Fiber cement weatherboard is being used as a sustainable building material for constructing traditional chalets at Belum Rainforest Resort in Malaysia. It is composed of cement, sand, and cellulose fiber, which gives it properties of durability, fire resistance, and resistance to rotting. The chalets are being constructed using locally sourced materials to reduce environmental impact. Fiber cement weatherboard requires low maintenance, is reusable/recyclable, and provides benefits like termite resistance, safety, and easy installation. Using this material allows construction of buildings that conserve natural resources and have minimal negative effects on the environment.
Partial replacement of coarse aggregates by expanded polystyrene beads in con...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for construction materials, there is a strong need to utilize alternative materials for sustainable development. The main objective of this investigation is to study the properties, such as compressive strength and tensile strengths of lightweight concrete containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads. Its properties are compared with those of the normal concrete i.e., without EPS beads. EPS beads are used as partial replacement to coarse aggregates. The results showed that the amount of polystyrene beads incorporated in concrete influences the properties of hardened concrete. At 28 days, it was found that compressive strength of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% EPS incorporated concrete strengths were 91%, 77 %, 71%, 63%, 57%, and 45%, respectively when compared to concrete with no EPS case. Key Words: Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS); Workability; Compressive strength; Splitting tensile strength;
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Partial replacement of coarse aggregates by expanded polystyrene beads in con...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for construction materials, there is a strong need to utilize alternative materials for sustainable development. The main objective of this investigation is to study the properties, such as compressive strength and tensile strengths of lightweight concrete containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads. Its properties are compared with those of the normal concrete i.e., without EPS beads. EPS beads are used as partial replacement to coarse aggregates. The results showed that the amount of polystyrene beads incorporated in concrete influences the properties of hardened concrete. At 28 days, it was found that compressive strength of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% EPS incorporated concrete strengths were 91%, 77 %, 71%, 63%, 57%, and 45%, respectively when compared to concrete with no EPS case. Key Words: Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS); Workability; Compressive strength; Splitting tensile strength;
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Presentation looks at the entire context of Bamboo as a critical green building- material which being called steel of 21st century- in terms of its advantages and use in creating sustainable, cost-effective, earthquake resistant and green buildings
Green concrete for sustainable constructioneSAT Journals
Abstract There are many choices in regard to selection of materials in any type of constructions. Due to growing interest in sustainable construction, engineers and architects are motivated to choose the materials which are more sustainable. Green concrete capable for sustainable construction is characterized by application of industrial wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources and energy and pollution of the environment. Replacement of materials over nominal concrete is what makes green concrete more environmental friendly concrete. Marble sludge powder, quarry rocks, crushed concrete and fly ashes are some of the materials used for making green concrete, a sustainable construction. Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Impact, Geo-polymer concrete, Green Concrete, Recycled Materials, Sustainable Construction, Virgin Material.
green concrete preparation and techniques used in manufacturing of green concrete and uses and applications and proportions ratios as explained briefly to the civil engineering field
Green concrete is environmental friendly concrete
Concrete that uses less energy in its production and produces less carbon dioxide than normal concrete is green concrete
Presentation looks at the entire context of Bamboo as a critical green building- material which being called steel of 21st century- in terms of its advantages and use in creating sustainable, cost-effective, earthquake resistant and green buildings
Green concrete for sustainable constructioneSAT Journals
Abstract There are many choices in regard to selection of materials in any type of constructions. Due to growing interest in sustainable construction, engineers and architects are motivated to choose the materials which are more sustainable. Green concrete capable for sustainable construction is characterized by application of industrial wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources and energy and pollution of the environment. Replacement of materials over nominal concrete is what makes green concrete more environmental friendly concrete. Marble sludge powder, quarry rocks, crushed concrete and fly ashes are some of the materials used for making green concrete, a sustainable construction. Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Impact, Geo-polymer concrete, Green Concrete, Recycled Materials, Sustainable Construction, Virgin Material.
green concrete preparation and techniques used in manufacturing of green concrete and uses and applications and proportions ratios as explained briefly to the civil engineering field
Green concrete is environmental friendly concrete
Concrete that uses less energy in its production and produces less carbon dioxide than normal concrete is green concrete
Floodplain Modelling Materials and MethodologyIDES Editor
A floodplain is the normally dry land area adjoining
river or stream that is inundated during flood events. The
most common reason for flooding could be overtopping of river
or stream due to heavy downfall. The floodplain carries flow
in excess of the river or stream capacity. Flood frequency and
flood water-surface elevations are the crucial components for
the evaluation of flood hazard. This paper presents the
methodology that incorporates advanced technologies for
hydrologic and hydraulic analyses that are needed to be carried
out to predict the flood water-surface elevations for any
ungaged watershed.
HYDRAULIC JUMP CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIFFERENT OPEN CHANNEL AND STILLING BASIN ...IAEME Publication
Hydraulic jump is considered as the best way for dissipating energy present in moving water downstream of hydraulic structures. This paper conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the hydraulic jump characteristics variations for different rectangular open channel layouts. In this paper, the used open channel layouts were five bed slopes of 0.0175, 0.0349, 0.0524, 0.0699, and 0.0875, and a sill with three different heights was placed along a model of the stilling basin at three different longitudinal distances. The characteristics of the hydraulic jump, which was formed downstream vertical gate, were measured for variable discharges.
AR3002 SUSTAINABILITY IN MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION SUSTAINABLE DEIGN UNIT 4.pdfNiveditha Mani Sasidharan
Sustainability in choice of materials and construction techniques/ methods. Embodied energy in
buildings. Use of local materials. Recyclable products. Eco building materials and construction. Bio
mimicry, Zero energy buildings, Photo voltaic electricity generation. Thermal energy storage.
Nano technology and smart materials.
Analysis of Upgradation of a Convectional Building into Green BuildingIJSRD
The phenomenon of global warming or climate change has led to many environmental issues including higher atmospheric temperatures, intensive precipitation, and increased Greenhouse gaseous emission and of course increased indoor discomfort condition. Researchers worldwide collectively agreed that one way of reducing the impact of global warming is by implementing Green Roof Technology which integrates vegetation, growing medium and water proofing membrane on top of the roof surface. This study emphasized to first analysis a convectional Building than upgrade it to a Green Building by the use of some Eco- Friendly materials. In addition to this by the use of some smart electrification work we can also conserve an ample amount of energy in a Convectional Building. Than by the use of different agencies which would provide checklist for Green Building we can rate a Convectional Building which is been upgraded into a Green Building..The objectives of this research were is Reduction in the indoor temperature of the room contributes reduction in energy consumption in the building. By the use of smart electrification an ample amount of energy can also be conserved. By the use of eco- friendly materials and waste products an ample amount of money can also be saved. Although by the up gradation of convectional building the initial cost will be high because of the use of some special material such as solar panel, rain water harvesting system but their application will return 10 times of what we invested
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Green concrete” refers to concrete produced by recycling concrete debris in an environmentally responsible manner. Green concrete is defined as concrete that, throughout the manufacturing process, consumes less energy and generates a lower amount of carbon dioxide than conventional concrete.
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
StarCompliance is a leading firm specializing in the recovery of stolen cryptocurrency. Our comprehensive services are designed to assist individuals and organizations in navigating the complex process of fraud reporting, investigation, and fund recovery. We combine cutting-edge technology with expert legal support to provide a robust solution for victims of crypto theft.
Our Services Include:
Reporting to Tracking Authorities:
We immediately notify all relevant centralized exchanges (CEX), decentralized exchanges (DEX), and wallet providers about the stolen cryptocurrency. This ensures that the stolen assets are flagged as scam transactions, making it impossible for the thief to use them.
Assistance with Filing Police Reports:
We guide you through the process of filing a valid police report. Our support team provides detailed instructions on which police department to contact and helps you complete the necessary paperwork within the critical 72-hour window.
Launching the Refund Process:
Our team of experienced lawyers can initiate lawsuits on your behalf and represent you in various jurisdictions around the world. They work diligently to recover your stolen funds and ensure that justice is served.
At StarCompliance, we understand the urgency and stress involved in dealing with cryptocurrency theft. Our dedicated team works quickly and efficiently to provide you with the support and expertise needed to recover your assets. Trust us to be your partner in navigating the complexities of the crypto world and safeguarding your investments.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...
Project1 final essay
1. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 1
Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as
sustainable building material to reduce the consumption of
resources from nature in Traditional Chalet, Belum Rainforest
Resort.
Table of Contents Page
Abstract ........................................................................................................................2
1.0 Introduction.....................................................................................................3
2.0 An overview of sustainable building material .......................................................4
3.0 Fiber Cement Weatherboard ...............................................................................4
3.1 Composition and characteristic of fiber cement weatherboard 8
4.0 Application of fiber cement weatherboard .........................................................10
4.1 Benefits of using fiber cement weatherboar 13
4.2 Disadvantage of fiber cement Weatherboard 15
5.0 Timber and Fiber Cement Weatherboard ..........................................................18
6.0 Conclusion.........................................................................................................19
7.0 References 20
2. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 2
Abstract
This paper investigated on effectiveness of fiber cement weatherboard used in
Traditional Chalet, Belum Rainforest Resort to conserve nature is to identify the types
of materials selected at the design stage of building and the impact on its longer-term
sustainability fundamentally, in the meantime to enhanced nature without harmful
effects. It is important to study and understand green materials which able to help in
conserving nature effectively because building material being one of important features
to the sustainable architecture, and also the consideration of its impacts to our nature
over the life of the product. Built environment can be enhanced without harmful effects
by considering the use of sustainable building material in building construction. In
assisting the validation of research, literature reviews based on various sources
regarding fiber cement weatherboard as sustainable building material were conducted
to enhance the process. In order to provide a wider variation of research, it is important
to deliberate on contexts that can showcase the effectiveness of fiber cement
weatherboard, in which Traditional Chalet (‘Kampung House’), Belum Rainforest
Resort, Perak are taken to represent it as the provinces. Fiber cement Weatherboard is
kind of green material used in Traditional Chalet. Fiber cement Weatherboard is an
autoclaved fiber cement plank manufactured from a mixture of cement, organic fillers
and water. Fiber cement weatherboard is a material that is attractive, low maintenance
and alternative to PVCu and wood. This material has the visual appeal of natural
timber, resistance to rot and easy to install. By using this kind of material, the built
environment can be promoted without negative effects on the natural environment.
1.0 Introduction
Sustainable building materials are more preferred in construct a building
nowadays as well as Belum Rainforest Resort. Green materials are environmentally
responsible because impacts are considered over the life of the product. Therefore,
sustainability is becoming a priority for developers in sustainable architecture, and with
many exciting innovations happening in the construction industry, sustainably
addressing global accommodation needs seems possible.
This paper will investigate on the effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard
used as sustainable building material to reduce the consumption of resources from
3. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 3
nature in Traditional Chalet, Belum Rainforest Resort.by responding to the following
question:
1. What is sustainable building material?
2. What is the significant of fiber cement weatherboard?
3. What is the benefit of using fiber cement weatherboard to construct Traditional
Chalet in Belum Rainforest Resort?
4. What is the disadvantage of fiber cement weatherboard?
5. Which sustainable building material is more effectively conserve nature? Tmber
or fiber cement weatherboard?
2.0 An overview of sustainable building material
Sustainable building materials are known as green materials. Green materials
shown in Figure 1.0 are composed of renewable, rather than non-renewable resources.
Green materials are environmentally responsible because impacts are considered over
the life of the product (Spiegel and Meadows, 1999). As global populations increase, so
too will the need for accommodation. During the design, construction and operation of
building projects, the concept of sustainable building incorporates and integrates a kind
of strategies. The use of green building materials and products represents one
important strategy in the design of a building. Sustainably addressing global
accommodation needs seems possible with a lot of rousing innovations happening in
the construction industry and sustainability is turning into a priority for developers.
Besides that, promotes preservation of reduce non-renewable resources internationally
by using sustainable building materials and products.
In addition, integrating green building materials into building projects can help
lessen the environmental impacts attached with the extraction, transport, processing,
fabrication, installation, reuse, recycling, and disposal of these building industry source
materials (Roodman and Lenssen, 1995). Green building materials provided distinctive
advantages to the building owner and building occupants like dwindled replacement or
maintenance costs over the life of the building, energy conservation, improved
occupant health and productivity, lower costs associated with changing space
configurations and superior design flexibility.
4. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 4
Figure 1.0 Example of sustainable building materials
(Source: green material, 2014)
3.0 Fiber Cement Weatherboard
Fiber cement weatherboard (Figure 2.1) represents an innovation in building
materials. Fiber cement weatherboard is a good choice to consider if the homeowner
searching for a low-maintenance alternative to traditional wood siding that preserves
aesthetics and is also environmentally-friendly. (Figure 2.2) The advantages of fiber
cement siding become apparent when its composition and function are understood.
(Elise, 2013)
Figure 2.1: Sample of Fiber Cement Weatherboard
(Sources: Country Wide Builders Website, 2013)
5. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 5
Figure 2 .2: Weatherboard used as building material
(Sources: Marvin Hatcher, 2012)
3.1 Composition and characteristic of fiber cement
Weatherboard
Fiber cement weatherboard is a kind of green material composed of cement,
sand and cellulose fiber that has been subjected to a process called autoclaving.
‘’Autoclaving refers to curing the mixture with pressurized steam to increase its strength
and dimensional stability.’’ stated in Toolbase.org (2001).The manufacturing process is
said to create fiber-cement that is dimensionally stable and won't burn, rot, or cup. To
prevent cracking, the fiber is used in fiber cement as reinforcement. The fiber is also
added to make the cement stronger because cement tends to crack over time. The
product similar likes natural wood siding, but is manufactured from cement, sand and
fibrous material. This composition gives fiber cements board great durability, as well as
fire, and rot resistance.
Fiber cement weatherboard can adopt a range of different appearances. The
weatherboard can be smooth or imprinted with a wood grain texture. The key
advantage of fiber cements weatherboard is very versatile. The material can be
produce to look similar like wood, vinyl, stucco or cedar shingles during the producing
phase. Normally, this material will be produced pre-primed from the manufacturer and
received paint nicely to alter to our desired style and taste. Fiber cement siding can be
readily available in lap siding or panels with a choice of colors, styles and textures.
Dimensions include widths ranging from 4 inches to 12 inches, lengths up to 12 feet,
6. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 6
and a thickness of an approximate 5/16th of an inch. (Figure 3.1 & Figure 3.2) The
weatherboard is presented both primed and unprimed, with appearances of wood grain.
Fiber cement products can also be complimented by several weather resistant vinyl
trim and ventilation accessories. (Toolbase.org, 2001) To emulate the appearance of
wood siding, some fiber-cement weatherboard is pressed with wood grain finishes.
(Figure 3.3) If the homeowner desires, nevertheless, fiber-cement weatherboard can
also produce in the appearance of stucco or smooth siding. There are many styles,
colors, and sizes that currently exist to give the house timeless charm, according to
Siding Key.com, (2012).
Figure 3.1: Different dimension of fibre cement weatherboard
(Sources: Turnkey Installed Services Website, 2008)
7. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 7
Figure 3.2: Different dimension of fibre cement weatherboard
(Sources: James Hardie, 2014)
Figure 3.3: Appearance of wood siding
(Sources: Barbour Product Search Website, 2011)
Robert (1999) states that the form of fiber cement weatherboard available is
manifold, it has been categorized into few fonts: traditional lap siding boards, vertical
siding, shingle or shake siding and specialized pieces. (Figure 4.1 & Figure 4.2)
Traditional lap siding boards differ in width from just over 5 to 12 inches. Stick lap
siding fiber cement weatherboard to the house horizontally. To protect the structure of
the home, the base of each board intersects the top edge of the board below it and
nails the boards to the wall studs with corrosion-resistant nails driven through the part
of the board. Besides that, vertically oriented fiber cement weatherboard is also
available as panels. These products imitate the look of a traditional board and batten
type of siding with the gaps between wider boards shielded by narrow, raised pieces of
material.
Moreover, fiber cements weatherboard also available in the form of singular
shingles and shakes. The dissimilarity between shingles and shakes is the consistency
of the pieces. Shingles are equal in size and thickness, while shakes have more
variation. Shakes provide a house with a more rustic, hand-crafted look than shingles.
The installation method for shingles or shakes is the same. Each single piece is affixed
8. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 8
to sheathing or furring strips with two corrosion-resistant nails. Furthermore, trim to go
around doors and windows, and soffit pieces to install along the undersides of the roof
eaves are available in fiber cement weatherboard as well. These specified pieces offer
the house a finished appearance and protect defenceless areas from water damage.
Figure 4.1: Different kind of fiber cement weatherboard
(Sources: Lifetime Exterior Website, 2014)
Figure 4.2: Variant Kind of color available for fiber cement weatherboard
(Sources: Country Wide Builders Website, 2013)
9. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 9
4.0 Application of fiber cement weatherboard
The Belum Rainforest Resort provides the traveller a chance to get up close
and personal with the natural world and it is set within Banding Island. With so many
activities at Belum Rainforest Resort, it would be a disgrace not to step out and enjoy
as much as you can. Banding Island is a 243-hectare inland island encircled by the
Temengor Lake. The fact that it is a 130 million year old rainforest island speaks for
itself. The building within Belum Rainforest Resort such as villa and chalet are
constructed using locally sourced eco-friendly materials and traditional building
techniques to increase local social capital while reducing the impact on the
environment. Traditional Chalet (Kampung House) shown in Figure 5.1 is newly
developed and completed in July 2013, inspired by Malaysia's Traditional architecture,
suites were built with ecological design in mind, comes with a unique combination of
comptemporary and traditional furnishing. The Traditional Chalet (Kampung
House)shown in Figure 5.2 is one of the green building in Belum Rainforest Resort ,
whose interior is inspired by old world Malaysian architecture. This building used green
material, fiber cement weatherboard as building material to construct wall and roof of
the building. (Figure5.3 & 5.4)
Figure 5.1 : Show the interior construct by fiber cement weatherboard
(Sources: Belum Rainforest Resort Website, 2014)
10. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 10
Figure 5.2: Traditional Chalet, Belum Rainforest Resort
(Sources: Belum Rainforest Resort Websbite, 2014)
Figure 5.3: Roof construct using fiber cement wetherboard
(Sources: Belum Rainforest Resort Websbite, 2014)
Figure 5.4: Wall construct using fiber cement weatherboard
(Sources: Belum Rainforest Resort Websbite, 2014)
11. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 11
4.1 Benefits of using fiber cement weatherboard
Fiber cement weatherboard provided a lot of benefits such as very low
maintenance, can be used to replace materials such as timber planking, PVCu sidings
and similar materials, simplicity of installation, reusable or recyclable, immune to attack
by pests and insects and others. One of the key advantage of fiber cement siding is
that does not decay, rot or swell. It is a particularly stable product that can resist the
effects of cold winters and hot summers.
Fiber cement weatherboard has been developing in popularity over the past
few years as a great alternative to traditional wood siding and vinyl siding products. It
has the look and quality of natural wood siding. The beauty of fiber cement
weatherboard is that it looks like natural wood siding, but does not require the
maintenance of traditional wood siding. Fiber cement weatherboard manufacturers
offered a range of siding products like standard lap siding, as well as soffits, fascia,
panels, shingles and trim boards. (Mark J, 2005) Fiber cement weatherboard is a great
alternative to traditional wood; it reduces the consumption of resources from nature and
the negative impact toward our mother nature. Fiber-cement weatherboard may be a
suitable alternative for homeowners who want the appearance of wood but don’t want
the hassles and costs related with it. This product is offered from several
manufacturers in a range of textures that are said to provide the appearance of wood.
Besides that, fiber-cement weatherboard are more durable than wood. It is a very
durable product as it is water proof and resistant to termites (Figure 5.5), which are two
things that can rigorously affect the lifetime of siding. (Toolbase.org, 2001)
Figure 5.5: Resistance to Termites
(Tropex Export Website, 2012)
12. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 12
In addition, fiber cement weatherboard also provides safety and
environmental benefits. Fiber cement weatherboard has been used for a long time, but
cellulose fiber has replaced dangerous asbestos in the new fiber cement. Earlier
asbestos cement, first used in the United States in the early 1900s, proved hazardous
to miners and workers exposed to the asbestos fibers, as recounted in a National Park
Service.gov article. Cellulose fiber cement also uses a high percentage of recycled
post-consumer or post-industrial waste wood fiber (Joyce, 2008). Using recycled wood
fiber lessens the amount of wood waste entering landfills and reduces the
environmental impact of mining new material from forests.
Moreover, a percentage of cement substitution such as fly ash also used by
manufacturers to limit the environmental impact of cement production. To limit the
energy and environmental impact of the transportation of materials, fiber cements
products are produced locally from local resources. Sealants, paints, and primers used
for fiber cement weatherboard also contain low amounts of volatile organic compounds
(VOC) that reduce exposure to workers and limit the toxins that contribute to smog.
(Joyce, 2008) Besides that, it is very easy to maintaining the fiber cement siding, as the
material is not likely to warping, fading or buckling over time due to extreme
temperatures and also has high structural strength and resistance to high impact. It is
also fire resistant, which increases a level of safety as well as durability. Many
manufacturers provided a warranty, with some being as long as 50 years. (John, 2013)
Furthermore, fiber cement weatherboard eases to install as well. Installation of
fiber cement siding can be completed by ourselves. As a matter of fact, manufacturers
have specifically designed it so that homeowners can certainly install it themselves.
Moreover, the manufacturers offer important instructions for proper installation that the
homeowner should read first prior to installing the fiber cement siding.
Recommendations include taking precautions to reduce dust exposure, by wearing a
protective dust mask and cutting the siding outside with certain types of saw blades
and cutting equipment. Fiber cement weatherboard is installed with hammer and nails,
or a nail gun like natural wood siding. (Figure 5.7 & Figure 5.8) It can be blind-nailed,
where the piece above it hides the nails below it, or it can be face nailed for extra
strength. (Mark. J, 2005) Typically, an acrylic paint can be applied straight to it after
installing the fiber cement weatherboard to the house. Since the weatherboard comes
pre-primed so only one coat of paint is all that is required.
13. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 13
Figure 5.6: Installation of fiber Cement Weatherboard
(Sources: John Wiley, 2006)
Figure 5.7: Installation of fiber cement weatherboard
(Sources: France Service Website, 2014)
4.2 Disadvantage of Fiber Cement Weatherboard
John (2013) stated that fiber cement weatherboard is not perfect, nevertheless,
and we should consider the disadvantages before making a large investment. First,
fiber cement siding contains of cement, sand, cellulose and silica particles, the product
can generate large amounts of dust when you cut it. Dust masks must be worn at all
times since fiber cement is dusty and contains silica when exposed to the dust, as
breathing in the silica can cause a noncancerous lung condition known as silicosis.
Normally, homeowners are not permitted to install fiber cement siding because of the
14. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 14
health concerns of the dust generated when cutting the material. (Figure 5.8) Proper
precautions need to be taken when installing because there are concerns that the dust
from this material can cause cancer.
Figure 5.8: Dust produced when cutting fiber cement weatherboard
(Sources: Dust control Website, 2014)
Second, cost issues are considered. Though fiber-cement weatherboard is
cheaper than brick, stone, stucco, wood and steel; it is more expensive than vinyl,
hardboard and aluminum. The cost of installing fiber-cement siding per square foot for
both materials and labour is between $2.31 and $2.75 on average. This can be a
obstacle for people requiring more inexpensive siding choices.(Elizabeth, 2002)
Additionally, vinyl and aluminum will never need to be repainted, but fiber cement will
need to be re-painted on a equally regular basis, which adds to the materials overall
cost.
Next, maintaining a home is a full-time job. Something always needs fixing or
attention. Fiber cement siding has no different. The siding is not one complete piece,
but in its place consists of many pieces. Seams occur between the sheets, and we
need to caulk those seams occasionally. (Figure 5.9) Caulk will quickly become dry and
brittle and fall out especially in regions in which there are large temperature extremes.
Figure 5.9: Seams occur on the fiber cement weatherboard wall
(Sources: City data Website, 2011)
15. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 15
In addition, installation of fiber cements weatherboard needs to be done
carefully because the boards can be scratched, chipped or broken fairly easily during
installation and transportation. Also, if the caulking between seams is not done
properly, water can easily penetrate the siding and lead to mold and mildew growth.
The boards are not flexible, so finishing around corners and vents is usually done with
vinyl. The installation should be done by a professional with experience working with
this material. Since it is very hard, and will quickly dull regular saw blades, special
blades are needed to cut this material. They require a circular saw with no less than a
carbide-tip blade for miter and straight cuts. The blade is then discarded at the end of
the job. Diamond-tipped blades last longer, but their cuts are not as clean and take
more time to complete. (Elizabeth, 2002)
Furthermore, fiber cement weatherboard is heavy. The one down side of fiber
cement siding is that it is quite heavy. As a result, special care needs to be made in
transporting and carrying it so that it won’t break or become damaged. (Mark J, 2005)
For example, lap siding comes in long strips that needs to be held on its side, and
supported in the middle, when carrying it to prevent sagging and breakage.
Moreover, the availability of fiber cement weatherboard is considered as well.
Elizabeth, (2002) stated that since the early 1900s, fiber-cement building products have
been manufactured in Australia and the Australian market includes fiber-cement
roofing, siding, trim and underlayment. There are only two companies in the United
States produce fiber-cement weatherboard. In addition, all panel sizes are not available
in all areas of the country. According to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst,
builders have complained about limited product choices because sometimes the only
size available to a builder is the 4-by-8-foot panel, which is more difficult to install than
other cuts.
5.0 Timber and Fiber Cement Weatherboard
Forest Learning, (2011) stated that wood (Figure 6.1) is considered a
sustainable building material because it is derived from a renewable source and has
low embodied energy. This reveals the minimal non-renewable energy used in the
production of timber and its application in construction. Timber structures depend on
less on carbon-emitting heating and cooling appliances than buildings constructed of
other materials due to the inherent sound thermal properties it had.
16. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 16
Besides, wood absorbing humidity in damp conditions and discharging
moisture in dry conditions which act as a natural humidity regulator. Wood is a naturally
aesthetic and adds character and warmth, but more than this it provides exceptional
value for money, especially compared with other high quality materials.
Figure 6.1: Timber as sustainable building materials
(Sources: Bethany Hanna, 2005)
Wood is durable. It has a service life of more than 50 years and always needs
little energy in care and maintenance, mostly the products like hardwoods. Many
Victorian houses still have their original wood windows and floors. This show that wood
is really a material that's simple to use, to maintain and to repair. Figure 6.2 also show
the flooring of Traditional Chalet which constructed using timber. Moreover, wood can
also be recycled and reused, which is important in terms of storing carbon through the
life of a product and its transformation.
17. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 17
Figure 6.2 Timber used to construct flooring
(Sources: Belum Rainforest Resort Website, 2014)
Since the major sources that contribute to tree’s growth are sunlight (energy),
air, water, and nutrients from soils in which they grow, forests themselves are able to
be replenished. To avoid over-harvesting and that man’s intervention does not reduce
the sustainable, long term potential of the resource, it is therefore important that forests
are carefully managed. (Figure 6.3) ‘’If we ensure that forests are regenerated after
each harvest of wood products, they will be around for future generations to use and
enjoy.’’ stated in (Forest Learning, 2011).
Figure 6.3: Beautiful forest for our next generation
(Sources: Adhy Kunto, 2014)
Fiber cement weatherboard and wood are both sustainable building material
which are environmentally responsible because impacts are considered over the life of
18. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 18
the product. Both materials are used to construct Traditional Chalet. Each material
have their own ability to be integrated into building projects thus can help lessen the
environmental impacts attached with the extraction, transport, processing, fabrication,
installation, reuse, recycling, and disposal of these building industry source materials.
(Figure 6.4) Fiber cement weatherboards are developing in popularity over the past few
years as a great alternative to traditional wood siding and vinyl siding products. It has
the look and quality of natural wood siding. The beauty of fiber cement weatherboard is
that it looks like natural wood siding, but does not require the maintenance of traditional
wood siding. Due to this benefit, it reduces the consumption of nature resources such
as timber and minimizes the harmful impact toward our mother nature. Harvesting can
be prevented and forest can be conserved. Then, forest will be around for future
generations to use and enjoy.
Figure 6.4: Trees chopped down to produced building material
(Sources: Rodbot, 2011)
Besides, biotic factors can cause decay of wood by mold fungi; bacteria and
insects but fiber cement weatherboard are resistance to rot, termites and fungi. Due to
the fact, fiber cement weatherboard is more preferred for the construction due to low
maintenance cost required.
19. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 19
6.0 Conclusion:
Hence, it has come to a conclusion that fiber cement weatherboard is a
sustainable building material that provides a lot of advantages that able to conserve
nature effectively. It is really a good alternative of timber and vinyl that able to minimize
the negative effect to the natural environment. The environment can be enhanced and
conserved without cutting down trees thus reduces the consumption of resources from
nature. It is personal point of view that there are many effective aspect provided by
using sustainable building material to conserve nature can be discovered through
research on these case studies.
20. Effectiveness of Fiber Cement Weatherboard used as sustainable building material to
reduce the consumption of resources from nature in Traditional Chalet.
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 20
6.0 References
Benson. J. (2008) Fiber Cement Siding Stands Up to The Test of Time. Retrieved June
3, 2014, from http://www.greenstrides.com/2008/06/09/fiber-cement-siding-stands-up-
to-the-test-of-time/
D.M. Roodman and N. Lenssen, A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health
Concerns are Transforming Construction, Worldwatch Paper 124, Worldwatch Institute,
Washington, D.C., March 1995, p. 5.
Donovan. M.J. (2005) Fiber Cement Siding - A great alternative to Natural Wood Siding
and Vinyl Siding. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from
http://www.homeadditionplus.com/siding-info/Fiber-Cement-Siding.htm
Forest Learning (2011) Why is timber a renewable resource? Retrieved June 5, 2014,
from http://www.forestlearning.edu.au/forests-sustainability/wood-renewable/timber-as-
a-renewable-resource.
Hendricks. S. (2013) Advantages & Disadvantages of Fiber Cement Siding. Retrieved
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fiber-cement-siding.html
Howard. R. (2014) Types of Fiber Cement Siding. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from
http://www.ehow.com/about_6499486_types-fiber-cement-siding.html
Jennings. E. (2013) Fiber-Cement Siding Issues. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from
http://www.ehow.com/info_12011004_fibercement-siding-issues.html
Michael. J. (2012) Negatives of Fiber Cement Siding. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from
http://www.ehow.com/list_6026320_negatives-fiber-cement-siding.html
Miller. R. (2010) What Is Fiber Cement Board? Retrieved May 30, 2014, from
http://www.ehow.com/info_8322395_fiber-cement-board.html
Moore. E. (2011) About Fiber Cement. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from
http://www.ehow.com/about_6610913_fiber-cement.html
Ross Spiegel and Dru Meadows, Green Building Materials: A Guide to Product
Selection and Specification, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999.