in a hanging mobile format.
3. For part 2B, students individually create a hanging mobile display for a Lego miniature implementing design elements and principles on presentation boards. The project aims to explore shape transformation and application of design concepts.
This document outlines a design project for students divided into two parts. The first part requires students to sketch design elements in nature and the built environment, and produce two abstract artworks. The second part focuses on familiarizing students with design principles through composing art using daily items in groups. Students will be assessed on their understanding of elements and principles, creativity, and presentation skills. The project aims to teach fundamental design concepts and processes.
This document provides an introduction to the Intro to Design module conducted at Taylor's University. It outlines the module objectives, which are to learn design principles and processes through investigations and projects. Students will develop 2D and 3D design skills. The module will be delivered through lectures, tutorials, and self-directed study over 18 weeks. Students will be assessed through individual and group projects applying design elements and principles, as well as a portfolio. Attendance is compulsory, and the document outlines rules around submissions, plagiarism, and grading. The module uses student-centered learning and provides formative and summative feedback to students.
This document outlines the requirements for Project 1A of the Introduction to Design course. The project has two parts: 1) exploring basic design elements through sketches of nature and the built environment, and 2) composing artworks using assigned everyday items to familiarize students with design elements and principles.
For part one, students must produce 8 sketches on A5 paper analyzing specific design elements found in nature and the built environment. They must also create 2 abstract artworks on A4 paper transforming natural and man-made elements. For each piece, students must include an explanation identifying the design elements.
The project aims to help students learn the design process, recognize design elements and principles, and apply them in simple projects. Students
This document contains 7 questions about introductory business and accounting concepts. It asks about the definition of accounting, how accounting is used to evaluate business performance, whether it is acceptable for a business owner to have no accounting knowledge as long as they have an accountant, what information a bank would need to make a loan decision, how a profit and loss statement can be used to make business decisions, and prepares an income statement based on financial data provided. It also asks for two solutions to monitor funds during a charity drive to prevent loss.
This document outlines 8 questions for an intro to business exercise covering key marketing concepts like the marketing mix (4Ps), features and benefits of products, consumer buying processes, product lifecycles of the iPhone and iPad, pricing strategies for yoga classes, advantages and disadvantages of non-direct distribution channels, examples of product placement, and concerns for packaging women's lingerie for international markets.
This document contains 7 questions about business concepts including:
1) The difference between performance and corporate citizenship behaviors with examples.
2) The negative consequences a company could face if action is not taken against a manager bullying and sexually harassing subordinates.
3) The Big 5 personality traits and if they are trainable.
4) What attitudes are and if they are changeable, and how businesses can foster good work attitudes.
5) Which of Maslow's needs an unemployed man living with his parents and going out drinking daily is lacking.
6) The appropriate leadership style for a law firm where no one has full expertise in complex cases alone.
7) The top three qualities of an effective leader and why
An organizational chart visually depicts a company's structure and hierarchy. It shows reporting relationships and can be designed differently depending on a company's needs. Having two managers to report to can cause problems for an employee like conflicting instructions or job responsibilities. To reduce rivalry between departments, a company's founder could implement cross-departmental projects to encourage collaboration or introduce incentives for inter-departmental cooperation.
This document contains 8 questions about business ethics concepts. It asks about defining ethics, the differences between illegal and unethical behaviors, examples of each, global warming and strategies businesses can take to address it, defining and providing an example of greenwashing other than BP, describing price fixing behavior, explaining and giving an example of insider trading, discussing if a code of conduct alone ensures ethics and possible additional solutions, and which approach to social responsibility a business should take.
This document contains 8 questions about introductory business concepts. It asks about niche markets and examples, motivations for starting a business, limited liability and how it can benefit owners, franchises and examples, how the internet can help small businesses, factors influencing business loans, advantages and disadvantages of partnerships, shares and where they are traded in Malaysia and how share prices are determined. The questions cover topics including niche markets, entrepreneurship, business structures, franchising, use of technology, financing, and shares.
This document is a report on a charity drive event organized by a group of 7 students for their Introduction to Business class. The group raised funds for Grace Community Services by selling homemade food and drinks at their booth on campus over 4 days. They sold items like waffles, herbal tea, and herbal eggs. While they did not meet their daily sales target of RM500, they managed to raise a total of RM2035.25 through sales and donations. The report includes details of their objectives, target market, competition analysis, products, pricing, promotion strategies, and evaluation of results.
This document outlines the roles, responsibilities, and requirements for various positions at a new fast food restaurant partnership. It includes details on the general manager, shift manager, cashier, waiter, and delivery roles. It also provides financial information like startup costs, projected expenses, profits, sales targets, and owner profit distributions. The total capital needed is $100,000 with $10,700 from a bank loan and the rest from owner investments. Over three years, annual revenue is projected to increase from $584,000 to over $1.7 million with profits rising accordingly.
Bus30104 intro to biz final project sept 2015liszee
The document provides details about a final project for an Introduction to Business course. The project requires students to form groups and run a charity drive event to raise funds for a charitable organization of their choice. Key aspects of the project include:
- Students will form groups of up to 10 members and decide on a product or service to sell during the charity drive week. Profits will be donated to the chosen charity.
- Objectives are for students to gain practical experience in business areas like marketing, finance, and social responsibilities.
- Tasks include submitting a project report and supporting documents documenting the charity drive and decisions made.
- Assessments will evaluate the group report, goal achievement in fundraising, financial records
Bus30104 intro to biz assignment business plan sept 2015liszee
This document outlines the requirements for Project 1 of the Introduction to Business course. Students will form groups and present a 10-15 minute business plan presentation. The presentation should include details on the business background, market analysis, marketing strategies, management strategies, and financial plan. It will be assessed based on topic content, verbal presentation skills, and peer evaluation of individual contribution. Guidelines are provided on the expected content of the presentation slides and formatting of references. The objectives are for students to understand different business types and factors affecting business operations.
Bus30104 new course outline september 2015 semesterliszee
This document provides information about an Introduction to Business module offered at Taylor's University. The 4-credit, 18-week module is designed to give students an understanding of basic business concepts including different types of businesses and how internal and external factors affect operations. Students will learn about the goals, functions, and social responsibilities of businesses. Assessment involves lectures, self-study, and summative/formative evaluations including participation, presentations, and exams. Students must attend at least 80% of classes and complete all assessments to pass.
The document discusses the Cloud Forest at Gardens by the Bay in Singapore. It provides historical background on the development and opening of the Cloud Forest in 2011. It describes the structure and layout of the Cloud Forest, including its 35-meter tall mountain structure within 0.8 hectares, humidity and temperature controls, and sections like the Lost World and Secret Garden showcasing various plant species. It also mentions activities available like sightseeing, a cloud walk, and treetop walk, as well as the materials used to build the structure like glass, steel, and metal.
This document summarizes and compares two traditional Chinese sundry shops in Malaysia - Perniagaan Lee Min located in Selangor and KwongTuck Sundries & Liquors Sdn.Bhd located in Penang. Both shops sell similar traditional products like dried goods, herbs, and medicine. While they face low barriers to entry and competition, they differ in factors like generation of ownership, workforce size, customer count, and number of competitors. Overall, the document analyzes the history, operations, products, competitors and strategies of these two shops.
This document outlines a research report comparing two sundry businesses in different locations: Perniagaan Lee Min in Puchong, Selangor and KwongTuck Sundries & Liquors in Georgetown, Penang. Perniagaan Lee Min has been operated for 30 years by the Lee family, while KwongTuck has been run for 185 years through four generations of the Kwong family. The report provides background on the history and operations of each business and analyzes similarities and differences between their strategies, competitors, and performance.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
1. Name: Shum Li Sze
Student ID number: 0322822
Group / Session: Monday (5.30pm-7.30pm)
Course: Foundation in Natural and Built Environment
Subject: Social Psychology (PSYC0103)
Submission date: 30 November 2015
2. Journal 1 : Social Psychology
Settings : 21 June 2015 – 17 July 2015, 11.00am
Location : Taylor’s Lakeside University, Bandar Sunway
Entry 1 : Social Loafing
Social loafing is the phenomenon of an individual putting less effort when they work
in a group than working alone to achieve a certain goal. Max Ringelmann conducted a study
and proved that an individual’s performance actually gets worse in the presence of others.
The idea of working in a group is usually seen as a way to increase efficiency and to improve
the accomplishment. However, in social loafing, each individual will contribute less, thinking
that other group mates will take the responsibility.
I never understood the concept of social loafing until I enrolled in this course,
Foundation in Natural and Built Environments. I remember when we were required to work
in a group for most of our assignments, social loafing is the most common phenomenon that
we had ever faced. On 21st June 2015, we were required to form a group of 10 for our
Element of Natural and Built Environment final project. We were given one and a half month
to build a city model and prepare presentation boards. So, we formed a group of 10 which
included Adele, Danica, Dana, Von Wan, Mei Xin, Yue, Sarah, Yip, Li jing and me. The
group leader split the group into 2 which were the model building group and presentation
board preparing group. For the model building group, we had to build a miniature city model
with recycled materials such as toothpicks, cardboards and rubber bands while the
3. presentation board preparing group had to prepare the presentation board by arranging the
layout and information.
At first, all of the members were doing pretty well as they attended the meeting
punctually. We met our weekly target and the lecturer was quite satisfied with our progress.
However, our progress was affected when one of us started to come late for our meetings and
left early without any reason. During our meeting, she tended to lose concentration in her
jobs and she procrastinated by taking naps or watching online videos. She thought that the
others might help her with her work when she was not around. Therefore, she continued to
procrastinate and was not fully engaged in the group work. We realized that she focused more
on her individual tasks compared to our group work. Individually, she was able to complete
her individual tasks in a short time and the work she produced was of a higher quality.
Consequently, other individuals would be affected by this phenomenon, social loafing.
They started to gauge their own efforts based on what she was doing instead of maintaining
their own standards of excellence in achieving a goal. They started to contribute less in the
group as they felt that they were carrying an unfair share of workload. Consequently, they
lower their efforts to match hers.
Some of us who were motivated in the beginning started to feel demotivated as we
felt that others were relying on us to do most of the work. We had a tendency to reduce our
workload and wanted to stop collaborating with the less productive members again as we did
not want to be exploited by them. We decreased the number of meetings per week and
shortened the time of every meeting as most of the members did not appear. We complained
about this issue to our group leader and we tried to look for solutions. Our group efficiency
decreased as each of us started to gauge our own effort as we thought that our work would be
shared by other group members. We exerted less effort in doing this group project than
working individually. Consequently, our performance in a group were not as good as our
performance when we work individually. Few weeks later, we could hardly achieve our
weekly target and the lecturer was disappointed with our poor progress and teamwork.
4. As a conclusion, social loafing gives negative consequences to both the group and
individuals in the group. As can be seen with the above experience, social loafing causes
severe performance degradation and gives negative effects to society. Although it will still
exist no matter what we do, I suggest a way of thinking that will bring this phenomenon from
happening down to a minimum level. Firstly, we have to recognize our incompetence when
working as a group. We should always compare our current work to previous ones to see
progress. Then, when we notice how inefficient we can be, only will we strive harder to
improve performance. This is where we discuss openly with each other for better teamwork.
With mutual agreement, only can we move forward to be better. So, the answer to social
loafing is first recognition, then open discussion, then teamwork, and finally improvement.
This is how I believe we should handle social loafing. It may not solve the problem
completely, but it will definitely minimize its negative impact.
( 827 words )
5. Journal 2 : The Self
Settings : 5 August 2007, 8.00am
Location : SMK Seksyen 4, Bandar Kinrara, Puchong, Selangor.
Entry 2 : BIRGing
The theory BIRGing is the acronym for Basking in Reflected Glory. It is a self-
serving cognition where an individual feels good by identifying with others who are
successful. The individual is not really involved in the successful action but he/she will
associate him/herself with another successful individual such that another’s success becomes
their own to stimulate self-glory. An individual who engages in BIRGing can improve self-
esteem and self-evaluation even though they are not personally involved in the successful
action. It has both positive and negative effects for people who are involved in BIRGing.
I remember when I was in form 3, Korean pop was trending. In 2010, there was a K-
POP girl group named Girls Generation. Girls Generation debuted on August 5, 2007 and
gained worldwide attention with its single “Gee” in the 2009. In 2010, my friends and I were
more into Western pop and we were obsessed with artists like Bruno Mars, Taylor Swift,
Katy Perry and Justin Bieber who were always at the top of the billboard. We were not even
interested in Girls Generation until their song “Gee” claimed the top spot in the music show
industry. They started to gain popularity and they got nominated in numerous awards. My
6. friend, Preston Chua Lyon started to listen to their songs and he was really obsessed with
them. He started to get involved in BIRGing and was really proud to be their fan.
We started to listen to their songs and learnt their dance moves. The students in my
high school started to buy their merchandise such as keychains, t-shirts or even stickers that
have their logo , names or faces printed on it. When Girls Generation had millions of
subscribers on their Youtube channel, people in my school were more likely to bring their
merchandise around or wear their official t-shirt when they went out. My friend pasted their
stickers all over her pencil case and bags to just to tell people that she was obsessed with
them. They showed the public those merchandise and claimed that they were also part of their
fanbase. They sought to have the success of their idols linked to themselves by owning the
merchandise.
Apart from that, one of my friends was proud when her surname was the same as
Choi Su-Yeong, who was also one of the members of Girls Generation. She was proud and
was involved in BIRGing as she was sharing the same surname with this good-looking and
successful idol. When her cousin met one of the Girls Generation members in a Korean
restaurant, she told us that incident proudly as if she was the one who met her in person.
During that time, the ability to bask in reflected glory had increased due to increases in
technology. My friends could even advertise their associations on Twitter, Facebook or even
Youtube. They would post photos or posts that were related to their idols. As for BIRGing,
she simply associated herself with the success even though she was not personally involved
in the successful action. I remember when I was obsessed with them too and started to bask in
reflected glory. When they were named as the best Korean girl group in the KBS Music
Award, I shared this glory to my Facebook friends and Twitter followers. I retweeted or
shared the posts that were related to them just to let my friends know that they had won
numerous awards. I was so proud of them as if I was the one who got the awards although I
had nothing to do with their victory.
People who are involved in BIRGing increased their self-esteem and evaluation by the
identification with their idols’ success. Although the victory of their idols do not relate to
7. them, they try to receive the glory to increase their image in society. By getting involved in
BIRGing, they think that society would accept them more when they relate themselves with
the successful individuals. When a person’s public image is threatened, the tendency to be
involved in BIRGing is heightened, and BIRGing becomes an important impression
management technique to counter any threats to self-esteem. By basking in reflected glory,
my self-esteem increased as I felt like I was successful and proud too when my favourite girl
group had great achievements.
As a conclusion, BIRGing has both positive and negative impacts on the individuals.
By engaging in BIRGing, my self-esteem had improved gradually as compared to the past.
However, we need to have proper impression management techniques. We must be clear that
we cannot be obsessed with BIRGing as we might forget our true self and own achievements.
Therefore, we must not bask in reflected glory and associate ourselves in another individual’s
achievements too often. We must understand and know what our goals are so that we can
know what we need to achieve in our life.
(831 words)
8. Journal 3 : Social Cognition: Thinking About the Social World
Settings : 27 July 2014, 8.30am-11.30am
Location : SMK Seksyen 4, Bandar Kinrara Puchong, Selangor.
Entry 3 : Counterfactual Thinking
Humans with counterfactual thinking tend to create possible alternatives to life events
that have already occurred. Counterfactual thinking is a psychological concept that allows us
to assume different outcomes for an event and this thought consists of “If only I had …” or
“what if…”. We start to think of how things could have turned out differently if we do it
another way. Counterfactual thinking is usually associated with negative thinking and in fact,
things will hardly happen as what we imagine it to in counterfactual thinking.
I remember when I got both my Chinese and Mathematics trial exam papers on the
same day and I thought and imagined how the outcome could have turned out differently if I
put more effort into both that subject. When I knew I got 89% for my Mathematics subject, I
regretted not double-checking my answers before submitting my exam papers. I lost marks
for careless mistakes as I had forgotten to round off my answer to 4 significant figures.
Before sitting for my Mathematics examination, I did exercises and questions of all the
chapters as revision. However, I skipped form 4 chapter 4, which was the Mathematical
Reasoning as I thought that it was not an important chapter. However, I regretted it when I
did not know how to do the question from that particular chapter. My mind turned blank and I
was frustrated for not being able to solve that question. As a result, I got an A for my
Mathematics examination and it was so close to the A+. I just had to get 1 more mark for a
better grade. The closeness to get a better grade caused much regrets and I started to accuse
myself for my ‘failure’.
I started to think about what I could have done to change the situation so it could have
been better. For example. ‘ If I checked my answers before submitting my papers, I could
have done less careless mistakes. ’ , ‘ If I did not neglect that particular chapter, I could have
solved that question! ’ or ‘ If I had started my revision earlier, I would have more time to
9. focus on that particular chapter. ’ These thoughts are categorized as Upward Counterfactual
Thinking as I was assuming different outcomes for the events that had already happened to
happen in a better way. My mood became worst and I was associated with negative thinking
as I started to blame myself for my actions.
On the same day, my Chinese teacher, Puan Len distributed our Chinese examination
papers after she finished marking. I was relieved and glad to know that I got 75 marks for my
Chinese paper. It was an A- and I would have got a B+ if I did another mistake. Chinese was
always the toughest subject for me as I did not focus much on it. I tend to concentrate more
on my Science and Mathematical subjects than language subjects as I thought that they were
more important. Therefore, I tend not to hand in my Chinese homework or even skipped
Chinese classes. However, I started to revise my Chinese language 2 days before the Chinese
examination by doing last minute studies. I tried to memorize all the important phrases and
idioms that would be coming out for the exam and read as much essays as I could to help
improve my essay writing skills. During the examination, I tried not to leave the answer
spaces blank even though I did not know how to answer those questions.
I was satisfied to get an A- for my Chinese language subject as I knew that my result
could have been worse if I did not try to revise for this examination. At that moment,
different thoughts came into my mind such as ‘I got an A- for Chinese subject, but at least it’s
not a B. ’ and ‘ Most of my friend got A or A+ for this subject, but at least my grade is not
the worst one in my class. ’ These thinking are actually Downward Counterfactual Thinking
as I focused how my Chinese language results could have been worse. In this type of
counterfactual thinking, I made myself feel better about the outcomes as I realized the
situation is not the worst it could be.
As a conclusion, we tend to have counterfactual thinking when we wish something
had or had not happened based on our experience. Counterfactual thinking has both negative
and positive effects that can worsen or improve our mood. Therefore, we should control our
thinking and try not to associate ourselves with negative thinking avoid the uncomfortable
10. truth and reality. We should face what we have done and not keep thinking that the situation
we faced were an accident or just luck.
(829 words)
11. Journal 4 : Social Perception : How Do we perceive Others?
Settings : 21 June 2014, 6.00am-12.00pm
Location : SMK Seksyen 4, Bandar Kinrara Puchong Selangor
Entry 4 : Self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief of certain events that may actually come true
because we are acting as if it is already true. Our behaviour and attitude will change and
shape the way of how others see us to meet our expectations. In turn, others will provide the
feedback that we’ve set ourselves up to get, which serves to reinforce the original belief.
Therefore, our behavior towards others impact others’ behaviours towards us.
My school, SMK Seksyen 4 Bandar Kinrara had our Annual Sports Day last year in
June. Surprisingly, The Yellow House won the championship for the first time as they had
never won any championships before. The Red House who had won the championship for
four consequence years lost at the Sports Day for accumulating the lowest points among all
the houses.
Weeks before the Sport Day, students from each house gave their names for different
events and they started their practices after school hours. The other students who did not
participate in any events got other duties such as making lists of games and activities.
Everyone was allowed to see how students from each house practised during practice time.
12. The students in our school believed strongly in the Chinese prefect girl, Lee Mun Jing, who
was the one who helped the Red House to win for the past few years. She helped to
accumulate points by winning a lot of events such as long jump, high jump, 100m sprint,
200m sprint and etc. However, she graduated from her secondary education and left the
school in 2013. The students in the school believed that Red House will not get the
championship again as they believed there would not be any athlete that was as good as her.
They predicted that the other team will win the championship for that year.
The students who participated in the Sports Day that day were likely experiencing a
self-fulfilling prophecy. The Red House people’s behaviours were affected by the students’
prediction and expectation. They did not give their 100% effort in practicing and some of
them skipped the practice without any reason. When the Annual Sports Day was just around
the corner, the enthusiasm soon faded away and they was not keen to fight for the
championship anymore. They soon believed that they would have no chance to win this. They
thought that it was a waste of time and energy to put so much effort for something that does
not belong to them.
On the flip of coin, the other team started to practice every day after the school hour.
Although they had never won any championships in any events, they believed that they had a
chance to beat the Red House. Students and teachers in the school believed that they might
actually have a chance to get the championship cup for that year if they put more effort in
their practice. As a result, they broke their own records during their practice as they could run
faster in the 100m sprint and jump higher in the high jump. Although they were not very
great enthusiasts of games and sports, I could see that they started to love sports and they
were really eager to fight for the championship. The teachers in the Yellow House kept
encouraging and supporting their students and they had high hopes of them.
During the Annual Sports Day, the Red House students seemed unconfident
compared to the other houses’ students. Their teachers were worried about them as they
looked anxious and unprepared. In contrast, the Yellow House students looked confident as if
they were going to be the champion for that year. During the sports events, the athletes from
13. the Red House did not maintain their usual standard of performance as they seemed like they
had already given up in the sports event. Their behaviour changed to meet other people’s
expectation and prediction, which was contradicting to their usual behavior. They were not as
good as last time as the athletes who were always confident, lost their confidence on that day.
The points they had accumulated were worse than the points they had accumulated for the
past few years. In contrast, the Yellow house’s athletes’ confidence boosted up. They did
better than anyone else and they were ready to win the championship for that particular year.
Their teachers were in joy and they kept motivating their students and made them believe in
themselves.
As a conclusion, self-fulfilling prophecies shapes people's behaviours and actions to
other individuals' expectations. It is a belief that comes true when we act as if it is already
true. The Red House people acted like they would lose the sports events, as people believed
that they would definitely lose the championship. In contrast, the Yellow House people acted
as if they would win the Annual Sport Day, as people had high hopes of them.
(840 words)
14. Journal 5 : Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination
Settings : 5 August 2014, 1.00pm
Location : Taylor’s Lakeside University
Entry 5 : Just-world hypothesis
Just-world hypothesis is the belief that victims of misfortune deserve what they get as
people want to believe that the world is predictable and fair. They have a “blame the victim”
mentality and they think that victims should take the responsibility of their misfortunes. Just-
world hypothesis explains that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to
good people as you reap what you sow.
On 5th August 2014, a student from Taylor’s Lakeside University jumped off a
building and the incident was confirmed by the management of the university. Everyone who
knew about the incident was deeply saddened by this and people started to offer their support
to his family and friends during this difficult time. My friends and I were frightened and
shocked when we found out about this suicidal case. When the incident was investigated by
the authorities, people were curious of the cause of his suicidal. They started to find out and
guessed about the reasons that caused him to jump off the building without thinking of the
consequences. About one hour later, I could see different posts about this serious case and
people started to discuss about it.
15. I have heard different reasons from different people and media. For example, “He
ended his life because he was too stressful with his academics. I heard that he was in his last
semester in Diploma in Culinary Arts. ” , “ I heard they said that he just broke up with his
girlfriend. I guess he is just too weak and it is stupid to end your life because of someone who
doesn’t love you anymore” , “ I guess his family had high expectations of him and they
pushed him too hard. ” , “I heard that he just argued with his friends and they ditched him.
That is so hurtful! “ , “ Many people said that he was a victim of a bully case. He always got
bullied by his cousins and friends and he decided to commit suicide as he can’t take this
anymore. ”… People started to come out with different possible reasons but no one would
know the reason behind this case except for himself.
However, it was saddening when people started to blame him for jumping off the
building. Some people felt that this was a selfish act as he did not think of the consequences
when he chose to end his life. He might bring problems to the students in the university,
friends and most importantly, his family. They blamed him for leaving his family alone as his
parents would be very heartbroken for losing a son. When they found out he was a victim of
bully cases, they blamed him instead of blaming the people who bullied him. They thought
that he should have the courage to fight back instead of avoiding the problems. They even felt
that an individual like him deserved all of these as they believed in the just-world hypothesis.
They blamed his behaviours as they thought that he was being bullied for a reason. They
started to blame the victim for being an anti-social individual, an introvert or even a 'sissy
guy'. There were even rumours saying that he had bullied his friends before this. Therefore,
he deserved to be bullied now. Although the public did not know about his attitude and
characters well, they judged him and thought that he was a bad person and had done bad
things in his life. Therefore, he should face this misfortune as he deserved all of these.
It was far too frightening for many to accept that bad things could happen to good
people and they themselves had no control over whether bad things might happen to them
someday. Therefore, they searched for ways to differentiate themselves from the victim of ill
fortune. People at the university started to blame the victim for his attitudes and characters so
that they could avoid being the next victim. In this point, people still believe that the victim
16. should take all the responsibility. This hypothesis brought negative impacts as the victim
might be innocent and wrongfully portrayed as a passive individual.
As a conclusion, just-world hypothesis is based on an individual’s belief that the
world is a safe, just place where people get what they deserve. They believe that the social
system that affects them is fair, legitimate and justifiable.
( 757 words )