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- 2. There are threetypes of organic farming system : 1. Biodynamic farming 2. Natural farming 3. Bio-intensive farming
- 3. Biodynamic farmingis a spiritual-ethical-ecological approach to agriculture, gardens, food production and nutrition. It was first developed in the 1920s based on the suggestions of Dr. Rudolf Steiner. Emphasis the use of manures and compost and exclude the use of artificial chemicals on soil and plants. Steiner suggested different preparations to aid fertilization and described how these were to be prepared. BIODYNAMIC FARMING
- 4. Field preparations Used to stimulate humus formation One example would be the horn-manure, where a humus mixture is prepared by filling the horn of a cow with cow manure and buried it in the ground in autumn. It is left to decompose through winter and retrieved for use the following spring.
- 5. Compost preparations Employ herbs which are frequently used in medicinal treatment. Many of the herbs are used in organic practices to make fertilizers, turned into the soil as green manure Planting calendar There is astrological influences on soil and plant development Some farmers would cultivate or harvest crops based on both the phase of the moon and the constellation of stars the moon is passing through
- 6. Natural farmingis an ecological farming approach established by Masanobu Fukuoka, a Japanese farmer and philosopher. Natural farming is a closed system, one that does not depend on human-supplied inputs and mimic nature. Fukuoka divided natural farming into several principles : NATURAL FARMING
- 7. No Pesticides Pesticides do not only kill insects; they reside in the soil and fruit Light, alcohol, aroma, poisonous plant and so forth are used to control pests instead of chemicals An ecology that recovered the natural balance will drop in the pests and disease occurrence No Herbicides Natural farming system uses the weeds rather than killing them Wild grass such as rye and clover were grown for mulching The grass prevents soil erosion, holds moisture, propagates microorganism, produces organic fertilizer, improves soil ventilation and suppresses the pests.
- 8. No tillage An agricultural technique which increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil It increases the amount and variety of life in and on the soil, including disease-causing organisms and disease suppression organisms. The most powerful benefit of no-tillage is improvement in soil biological fertility, making soils more resilient No chemical fertilizers Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and other elements that would be commonly given in the form of chemical fertilizer are substituted with natural farming inputs Fish amino acid provides nitrogen, eggshells give calcium, animal bones are source of phosphoric acid.
- 9. A naturalagricultural system that focuses on achieving maximum yields from a minimum area of land Simultaneously increasing biodiversity and maintaining the fertility of the soil Effective for backyard gardeners and smallholder farmers in developing countries, and also has been used successfully on small-scale commercial farms John Jeavons and Ecology Action developed a sustainable 8- step food-raising method officially known as "GROW BIOINTENSIVE - Sustainable Mini-Farming". BIO-INTENSIVE FARMING
- 10. Components importantto the bio-intensive approach include: i. Double-Dug, Raised Beds ii. Composting iii.Biointensive Planting iv. Companion Planting v. Carbon Farming vi. Calorie Farming vii.Use of Open-Pollinated Seeds viii.A Whole-System Farming Method