Project Report Aloe Vera

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Dr. Zia Ahmed Khan www.ventureart.biz whatsapp: +96567086552
Aloe Vera Project Report
ALOEVERA
By Dr. Zia Ahmed
zia@ventureart.biz

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A. Aloe Vera Linn (Family - Liliaceae) is one of the 200 species of Aloe present in the
world. It is a native of North Africa but presently found abundantly throughout the world.
B. Aloe is derived from Arabia word Alloeh or the Hebren halel meaning a shining bitter
substance and Vera is from Latin word, versus meaning true.
C. Aloe Vera is a plant of great potential and value in the field of therapeutics,
pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. It is used in indigenous (Ayurveda) and Unani
systems of medicine and ill cosmetics, shampoos and anti-dandruff creams, etc. Aloe is
particularly useful in the treatment of burns, blood disorders, chronic constipation, and
skin diseases and as eye drops for relief in sore eyes and redness as well as bleeding
and healing of wounds, etc. It plays an important role in gerontology and rejuvenation.
The color and odor of each variety is characteristic and the taste bitter and nauseous.

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Aloe Pulp processed into Gel.
The fresh PULP of Aloe
Vera leaves (Aloe Vera
Pulp) is processed and
established into juice, gel
and powder and then used
in lotions, creams, soaps
and other cosmetics such
as shampoos. Aloe vera is
highly suitable crop suitable
for growing under rained
arid zones in India. In
irrigated conditions the plant
yields leaves double or triple
times. One Kg. of Aloe gel is obtained by processing 4 Kg. of mature Aloe Vera leaves.
Vitreous Aloe
An amorphous, semitransparent mass called Vitreous aloe or livery aloe is obtained by
heating and concentrating a viscous yellow fluid known as Aloe tic juice. This is
available in very small quantity i.e. a few drops per lead is embedded in the peri-cyclic
cells of the vascular bundles of Aloe Vera leaves.
The aloe tic juice is allowed to flow away without any pressure or other means. The
collected aloe tic juice is heated to get vitreous Aloe. This powder is mainly used to
relieve constipation. It is a powerful purgative and improves digestion. It is also used as

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a dye fixing agent in textile industry. Before extracting Aloe gel from Aloe Vera leaves,
the Aloe tic juice (vitreous aloe) must be separated from the leaves.
Aloe has a high enzyme content (about 92 enzymes), which makes it a rare and
valuable resource because enzymes help the body absorb basic nutrients while also
purifying it.
USES & APPLICATIONS
The Aloe plant has several uses. This plant is sometimes referred as "health plant".
However, the parts used
in indigenous system of
medicine are juice of
leaves and pulp. Aloe
Vera plant has specific
odor, prevalent in the
plant but mainly confined
in the resin portion. It is
now a familiar ingredient
in a range of health care
and cosmetic products
widely available and advertised in shops. Aloe has many therapeutic applications which
are widely accepted in whole world. Aloe latex is an active laxative. Once it has reached
the large intestine, it behaves like a pro-drug. In the colon it is hydrolyzed by the
bacterial flora to form aloe medium9- anthronne, the active metabolic. Aloe gels are
reported to be used for the treatment of various skin conditions (burns, abrasions,
bruises, herpes etc.). Hypogycemic actions have also been reported in Aloe extract
useful for non-insulin dependent diabetics.

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The Aloe gel is obtained by filleting the thick leaf. The gel is colorless, gelatin like with
hair like connective fibers. Aloe gel has been regarded as a safe additive, approved by
US FDA for health drinks and cosmetics and skin care products.
Aloe gel also showed significant acute anti-inflammatory activity. It enhanced wound
contraction and shorter epithelization period and used in ear infection, liccups etc. Aloe
extract, used in association with vitamin E and squalene, is also able to cause
regression of any tumor already formed in mouse skin model.
Aloe extract is also considered as a possible therapy for AIDS, in association with an
antiviral agent (aside thymidine) as it is able to reduce the dosage of anti-viral by up to
90% reducing consequently the side effects.
There is also evidence to show the efficacy of Aloe extract in chronic bronchial
asthmatic patients.
Aloe has also been used for centuries for a multiplicity of human ills, for example to
correct kidney ailments, to enhance sexual excitement, to develop the mammary
glands, to relieve headaches and reduce fever in children.
Numerous clinical studies are now in progress to verify the effects of Aloe total extract
not only in these diseases but also in arthritis and possibly colitis.
The therapeutic efficacy of the clear gel taken from Aloe Vera leaves depends on the
freshness of the gel. For example, exposure of the gel to light and air for about 1.5
hours greatly diminishes the therapeutic power of the gel and may totally destroy it for
some applications.
Aloe is reported to be tonic in small doses whereas in large doses it acts as purgative. It
has been a favorite remedy for intestinal worms in children and anti-dysenteric. In the
form of a lotion, it is recommended in catarrhal and purulent ophthalmic. Aloe dissolved
in spirit is used as a hair dye to stimulate hair growth. A sweet confection prepared from

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the pulp of leaves is given in piles. Pulp mixed with honey and turmeric is recommended
in coughs and colds. The juice of the leaves is useful in painful inflammations and
chronic ulcers. Aloe based soft drinks are very common in Japan, Korea and some
European countries.
More recently, the use of Aloe gel in radiation burns has been advocated for relief from
pain and itching and to keep down keratosis and ulceration thus slowing any possible
change towards malignancy. Aloe for cosmetics: In modern days Aloe is also used for
the production of medicated ointments, cosmetic creams - cold creams, anti-dandruff
shampoos and lotions etc.
General Medicinal uses of ALOEVERA Plant:
Fresh Aloe pith Medicinal
Uses
Healing and cicatrized
wound, for new hair
growth, cures various skin
diseases
In treatment of X-ray
reactions and in radiation
therapy, useful in palme
eczema, ulcers on amputation stumps ulcers of advanced mammary carcinoma poison
and burns.
Purgative

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Relieve pain, burning and itching has antiseptic action, stimulation of rapid granulation
and formation of new tissues, in electric injury, in treatment of arterial drug abuse, etc.
General Details
When the parenchyma (the mucilaginous material in the leaves) is removed, the so
called PULP or GEL-FILET is obtained.
When the fibers are removed an opalescent liquid remains that is commonly called
"Aloe Vera Gel" and after preservation, this is the liquid that is used in skin preparations
and health drinks.
Content of Aloe Vera gel
Aloe Vera gel consists
of around 99.3% of
water. The remaining
0.7% are the solids
that consist for a large
part of
polysaccharides of
glucose and mannose
type.
Together with the
enzymes and amino-
acids in the gel, they
give the gel the special
properties as a skin care product.

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The natural juice is sometimes concentrated i.e., the water content in the juice is
removed by heat at low temperature under vacuum.
Sectors of application
The gel stimulates cell growth and as such enhances the restoration of damaged skin. It
moisturizes the skin because it has a water holding capacity.
This moisture on the skin also has a cooling effect. As a drink, it protects the mucous
membrane of the stomach especially when irritated or damaged.
Cosmetic Sector
Creams, Shampoos, Hand lotion, Sun tan lotion, Talcum powder, Shampoo, Shaving
lotion, Antiperspirant, Toothpaste, General moisturizer, Moisturizing and anti-
inflammatory, For glossy and, silky hair, Hair conditioner

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HARVESTING & PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
Aloe Vera gel is produced from the pulp in the leaves. Harvesting of leaves is done
when the crop reaches maturity (about 8 to 10 months after planting in the fields).
Leaves are cut by a sharp blade near the base of the plant. Leaves show loss of
biological activity after a few hours (about 6 hours) following harvest. Most of biological
activities is completely lost 24 hours after harvest at ambient temperatures.
Decrease in activity happens even when the leaves are stored in refrigerated
conditions, then rate of loss of activity is greatly reduced.
Activity loss is also due to microbial decay of the pulp. High microbial counts will
significantly reduce the biological activity of the product. The first exposure of the inner
gel to microbes is when the leaves are harvested from the plant. Improper harvest of
leaves (leaves in which the base is not intact and scaled) will greatly increase the
microbial counts in the finished product.

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In fact it has been shown that the pulp, once extracted from the leaf and process has
greater stability than pulp that is left in the leaf. This means shipping of leaves, even at
refrigerated temperatures, will result in loss of biological activity. The overall timing of
processing after harvest is extremely critical.
Handling and process timing
The processing of the leaves and production must be completed as early as possible
and in any case, within 36 hours of harvesting of the leaves. Leaves must be carefully
handled while harvesting to prevent breakage and bruising. The other major source of
microbial contamination is from the rind of the leaves.
To prevent contamination of the gel, the leaves are soaked in a food grade disinfectant,
which effectively reduces the microbial count.
The harvested leaves come with number of foreign impurities such as stone, dust, mud
etc. It is therefore, first, cleaned and then reduced to suitable size so as to facilitate
extraction of pulp.
C. Conditions for processing.
The effectiveness of Aloe Vera products depends on 1) its cultivation 2) the timing of
harvest 3) the timing of processing as also the 4) Process method and 5) the plant and
machineries for processing.
Aloe Vera pulp extracted from the center of the leaves contains celluloid matter that
gives it a semi solid consistency.
The celluloid pulp extracted from leaves is processed at low temperature to produce
aloe vera gel. Filtering is done in number of stages without involving much heat so that
nutrients are preserved.

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Internationally, Aloe products are manufactured using cold stabilized conditions to get
concentrated PURE Aloe vera gel. Such process makes it possible to preserve the
vitamins, minerals, enzymes and amino acids found in the fresh plant.
The process starts with separation of bitter yellowish liquid present in the leaves in very
small quantity (few drops). This is irritant and laxative substance making the leaves/pulp
unsuitable for consumption unless removed. This liquid is collected and dried to get light
brown powder which is drug aloe. Sulphates are also extracted in the process because
of the risk of allergic reactions.
Guidelines for Aloe Vera Harvesting and
Processing
Do not use pesticides or herbicides in the field. Extract the gel from freshly harvested
ripe leaves. This needs to be process within 3 to 6 hours of harvesting. This process
must be at low temperature - cold process, to preserve all important ingredients. Aloin
and Sulphites must be removed to prevent irritation. Do not use artificial flavoring or
coloring of the gel. Take adequate precaution and hygiene.
Brief outline of process
Processing of the leaves is to be done within 3 to 6 hours of harvesting. The plants are
collected and cleaned properly to remove dirt and other microorganisms. 'The pulp is
subjected to further process of filleting, homogenization, filtering, pasteurization and
packing. The pulp obtained directly from the plant contains 0.5 to 1.5% total solids. Aloe
Vera gel is extracted from fillet at temperature not exceeding 40 degree C.

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Leaves are scrubbed and rinsed repeatedly and cold pressed to get inner pulp. It is
cleaned of all fibers.
Aloe Vera gel is made aloin free and sulphite free to avoid irritations. 'The Aloe gel
concentrate is prepared by evaporation of the gel having 0.5 to 1.5% total solids under
low temperature. The gel concentrate so obtained may be spray dried or freeze dried to
get dry powder. For preserving some additive are added as approved by the client.
Important Process conditions
1. 'The important key elements optimum time, temperature and sanitation.
2. Aloe Vera gel is an unstable product when extracted, it starts losing it nutrient value
with in few hours of harvest.
3. It is susceptible to discoloration and spoilage from contamination by microorganisms.
4. Proper stabilizing procedures are required before it is packed and stored.
5. Certain anionic polysaccharides are added to improve the stability and rheology of
the gel.
6. Optimum Quality is ensured through low temperature cold process.
7. Low temperature process preserves nutritive elements and principal actives viz.
vitamins, minerals, enzymes and amino acids.
The Aloe Vera can be processed either as whole leaf or by removing the pulp from
leaves.

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Advantages of whole leaf cold process
Increased total solids concentration.
Increased polysaccharides concentration.
Virtual absence of anthroquinones.
Increased permeability factors for enhanced uptake.
Increased growth factors for quicker healing.
VI. Broader range of micronutrients that rev up immunity.
Advantages of extracted pulp process
1. Better quality product.
2. Higher purity.
3. Higher medicinal and nutrient value.

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Strategy for process control
Cultivation of Aloe Vera under own super vision. Avoid use of pesticides/herbicides in
the agricultural field. Extract from freshly harvested ripe leaves immediately after
harvesting. Stabilization : adopt stabilization systems to meet specific applications or
governmental regulations.
Avoid artificial flavoring or coloring to gel. Use proper packing bottles. Purification and
conservation - key to the Aloe product quality.

Project Report Aloe Vera

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