This document discusses the history of how homosexuality has been classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from the first edition in 1952 to the fourth edition in 1994. It also examines various theories for the causal factors of homosexuality, including biological, genetic, prenatal influences, and psychosocial factors. Different psychological and biological treatment approaches are also mentioned, as well as topics relating to gender identity, sex, and sexuality.

1. Chapter 11

2. Kinsey Scale
Storms Sexuality Axis

3. Homosexuality DSM-I (1952): Sociopathic personality
& the DSM
disturbance
DSM-II (1968): Sexual deviance
DSM-II-R (1973): Sexual orientation
disturbance
DSM-III (1980): Ego-dystonic homosexuality
DSM-III-R (1987): Sexual disorder not
otherwise specified
DSM-IV (1994): Omitted completely

4. Genetic
Biological Prenatal
Influences
Gender Non-
conformity
Causal By-Default
Factors
“Recruitment”(AKA
“Seduction”)
Psychoanalytic/Learning
Psychosocial (Developmental
Immaturity and Parental
Factors)

5. Learning (Aversive
or other conditioning
techniques)
Psychological
Psychoanalytic/
Reparative Therapy
Treatment
Biological Hormonal

7. Gender Identity
Disorder
Homosexuality Transsexualism

8. Gender:
Sex: Biological
Psychological
Homosexual
vs. Transsexual
vs. Intersexed