BS EDUCATION SEMSETER 2nd (From Sep 2023 to Jan 2024) Subject: Citizenship Teacher: Ms Sania Hayat (M.Phil.) Classes: Monday 11-12:30 ,Tuesday 8-9:30 These Are Final Term Presentation Slides ------------------------------------------- Institute of Education University Of Sargodha *

1. province with higher
poverty in pakistan

2. Introduction:
Balochistan, the largest province in Pakistan, faces a higher level of poverty compared to
other regions.
Several factors contribute to this situation, leading to economic challenges for the
population.
Economic Factors
Limited Industrialization: Balochistan has limited industrial development, resulting in
fewer job
opportunities and a weaker economic base.
- **Agricultural Constraints:** Despite its vast land, agricultural productivity is
hampered by water
scarcity and inadequate infrastructure.
Infrastructure and Access
- ** -

3. **Limited Infrastructure:** Insufficient road networks and basic amenities
hinder access to
education, healthcare, and markets, limiting economic growth.
- **Geographical Challenges:** The province's rugged terrain makes it difficult to
establish and
maintain infrastructure, exacerbating development disparities.
Educational Disparities
- **Low Literacy Rates:** Balochistan faces lower literacy rates compared to
other provinces,
impacting the skill development and employability of its population.
- **Limited Educational Infrastructure:** Lack of schools and quality educational
institutions
contributes to the educational challenges.
Unemployment and Underemployment
- **High Unemployment:** The province struggles with high unemployment
rates, particularly among
the youth, amplifying poverty.

4. **Underutilization of Resources:** Natural resources in the region are not fully
utilized, limiting
economic opportunities.
Health and Social Services
- **Healthcare Challenges:** Limited access to healthcare facilities contributes to
health issues,
affecting the overall well-being of the population.
- **Social Services Gaps:** Insufficient social services exacerbate poverty by not
adequately
addressing the needs of vulnerable populations.
Security Concerns
- **Security Instability:** Ongoing security concerns in certain areas of
Balochistan hinder economic
activities and discourage potential investments, perpetuating poverty.

5. - - Province with Significant Poverty: Sindh
Introduction
Sindh, the second-most populous province in Pakistan, confronts substantial poverty due to a
combination of economic, social, and governance factors.
. Economic Challenges
- **Urban-Rural Disparities:** The province experiences significant gaps in development
between
urban and rural areas, leading to disparities in economic opportunities and living standards.
- **Dependency on Agriculture:** While agriculture is a major sector, reliance on traditional
farming
methods and water management issues impact productivity.
Infrastructure and Urbanization:
- **Urbanization Strains:** Rapid urbanization in cities like Karachi brings challenges of
inadequate
infrastructure, insufficient services, and a strain on resources.
- **Limited Connectivity:** Rural areas often lack proper road networks, hindering access to
markets
and essential services.

6. Educational Gaps:** Sindh faces disparities in educational access and quality, contributing
to
lower skill levels and employability.
- **Informal Employment:** A significant portion of the population engages in informal
employment,
lacking job security and benefits.
Water Management and Agricultural Productivity
- **Water Scarcity:** Sindh grapples with water scarcity issues, affecting agricultural
productivity and
livelihoods dependent on farming.
- **Outdated Irrigation Systems:** The presence of outdated irrigation systems further
impedes
efficient water usage.
Health and Social Services:

7. **Healthcare Challenges:** Limited access to quality healthcare services leads to health-
related
issues, impacting the overall well-being of the population.
- **Social Services Gaps:** Gaps in social services contribute to vulnerability, particularly
among
marginalized communities.
Governance and Corruption
- **Governance Issues:** Instances of corruption and inefficiencies in governance hinder
the effective
implementation of poverty alleviation programs and infrastructure development.
- **Unequal Resource Distribution:** Unequal distribution of resources contributes to
regional
disparities and perpetuates poverty in certain areas.
. Environmental Concerns
- **Climate Change Impact:** Sindh faces environmental challenges such as climate change,
affecting agricultural practices and exacerbating poverty for those reliant on these sectors.