Maharashtra has always faced droughts. The drought has persisted for four consecutive years and has affected drinking water security and crop production and productivity severely all over the Maharashtra state. Maharashtra government has launched a new program named Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan to make Maharashtra a drought-free state by 2019. The JYS proposes a framework for village level water balance calculation which includes estimation of crop-water requirements, drinking water stress etc. JYS promotes an integration and coordination between various government agencies and program during planning and implementation levels and stresses on people's participation as one of the key objectives. The program aims to make 5000 villages free of water scarcity every year. This transformation has been possible with concentrated efforts towards developing watersheds, improving ground water levels, de-silting and decentralizing water sources and increasing the area under irrigation.
The document presents an assessment of the Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan (JYS), a water conservation program launched by the Maharashtra government. It summarizes the objectives and activities of JYS, which include constructing various structures like contour trenches, stream widening, bunding, and farm ponds. The study assesses various JYS structures constructed in Jambhala village in terms of location, structural soundness, and benefits. It finds that while JYS helped store water, lack of rainfall meant structures could not store enough water, impacting farmers' livelihoods. The document recommends ensuring proper structure, management, and skilled labor for JYS to achieve its goal of a drought-free Marathw
This document provides a list of 50 potential water resource engineering projects for BE/BTech and ME/MTech students. The projects cover a wide range of topics related to water such as groundwater potential and quality studies, water treatment plant design, rainwater harvesting, river training works, and interlinking of rivers. Contact information is provided for Sree Samarth Project Solution in Aurangabad for students interested in pursuing one of the projects.
supplying wholesome water to consumers with suitable methods in economical way,to exist human life water is very important as air is,so,as a civil engineer's we have to supply safe water to consumers in economical way,in this we are going to explain about component parts of water supply scheme,systems of water distribution and layouts of distribution system according to their suitability.
This file contains a presentation on " interlinking of rivers in India ". Describing the efforts made in past, present scenario, possibilities, problems their solution and alternatives.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on lift irrigation systems. It defines lift irrigation as transporting water via pumps rather than gravity, and outlines the key components. These include using pumps to carry water from its source to a delivery chamber and then distributing it to desired locations. Distribution is done through a mapped contour system with pipes and valves. The benefits of lift irrigation are that it allows irrigation at higher elevations, requires less land acquisition and manpower, and has lower water losses. Requirements include a constant water source throughout the year and pumps to lift water to the desired location.
project report on water supply works under supervision of indian railwaysDevesh Chaurasia
1. The document is a summer training report submitted by Devesh Kumar Chaurasia, a civil engineering student, about his training at the Jamalpur Workshop Water Supply project.
2. The report provides details of the water supply system for railway installations at Jamalpur, including water intake from the Ganges River, storage tanks, water treatment plant, and distribution system.
3. Chaurasia observed various aspects of the project including the water demand, pipe networks, storage facilities, treatment processes, and discusses the future scope of upgrading aging infrastructure to meet growing demand.
The document presents an assessment of the Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan (JYS), a water conservation program launched by the Maharashtra government. It summarizes the objectives and activities of JYS, which include constructing various structures like contour trenches, stream widening, bunding, and farm ponds. The study assesses various JYS structures constructed in Jambhala village in terms of location, structural soundness, and benefits. It finds that while JYS helped store water, lack of rainfall meant structures could not store enough water, impacting farmers' livelihoods. The document recommends ensuring proper structure, management, and skilled labor for JYS to achieve its goal of a drought-free Marathw
This document provides a list of 50 potential water resource engineering projects for BE/BTech and ME/MTech students. The projects cover a wide range of topics related to water such as groundwater potential and quality studies, water treatment plant design, rainwater harvesting, river training works, and interlinking of rivers. Contact information is provided for Sree Samarth Project Solution in Aurangabad for students interested in pursuing one of the projects.
supplying wholesome water to consumers with suitable methods in economical way,to exist human life water is very important as air is,so,as a civil engineer's we have to supply safe water to consumers in economical way,in this we are going to explain about component parts of water supply scheme,systems of water distribution and layouts of distribution system according to their suitability.
This file contains a presentation on " interlinking of rivers in India ". Describing the efforts made in past, present scenario, possibilities, problems their solution and alternatives.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on lift irrigation systems. It defines lift irrigation as transporting water via pumps rather than gravity, and outlines the key components. These include using pumps to carry water from its source to a delivery chamber and then distributing it to desired locations. Distribution is done through a mapped contour system with pipes and valves. The benefits of lift irrigation are that it allows irrigation at higher elevations, requires less land acquisition and manpower, and has lower water losses. Requirements include a constant water source throughout the year and pumps to lift water to the desired location.
project report on water supply works under supervision of indian railwaysDevesh Chaurasia
1. The document is a summer training report submitted by Devesh Kumar Chaurasia, a civil engineering student, about his training at the Jamalpur Workshop Water Supply project.
2. The report provides details of the water supply system for railway installations at Jamalpur, including water intake from the Ganges River, storage tanks, water treatment plant, and distribution system.
3. Chaurasia observed various aspects of the project including the water demand, pipe networks, storage facilities, treatment processes, and discusses the future scope of upgrading aging infrastructure to meet growing demand.
This document discusses various types of canal regulation works including canal falls, escapes, regulators, and outlets. It describes the necessity and types of canal falls, which are constructed when the natural ground slope is steeper than the designed canal bed slope. The types of falls discussed include ogee falls, stepped falls, vertical falls, rapid falls, straight glacis falls, trapezoidal notch falls, well or cylinder notch falls, Montague type falls, and Inglis or baffle falls. The document also discusses canal escapes, head regulators, cross regulators, silt control devices, and canal outlets/modules. In particular, it explains the functions and construction of head regulators and cross regulators.
The water resources of Karnataka primarily constitutes surface and groundwater. Rainfall is the basic source of water in the state. Karnataka is blessed with seven river basins. There are 36,753 tanks in the state and they have a capacity of about 684518 hectares. The rivers, along with their tributaries, account for much of Karnataka’s surface water resources. Surface water is available in Karnataka in the form of rivers, lakes, waterfalls, reservoirs, etc. Being the seventh largest state in India (area-wise), Karnataka possesses about six percent of the country’s total surface water resources of about 17 lakh million cubic metres (Mcum).
The document discusses India's Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) and the role of Gram Panchayats (GPs) in implementing the mission. Key points:
- JJM aims to provide Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) delivering adequate, regular, and safe drinking water to every rural home by 2024. GPs are responsible for water supply and management in rural areas.
- Village Action Plans will be prepared by each GP to map out water sources, infrastructure needs, and implementation approach based on single or multi-village schemes.
- GPs will verify baseline data, monitor water quality and quantity, develop local human resources, and sustain water systems through community contribution,
This document lists 47 water resource engineering projects available for students in BE/B.Tech and ME/M.Tech programs through Sree Samarth Project Solution located in Aurangabad, India. The projects cover a wide range of topics including groundwater inventory, water treatment, water quality analysis, rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling and more. Contact is provided for Lakade Sagar at the listed phone number and email for more details on the available projects.
This document provides guidelines for designing irrigation channels, including:
1. Typical canal cross-sections, side slopes, berms, freeboard, banks, and other design elements are described.
2. Methods for calculating balancing depth to minimize earthworks and borrow pits are outlined.
3. The design procedure is demonstrated through an example that involves plotting longitudinal sections, calculating discharges and losses, and using Garret's diagram to determine channel dimensions.
Industrial Visit report of Dam prepared by _Er. Ganesh Raut_ Sewri Engineerin...Ganesh Raut
The document summarizes an industrial visit by civil engineering students to Ujjani Dam located on the Bhima River in Maharashtra, India. Key details include:
- The 56.4 m high earth and concrete gravity dam creates a reservoir with storage capacity of 3.32 cubic km to provide irrigation, hydropower, and water supply.
- Students toured the dam and learned about its features, the power station, canal system, and benefits of the project in irrigating agriculture and reducing flood risks.
- The Ujjani Dam is the largest and terminal dam on the Bhima River basin, intercepting a catchment area of 14,858 square km.
Types of rural roads and network planningvijay reddy
Rural roads play a key role in rural development by providing access to economic and social services. There are different types of rural roads including other district roads and village roads, which make up the majority of India's road network. Proper planning of the rural road network involves optimal use of materials, ensuring access to services for all villages, and taking a long-term approach. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana program was launched in 2001 to provide all-weather road connections to rural villages over a certain population size, with the goal being successfully achieved.
This document provides an overview of reservoir planning and surveys. It discusses the different types of reservoirs and surveys conducted in reservoir planning, including reconnaissance, preliminary, and detailed surveys. Key steps in reservoir planning include engineering, hydrological, and geological surveys to identify suitable dam sites and storage capacity. Control levels like top bund level, high flood level, and full tank level are also discussed. Factors affecting silting and methods to control silting are outlined. The document provides details on various stages of reservoir planning and development.
This document is a mini project report on rainwater harvesting submitted by a group of students from the Department of Civil Engineering at Government Polytechnic College Meenangadi. The report discusses the need for rainwater harvesting in India due to increasing population pressure on water resources. It describes various methods of rainwater harvesting including rooftop, groundwater, and surface runoff harvesting. Traditional and modern rainwater harvesting techniques used in India are explained. The applications of harvested rainwater for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses are covered. The report also includes a case study and conclusions on the benefits of rainwater harvesting.
The annual rainfall of Iran is about 13% as compared to rainfall in India. Despite of it, due to employing Rainwater Harvesting techniques and better water management , the government of Iran has been able to match up the water demands of the citizens of Iran.The presentations gives an overview of torography,technology, various rainwater harvesting structures employed in Iran.
A compass consists of a magnetic needle, graduated circle, and sighting components housed in a box. There are two main types used for angle measurement: a prismatic compass and a surveyor's compass. A prismatic compass has a fixed graduated card and prism for viewing, while a surveyor's compass rotates the graduated circle and has a slit instead of a prism. Plane table surveying is a graphical surveying method where field observations and plotting are done simultaneously using a plane table, alidade, and other accessories. Common plane table methods include radiation, intersection, traversing, and resection. Potential errors in plane table surveying can arise from imperfect instruments, sighting mistakes, or incorrect plotting.
This document is a project report on road modification survey and construction submitted by Mohammad Danish Anwar in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses an industrial training placement with the PWD department where the trainee gained experience in road construction and survey tasks using an autolevel machine. The report provides details on road materials testing, construction methodology, types of pavement and coatings, and concludes the road work was successfully completed.
The document provides an overview of water resources management in the state of Gujarat, India. Some key points:
- Gujarat has a total geographical area of 19.6 million hectares and culturable area of 12.4 million hectares. The state's ultimate irrigation potential is 6.75 million hectares.
- Major sources of water include surface water sources like dams and canals totaling 38,100 MCM, and groundwater sources totaling 17,500 MCM.
- Innovative approaches taken by Gujarat include water conservation efforts, micro irrigation projects, participatory irrigation management, and inter-basin water transfer projects.
- Notable projects include S
This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the necessity of irrigation due to factors like insufficient rainfall and uneven distribution. It describes different types of irrigation systems including flow irrigation, lift irrigation, and storage irrigation. It also defines important terms used in irrigation like duty, delta, command area. The document outlines the benefits of irrigation such as increased crop yields and prosperity of farmers. It also notes some ill effects like raising water tables and creating breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Overall, the document provides a broad introduction to key concepts in irrigation engineering.
Regulation works are structures constructed to regulate water flow in canals. The main types are head regulators, cross regulators, canal escapes, and canal outlets. Head regulators control water entry into off-taking channels from parent channels. Cross regulators are located downstream of off-takes and help control water levels and closures for repairs. Canal outlets connect distribution channels to field channels and supply water to irrigation fields at regulated discharges.
This document describes how to derive a required time (T) unit hydrograph from a given time (D) unit hydrograph when T is not a multiple of D using the S-curve method. It explains that an S-curve hydrograph is generated by continuous, uniform effective rainfall and rises continuously in the shape of an S until equilibrium is reached. The ordinates of the S-curve can be calculated using the equation S(t) = U(t) + S(t-D), where S(t) is the ordinate of the S-curve at time t, U(t) is the ordinate of the given unit hydrograph at time t, and S(t-D) is the
This document summarizes different types of tube wells based on various classification criteria. It describes tube wells as holes bored into the ground to tap groundwater from deep aquifers. Tube wells are classified based on their entry of water, construction method, depth, and type of aquifer tapped. Shallow tube wells are usually less than 60m deep while deep tube wells range from 60-300m deep. Tube wells can be screen wells, cavity wells, drilled wells, driven wells, or jetted wells depending on their construction method. They can tap water table aquifers, semi-artesian aquifers, or artesian aquifers based on the aquifer type.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Ravi Gupta for his Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. The report provides an overview of the Public Works Department in Uttar Pradesh and discusses the construction of cement concrete pavement. It describes the different types of pavements and materials used in concrete pavement construction, including cement, sand, aggregate, and minerals. The report outlines the procedures for constructing concrete pavement, from preparing the subgrade to placing, curing and protecting the concrete. It also includes cost analysis and conclusions from the summer training project observing concrete pavement construction.
IRJET- A Research Paper on Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan Assessment (Sonavade) and D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that assesses the Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan (JSA), a government program in Maharashtra, India aimed at making villages water self-sufficient. The paper describes the background and goals of JSA, which was launched to address increasing water stress in Maharashtra. It then outlines the methodology used for an on-field assessment of JSA works in Sonavade village, including evaluating the quality, utility, and impact of structures built under the program. Over three days, the researchers visited various intervention sites, conducted interviews, and found that while the structures were of good quality initially, siltation reduced their capacity over time and more maintenance was needed.
Presented by IWMI's Tushaar Shar and Shilp Verma at a meeting on rethinking the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) irrigation programme held in Raipur, Chhattisgarh in India, on September 8, 2016
This document discusses various types of canal regulation works including canal falls, escapes, regulators, and outlets. It describes the necessity and types of canal falls, which are constructed when the natural ground slope is steeper than the designed canal bed slope. The types of falls discussed include ogee falls, stepped falls, vertical falls, rapid falls, straight glacis falls, trapezoidal notch falls, well or cylinder notch falls, Montague type falls, and Inglis or baffle falls. The document also discusses canal escapes, head regulators, cross regulators, silt control devices, and canal outlets/modules. In particular, it explains the functions and construction of head regulators and cross regulators.
The water resources of Karnataka primarily constitutes surface and groundwater. Rainfall is the basic source of water in the state. Karnataka is blessed with seven river basins. There are 36,753 tanks in the state and they have a capacity of about 684518 hectares. The rivers, along with their tributaries, account for much of Karnataka’s surface water resources. Surface water is available in Karnataka in the form of rivers, lakes, waterfalls, reservoirs, etc. Being the seventh largest state in India (area-wise), Karnataka possesses about six percent of the country’s total surface water resources of about 17 lakh million cubic metres (Mcum).
The document discusses India's Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) and the role of Gram Panchayats (GPs) in implementing the mission. Key points:
- JJM aims to provide Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) delivering adequate, regular, and safe drinking water to every rural home by 2024. GPs are responsible for water supply and management in rural areas.
- Village Action Plans will be prepared by each GP to map out water sources, infrastructure needs, and implementation approach based on single or multi-village schemes.
- GPs will verify baseline data, monitor water quality and quantity, develop local human resources, and sustain water systems through community contribution,
This document lists 47 water resource engineering projects available for students in BE/B.Tech and ME/M.Tech programs through Sree Samarth Project Solution located in Aurangabad, India. The projects cover a wide range of topics including groundwater inventory, water treatment, water quality analysis, rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling and more. Contact is provided for Lakade Sagar at the listed phone number and email for more details on the available projects.
This document provides guidelines for designing irrigation channels, including:
1. Typical canal cross-sections, side slopes, berms, freeboard, banks, and other design elements are described.
2. Methods for calculating balancing depth to minimize earthworks and borrow pits are outlined.
3. The design procedure is demonstrated through an example that involves plotting longitudinal sections, calculating discharges and losses, and using Garret's diagram to determine channel dimensions.
Industrial Visit report of Dam prepared by _Er. Ganesh Raut_ Sewri Engineerin...Ganesh Raut
The document summarizes an industrial visit by civil engineering students to Ujjani Dam located on the Bhima River in Maharashtra, India. Key details include:
- The 56.4 m high earth and concrete gravity dam creates a reservoir with storage capacity of 3.32 cubic km to provide irrigation, hydropower, and water supply.
- Students toured the dam and learned about its features, the power station, canal system, and benefits of the project in irrigating agriculture and reducing flood risks.
- The Ujjani Dam is the largest and terminal dam on the Bhima River basin, intercepting a catchment area of 14,858 square km.
Types of rural roads and network planningvijay reddy
Rural roads play a key role in rural development by providing access to economic and social services. There are different types of rural roads including other district roads and village roads, which make up the majority of India's road network. Proper planning of the rural road network involves optimal use of materials, ensuring access to services for all villages, and taking a long-term approach. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana program was launched in 2001 to provide all-weather road connections to rural villages over a certain population size, with the goal being successfully achieved.
This document provides an overview of reservoir planning and surveys. It discusses the different types of reservoirs and surveys conducted in reservoir planning, including reconnaissance, preliminary, and detailed surveys. Key steps in reservoir planning include engineering, hydrological, and geological surveys to identify suitable dam sites and storage capacity. Control levels like top bund level, high flood level, and full tank level are also discussed. Factors affecting silting and methods to control silting are outlined. The document provides details on various stages of reservoir planning and development.
This document is a mini project report on rainwater harvesting submitted by a group of students from the Department of Civil Engineering at Government Polytechnic College Meenangadi. The report discusses the need for rainwater harvesting in India due to increasing population pressure on water resources. It describes various methods of rainwater harvesting including rooftop, groundwater, and surface runoff harvesting. Traditional and modern rainwater harvesting techniques used in India are explained. The applications of harvested rainwater for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses are covered. The report also includes a case study and conclusions on the benefits of rainwater harvesting.
The annual rainfall of Iran is about 13% as compared to rainfall in India. Despite of it, due to employing Rainwater Harvesting techniques and better water management , the government of Iran has been able to match up the water demands of the citizens of Iran.The presentations gives an overview of torography,technology, various rainwater harvesting structures employed in Iran.
A compass consists of a magnetic needle, graduated circle, and sighting components housed in a box. There are two main types used for angle measurement: a prismatic compass and a surveyor's compass. A prismatic compass has a fixed graduated card and prism for viewing, while a surveyor's compass rotates the graduated circle and has a slit instead of a prism. Plane table surveying is a graphical surveying method where field observations and plotting are done simultaneously using a plane table, alidade, and other accessories. Common plane table methods include radiation, intersection, traversing, and resection. Potential errors in plane table surveying can arise from imperfect instruments, sighting mistakes, or incorrect plotting.
This document is a project report on road modification survey and construction submitted by Mohammad Danish Anwar in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses an industrial training placement with the PWD department where the trainee gained experience in road construction and survey tasks using an autolevel machine. The report provides details on road materials testing, construction methodology, types of pavement and coatings, and concludes the road work was successfully completed.
The document provides an overview of water resources management in the state of Gujarat, India. Some key points:
- Gujarat has a total geographical area of 19.6 million hectares and culturable area of 12.4 million hectares. The state's ultimate irrigation potential is 6.75 million hectares.
- Major sources of water include surface water sources like dams and canals totaling 38,100 MCM, and groundwater sources totaling 17,500 MCM.
- Innovative approaches taken by Gujarat include water conservation efforts, micro irrigation projects, participatory irrigation management, and inter-basin water transfer projects.
- Notable projects include S
This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the necessity of irrigation due to factors like insufficient rainfall and uneven distribution. It describes different types of irrigation systems including flow irrigation, lift irrigation, and storage irrigation. It also defines important terms used in irrigation like duty, delta, command area. The document outlines the benefits of irrigation such as increased crop yields and prosperity of farmers. It also notes some ill effects like raising water tables and creating breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Overall, the document provides a broad introduction to key concepts in irrigation engineering.
Regulation works are structures constructed to regulate water flow in canals. The main types are head regulators, cross regulators, canal escapes, and canal outlets. Head regulators control water entry into off-taking channels from parent channels. Cross regulators are located downstream of off-takes and help control water levels and closures for repairs. Canal outlets connect distribution channels to field channels and supply water to irrigation fields at regulated discharges.
This document describes how to derive a required time (T) unit hydrograph from a given time (D) unit hydrograph when T is not a multiple of D using the S-curve method. It explains that an S-curve hydrograph is generated by continuous, uniform effective rainfall and rises continuously in the shape of an S until equilibrium is reached. The ordinates of the S-curve can be calculated using the equation S(t) = U(t) + S(t-D), where S(t) is the ordinate of the S-curve at time t, U(t) is the ordinate of the given unit hydrograph at time t, and S(t-D) is the
This document summarizes different types of tube wells based on various classification criteria. It describes tube wells as holes bored into the ground to tap groundwater from deep aquifers. Tube wells are classified based on their entry of water, construction method, depth, and type of aquifer tapped. Shallow tube wells are usually less than 60m deep while deep tube wells range from 60-300m deep. Tube wells can be screen wells, cavity wells, drilled wells, driven wells, or jetted wells depending on their construction method. They can tap water table aquifers, semi-artesian aquifers, or artesian aquifers based on the aquifer type.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Ravi Gupta for his Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. The report provides an overview of the Public Works Department in Uttar Pradesh and discusses the construction of cement concrete pavement. It describes the different types of pavements and materials used in concrete pavement construction, including cement, sand, aggregate, and minerals. The report outlines the procedures for constructing concrete pavement, from preparing the subgrade to placing, curing and protecting the concrete. It also includes cost analysis and conclusions from the summer training project observing concrete pavement construction.
IRJET- A Research Paper on Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan Assessment (Sonavade) and D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that assesses the Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan (JSA), a government program in Maharashtra, India aimed at making villages water self-sufficient. The paper describes the background and goals of JSA, which was launched to address increasing water stress in Maharashtra. It then outlines the methodology used for an on-field assessment of JSA works in Sonavade village, including evaluating the quality, utility, and impact of structures built under the program. Over three days, the researchers visited various intervention sites, conducted interviews, and found that while the structures were of good quality initially, siltation reduced their capacity over time and more maintenance was needed.
Presented by IWMI's Tushaar Shar and Shilp Verma at a meeting on rethinking the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) irrigation programme held in Raipur, Chhattisgarh in India, on September 8, 2016
IRJET - A Geographical Study of Nilwande Canal in Ahmednagar District, Pravar...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the Nilwande Canal irrigation project in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra, India. It examines the current state of the Nilwande Canal and its left and right branches. The canal irrigates over 64,260 hectares of land across 182 villages in Ahmednagar and Nashik districts. The left canal branches include the Talegaon and Kopargaon branches. Work is ongoing on various sections of the left and right canals. A proposed high level canal could irrigate an additional 1,572 hectares of land through pipes. The project aims to boost irrigation and agriculture in the drought-prone region.
Status of water & sanitation in gujarat ih&sg finalpravah
The document discusses the status of drinking water and sanitation in rural Gujarat. It aims to comprehensively understand the status across different regions, seasonal variations, government schemes, source sustainability, water quality, and technologies used. The study used secondary data analysis and primary data collection through surveys and focus groups across 540 villages in 54 blocks representing 5 geo-climatic regions of the state. Key findings included water scarcity issues particularly in Saurashtra and Kutch, dependence on groundwater with increasing salinity and contamination issues, and government schemes focusing on regional water supply schemes and master plans during drought periods.
Status of water & sanitation in gujarat ih&sg finalpravah
This document summarizes a study on the status of drinking water and sanitation in rural Gujarat, India. The study had several objectives: to understand the status comprehensively across different regions; to examine seasonal variations; to assess government programs; to study different water sources and technologies; and to make recommendations. The methodology included analyzing secondary data, surveying 540 villages across 30 districts, and focus group discussions. Key findings included various sources of water across regions, issues of water quality and sustainability, and the role of government schemes in addressing challenges like water scarcity.
IRJET- Preliminary Survey and Shared Vision Planning for a Smart VillageIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a preliminary survey and shared vision planning for developing an existing village into a smart village. Based on surveys of three villages, the main problem identified was lack of proper irrigation for agricultural lands.
2) A design for a lift irrigation system is proposed to pump water from a nearby river to irrigate farms in all three villages. Key components discussed include an intake structure, selection of pumps, pipe design, and suitable irrigation techniques.
3) The proposed irrigation system aims to address the priority problem identified through stakeholder engagement and make agriculture more sustainable, boosting the local economy.
With Newsletter of Vibrant Gujarat stay updated with latest news, information, updates and activities. Your preferred investment destination, Vibrant Gujarat is adding milestones with newer development initiatives.
Utilization of Existing Water Sources for Irrigation Purposes-Case Study of K...IRJET Journal
1) The village of Kheware in India faces water scarcity issues that limit farmers to only one crop per year due to unreliable water sources.
2) A study was conducted to analyze Kheware's current water situation including surface and groundwater sources as well as rainfall patterns and village water demand.
3) The study found that an existing percolation tank and groundwater sources like wells provide some water but levels drop significantly in summer, while adequate rainfall runs off without being captured for future use.
Water resources are crucial for Maharashtra given its large population and cultivation needs. However, only 18% of cultivable land has irrigation due to incomplete and scam-ridden irrigation projects. The state faces major issues like dominance of cities over water and lack of rainfall in some regions leading to droughts and farmer suicides. The government is taking measures like new schemes to complete irrigation projects and assist drought-stricken farmers, but needs reforms to improve water management, encourage conservation and ensure resources are used efficiently for agriculture. Benchmarking performance against other states and implementing new policies, technology, and local participation can help optimize water usage.
“DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME IN VILLAGE – BANEGAON, TALUKA – NORTH SOLAPUR,...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a water supply scheme for the village of Banegaon in Maharashtra, India. It notes that the village currently has insufficient water access, with women having to travel over 2 km each day to collect water. The study aims to design an improved water supply system to meet the needs of the village for the next 5 decades, accounting for projected population growth. It involves reviewing the existing system, forecasting future population, and designing an upgraded water supply network. The document provides background on water supply systems and factors considered in their design. It also reviews several other studies related to rural water supply schemes in India.
IRJET- Seasonal Variations in Physico- Chemical Characteristics of Devara...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seasonal variations in physicochemical characteristics of the Devarabelakere Reservoir in Karnataka, India and its suitability for irrigation. Water samples were collected from the reservoir, canal, return flows, and streams in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Various physicochemical parameters were analyzed to determine the water quality index (WQI), which indicated that the reservoir water is suitable for irrigation purposes in both seasons according to WHO standards. The weighted arithmetic index method was used to calculate the WQI.
The document discusses water conservation efforts in Raigad district of Maharashtra led by Hirwal Pratishthan. It summarizes the key projects undertaken including the Gandhari River Rejuvenation Project involving construction of embankments and desilting. It provides details of average rainfall in Raigad district and the water scarcity situation with increasing number of villages dependent on water tankers. The proposed action plan focuses on repairing water infrastructure, increasing awareness, sustainable solutions for villages to be free from tankers. Photos show before and after pictures of repaired dams and embankments.
This document discusses irrigation water management in India. It provides background on irrigation's role in India's agricultural production, noting that over 55% of output comes from irrigated lands. It also details irrigation statistics in India such as total area, arable land area, and water availability. The document outlines India's classification of irrigation projects and discusses various irrigation policies, strategies and case studies. It provides an in-depth case study of the Samrat Ashoka Sagar Irrigation Project, describing its location, command area, participating organizations, and functions of water user associations. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of irrigation for food production in India and the role of farmer organizations in irrigation management.
Agricultural drainage from waterlogged soils and indian experiencesSuyog Khose
This document discusses agricultural drainage from waterlogged soils in India. It notes that while irrigation development increased post-independence, drainage systems were often neglected, leading to issues like waterlogging and soil salinization. It estimates that 4.528 million hectares and 7.006 million hectares of land in India are affected by waterlogging and salinity respectively. The document outlines different types of drainage systems that can be used to reclaim degraded lands, including surface drainage, subsurface drainage, mole drainage and vertical drainage. Subsurface drainage using perforated underground pipes is commonly used.
The document summarizes a case study analyzing drinking water issues in drought-affected villages in Shahapur district, Maharashtra, India. The researchers evaluated water availability and supply schemes for 15 villages, comparing the costs of proposed pipeline schemes to the current expensive tanker system. For 9 villages near reservoirs, the researchers designed an affordable multi-village piped water scheme connecting to Musai Lake costing Rs. 988 per person, much less than continuing tanker deliveries. For 6 remote villages, the study recommended water storage structures and techniques like bore blasting to improve supply. The proposed solutions could help address water scarcity cost-effectively in similar rural areas.
Inter basin water transfers in india – a solution to hydrological extremitieseSAT Publishing House
This document discusses proposals for inter-basin water transfers in India to address issues of uneven rainfall distribution that cause flooding in some areas and drought in others. It provides background on India's water resources, noting that some regions receive ample rainfall while others experience drought. It then discusses the National Water Development Agency's proposal to link India's river systems through 30 transfer links to move water from surplus basins to deficit ones. This would help reduce flooding and drought impacts to support social and economic growth across India. Existing inter-basin water transfer projects in India and other countries are also summarized.
DESIGN OF MULTI-VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMIRJET Journal
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Project of JYS (Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan)
1. “Quest for Excellence”
PROJECT REPORT
on
“PILOT STUDY OF JALYUKT SHIVAR (JYS)
ASSESSMENT”
Submitted by
Manju H. Badoge BT4600007
Pranali A. Bodhare BT4600014
Sagar S. Mali BT4600075
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Rahul Agrawal sir
In partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor’s of Technology Degree inCivil Engineering
of
Dr.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY
AURANGABAD (M. S.)
Department of Civil Engineering
Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad
Accredited with “Grade A” by NAAC
Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar MarathwadaUniversity, Aurangabad
Maharashtra state, India
(2017-18)
2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “PILOT STUDY OF
JALYUKT SHIVAR (JYS) ASSESSMENT”, which is being submitted to
Maharashtra Institute of Technology, affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India in the faculty of Civil
Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of ‘Bachelor of
Technology’ in ‘Civil Engineering’. This is the result of the original work and
contribution under my supervision and guidance. The work embodied in this report
has not formed earlier for the basis of the award of any degree or compatible
certificate or similar title of this for any other diploma /examining body or university
to the best of knowledge and belief.
Submitted by
Manju H. Badoge BT4600007
Pranali A. Bodhare BT4600014
Sagar S. Mali BT4600075
Place: Aurangabad
Date:
Prof. Rahul P. Agrawal
Guide
Civil Engineering Department
Dr. Ajay Dahake
Head of Civil Engineering
Dr. Santosh Bhosale
Principal
Maharashtra Institute of Technology,
Aurangabad
3. PROJECT APPROVAL SHEET
The following Studentshave done the appropriate work for the award of
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering as a part of curriculum of Maharashtra
Institute of Technology affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India.
Name of Student Manju H. Badoge BT4600007
Pranali A. Bodhare BT4600014
Sagar S. Mali BT4600075
Guide Prof. Rahul P. Agrawal
External Examiner
Date :- 06.01.2018
Place :- Maharashtra Institute of Technology
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India-431010
4. i
ABSTRACT
Maharashtra has always faced droughts. The drought has persisted for four
consecutive years and has affected drinking water security and crop production and
productivity severely all over the Maharashtra state. Maharashtra government has
launched a new program named Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan to make Maharashtra a
drought-free state by 2019. The JYS proposes a framework for village level water
balance calculation which includes estimation of crop-water requirements, drinking
water stress etc. JYS promotes an integration and coordination between various
government agencies and program during planning and implementation levels and
stresses on people's participation as one of the key objectives. The program aims to
make 5000 villages free of water scarcity every year. This transformation has been
possible with concentrated efforts towards developing watersheds, improving ground
water levels, de-silting and decentralizing water sources and increasing the area under
irrigation.
In this study we have select the village name of ‘Jambhala’ which is located in
the Gangapur Tahsil, Aurangabad District (M.S.) India. The main aim of the study is
to calculate total water demand of the village, total quantity of water available in a
village and finally by deducting total demand from the available quantity water
balance for the selected village will be calculate. And also visit to actual JYS work
such as stream deepening and widening, cement nala bund, farm pond, well,
compartment bunding etc. and collect the data as per assessment methodology given
in GR -2014 water conservation department (MS).
5. ii
INDEX
Abstract i
List of Table iv
List of Figure v
List of Graph v
Abbreviation vi
Ch. No. Title Page No.
1 Introduction 1
1.1 State Profile 1
1.2 Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan JSA 2
1.3 About JYS 2
1.4 Works To Be Done Under JYS 3
1.5 Strategy 3
1.6 Activities of JYS 3
1.7 Necessity on JYS Assessment 4
1.8 Objectives 4
2. Literature Review 5
3. Study Area And Data Collection 9
3.1 Introduction of Village 9
3.2 Data Of Jambhala Village 10
3.2.1 General Data 10
3.2.2 Hydrological Data 12
3.2.3 Agricultural Data 18
3.3 Information About JYS Structure 21
3.3.1 Cement Nala Bandh 21
3.3.2 Farm Pond 22
3.3.3 Water Well 23
3.3.4 Compartment Bunding 25
3.3.5 Earthen Bund 25
6. iii
Ch. No. Title Page No.
4. Assessment And Analysis 29
4.1 Methodology of JYS Assessment 29
4.2 Assessment of JYS Structure 29
5. Result And Discussion 31
5.1 Analysis of Well 31
5.2 Water Storage Capacity JYS Work 33
5.3 Crop Water Requirement Study 34
5.4 Assessment of JYS Structure 36
6. Conclusion 39
6.1 Future Scope 39
6.2. Impact of JYA 40
7. References 43
7.1 Photos 45
8. Appendix 52
Acknowledgement
7. iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
1 Rainfall data 12
2 Runoff data 14
3 Total water demand 14
4 Crop water requirements 15
5 Runoff stopped due to watershed 15
6 Cropping pattern 18
7 Kharif seasonal total crop areas 19
8 Rabbi seasonal total crop areas 19
9 Seasonal crop total areas 19
10 Cash crop total areas 20
11 Food crop total areas 20
12 Total vegetables crop areas 20
13 Total flowers crop areas 21
14 JYS Assessment 30
15 Depth of water in Well 32
16 Runoff Stopped due to Watershed in The Village 33
17 Crop Water Requirement Study 35
8. v
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No. Title Page No.
1 Map of Jambhala village 9
2 Jambhala village watersheds map 17
3 Cement Nala bund 21
4 Farm Pond 22
5 Water Well 23
6 Bore Well 24
7 Earthen Bund 25
8 Gabion Bund 26
9 Boulder Bund 27
10 JYS Structure Location Map 31
11 Nalla Dipping and widening 36
12 Cement Nalla Bund 37
13 Form Pond 38
9. vi
LIST OF Graph
Graph No. Title Page No.
1 Year wise precipitation data of Jambhala village 12
2 Year wise temperature data of Jambhala village 13
3 Year wise rainfall data of Jambhala village 13
4 Year wise rainfall data of Jambhala village 13
5 Slope wise runoff data of Jambhala village 14
6 Well Analyses in Jambhala village 32
7 JYS Structure Done 34
10. vii
ABBREVATIONS
WRD : Water resource Department
JSA : Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan
JYS : Jalyukt Shivar Structure
CSR : Corporate Social Responsibly
CNB : Cement Nala Bund
ENB : Earthen Nala Bund
CCT : Construction of Continuous Contour Trenches
IWMP : Integrated Watershed Management Programme
GSDA : Groundwater Survey and Development Agency
TCM : Thousand Cubic Meter
NRDWP : National Rural Drinking Water Programme
ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research’s
11. 1
CHAPTER: I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 STATE PROFILE
Out of 307.70 lakh hectares of the geographical area, 225.4 lakh hectares area
is “cultivable land.” The state has about 75% area which is drained by eastward
flowing rivers; viz. the Godavari and Krishna, to the Bay of Bengal and the remaining
25% area is drained by westward flowing rivers like the Narmada, Tapi and Konkan
coastal rivers to the Arabian Sea. Maharashtra is prone to various disasters such as
drought, floods, cyclones, earthquake and accidents. While low rainfall areas of the
state are under the constant risk of droughts, high rainfall zones of eastern and
western Maharashtra are prone to flash floods and landslides. Overall situation of the
State is that it consists of 50 – 50 situations for floods as well as drought in the region.
Various water conservation projects are taken by WRD and Irrigation department, but
still the situation remains same. To overcome the drought situation in the state,
government of India has taken a step called ‘Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan’ (JSA) with the
aim to make ‘Drought Free Maharashtra’ by 2019.
1.2 JALYUKT SHIVAR ABHIYAN (JYS)
One of the most important natural resources which are extremely crucial for
our daily life is water. There are the two types of sources of this essential resource viz.
surface water and ground water. Maharashtra, the second largest state in India, both in
area as well as in population, has very limited assured irrigation. Considering drought-
like situation occurring frequently in the state, Jalyukta Shivar Campaign is being
taken up under ‘Water for All -Drought-Free Maharashtra 2019’. Capacity and around
84% of its agricultural land is depends upon rainfall. Around 159 lakhs hectares of
area is drought-prone. Water Conservation Program is one of the very important
programs, the Government of Maharashtra has decided to implement with a view to
improve the lifestyle of the people and economical situation, agriculture development
in rural areas and thereby achieve the rural development. In the state, inconsistency of
rains in the very times of crop growth and discontinuity of rains create drought-like
situation and agriculture field is heavily impacted. Almost 82% area in the state is dry
land while 52% area is drought-prone. There are 188 Talukas (2234 villages) where
groundwater level dropped for more than 2 meter and drought situation were declared
12. 2
in 19059 villages from 22 districts in the year 2014-15. This ‘Jalyukta Shivar’
campaign needs to be implemented in these locations on priority. Also, provisions
should be made to ensure water scarcity situation is not created in future in the
remaining part of the state. Therefore, government is authorizing implementation of
‘Jalyukta Shivar’ campaign in all districts of the state, in order to permanently
overcome drought situation by convergence of funds approved for schemes under
various departments and through MLA/MPFund/District-levelFund/Non-
governmentalOrganizations/CSRand public participation. The scheme aimed at
solving water scarcity problem of draught-prone regions is already a hit with farmers
as many villages are inching towards becoming water-sufficient.
1.3ABOUT JYS
This programme aims to make 5000 villages free of water scarcity every year.
Under the programme, micro-irrigation systems would be encouraged for proficient
use of water, hence increasing the irrigated area. Government will be initially
allocating Rs.1,000 core for the scheme. Moreover, all the existing water conservation
schemes will be now accumulated under this scheme. With several parts of
Maharashtra still reeling under the drought, the state government has launched the
scheme to combat increasing number of suicide by the farmers of the state.
Maharashtra is a drought prone area, especially its region of “Vidarbha” and
“Marathwada”.
In 2014, Vidarbha was deficit by 14 per cent, while Marathwada was deficit
by 42 percent, putting both the regions inthe category of drought. Incidents of farmers
suicide have become very common in these regions. High dependency on Monsoon
rain is the biggest factor behind farmers taking this extreme step. According to an
English Daily, 986 cases of farmers suicide were reported from Maharashtra in 2014.
In 2013, there were 11, 744 farmer suicides reported across the country out of
which nearly 27% (3,146) – highest for any state - was from Maharashtra. The main
reason to suicide is water scarcity and loan, if this programme goes smoothly and
result oriented, farmers from much hit area would be benefitted, and it shall increase
the water level of villages which has lowered to 1000 ft. some places in Maharashtra.
13. 3
1.4 WORKS TO BE DONE UNDER JYS
Broadening and deepening of the Nalla,
Removing silt from lakes, ponds, farm ponds, and canals which prevents water
percolation.
Building check dams, canals, small ponds, and wells (individual and
community).
Tree plantation.
Construction of Cement nalla bhandhara (CNB),
Earthen nalla bhandhara (ENB).
Compartment Bunding.
Construction of continuous contour trenches (CCT).
1.5 STRATEGY
JYS Abhiyan, integrates and converges 14 water conservation programmes
Integrated Watershed Management is core component of the Abhiyan Village plans
drawn up based on water budget of the select villages Gram Sabha is empowered to
approve the village plan Funded by the government and private sector, and more
significantly, by the communities themselves through voluntary contributions
Increased engagement of corporate sector - corporate extended financial assistance
and adopted 400 villages State-level co-ordination and monitoring with Chief
Minister Transformation Office (CMTO) periodically reviewing the programme.
1.6 ACTIVITIES OF JYS
Generating public awareness through village and community level interactions,
use of mass media and distribution of information education and communication
(IEC) material watershed development and rejuvenation of old water bodies Repair,
renovation and restoration of existing irrigation water bodies de-silting of old water
conservation structures recharging of open dug wells and tube wells strengthening
drinking water resources promoting efficient use of available water strengthening of
water users associations ensuring optimum use of irrigation potential of existing
projects Online monitoring of activities in project villages.
14. 4
1.7 NECESSITY ON JYS ASSISMENT
In Maharashtra state water scarcity was declared in 23811 villages in the year
2014-15 and 15747 water scarcity Villages in 2015-16.
There is a need to recharge ground water and create decentralized water bodies
to overcome the Water Scarcity problem in rain-fed area of the State.
Incidents of farmer’s suicide have become very common in these regions.
The main reason to suicide is water scarcity and loan, if this programmed goes
smoothly and result oriented, farmers from much hit area would be benefitted, and it
shall increase the water level of villages which has lowered to 1000 ft. some places in
Maharashtra.
1.8 OBJECTIVES
Objectives of JYS Assessment:
To check whether there is a increasing the level of ground water or not.
To observe the volume of increased water storage capacity
To check whether there is increasing assured water for farming and efficiency
of water usage or not.
To check the JYS structure which is correct or not as per the assessment
methodology.
15. 5
CHAPTER NO 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Pachkore & Prabat 2017
[1]
studied that JYS is the Government of
Maharashtra’s program to provide water for all and make villages scarcity-free.
Maharashtra has been witnessing increasing agricultural and drinking water stress in
recent years. Maharashtra government has launched a new program named ‘Jalyukta
Shivar Abhiyan (Campaign)’ in a bid to make Maharashtra a drought-free state by
2019. The JYS proposes a framework for village level water balance calculation
which includes estimation of crop-water requirements, drinking water stress etc. JYS
promotes an integration and coordination between various government agencies and
program during planning and implementation levels and stresses on people's
participation as one of the key objectives. The program aims to make 5000 villages
free of water scarcity every year. The scheme aimed at solving water woes of draught-
prone regions is already a hit with farmers as many villages are inching towards
becoming water-sufficient. This transformation has been possible with concentrated
efforts towards developing water sheds, improving ground water levels, de-silting and
decentralizing water sources and increasing the area under irrigation. The project
involves deepening and widening of streams, construction of cement and earthen stop
dams, work on lakes and digging of farm ponds .After completion of irrigation
projects in next two years, 50% area will be under irrigation. For the rest 50%,
rainwater harvesting and decentralizing water sources are the only options to solve the
issue of water scarcity. The JYS is a successor of many earlier watershed programs
which have already been implemented, and some of which are ongoing, such as the
IWMP. With unique initiative like Jalyukta Shivar, water scarcity will surely be a
thing of the past.
Mr. Potekaret U.P. & Pawar 2017 [2]
concluded that water is important
because it is essential to life on the earth. It is one of the most important natural
resources and is vital for the Agricultural and economic development. In Maharashtra
state nearly 82% area of state falls in Rain-fed sector and 50% area is drought prone,
uncertain, insufficient and irregular rainfall pattern adversely affects Agriculture.
Drought occurs frequently resulting shortage of water for drinking and irrigation. In
view of this, the present paper based on secondary data intends, The state
16. 6
government’s project 'Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan' on January 26, 2015 setting targeting
25lakh hectares of land under irrigation in three phases between 2015 to 2018. To
look into the long term measures to mitigate drought with help of integration and
convergence of various schemes implemented by various departments and pulling
funds from all resources like Central, State, NGO, People's participation etc. under the
programme, Micro-irrigation system would be encouraged for proficient use of water,
hence increased the irrigation area.It is found that due to Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan
rainfall run-off, soil erosion declined undercharge of ground water level and water
storage capacity also increased under irrigation area. Improving productivity and
socio- economic condition of farmers.
Mr. Khillare N.J. 2017 [3]
studied that Jalyukt Shivar (JYS) Campaign is a
flagship programme of Government of Maharashtra, aims to bring water
empowerment to the drought-affected villages to make Maharashtra Drought Free by
the year 2019. This Campaign is first of its kind organized action plan wherein many
departments are collectively & collaboratively working towards a common goal i.e.
‘Water for All’. The Campaign is mainly a combination of various pre-existing
schemes related to water conservation but with certain fine tuning. The targets in the
first phase of JYS Campaign, which were having a time frame of a year, could not be
achieved even after two years. The Government of Maharashtra has initiated several
measures to expedite the campaign but these initiatives have only focused on reducing
cycle time of particular stage. Also; the government is only monitoring a construction
phase of project cycle whereas delays in pre-construction actives are not being taken
in to account. The aim of this study is to optimize the cycle time by highlighting all
such areas where substantial delays are occurring and proposing measures to reduce
such delays thereby reducing the overall project cycle time for the JYS works. For
data collection interview method and field visit approach has been adopted. From the
collected data, projects cycle time of JYS works has been grouped under 7 stages and
idealistic time cycle has been developed which then compared with case studies, to
highlight the delaying events. Results from case studies showed that major portion of
project cycle time is being consumed by project initiation, formulation, and approval
phases than actual construction phase.
17. 7
Government of Maharashtra
Water Conservation Department
Government Resolution (GR)No. JaLaA-2014/Case No.203/JaLa-7
[4] Water for all - Drought-free Maharashtra 2019
Regarding implementation of JalyuktaShivar Campaign to permanently
overcome internal drought situation.
Zeeshan & Pachkor R.T. 2015 [5]
conclude that JYS is the Government of
Maharashtra’s program to provide water for all and make villages scarcity-free.
Maharashtra has been witnessing increasing agricultural and drinking water stress in
recent years. Maharashtra government has launched a new program named ‘Jalyukta
Shivar Abhiyan (Campaign)’ in a bid to make Maharashtra a drought-free state by
2019. The JYS proposes a framework for village level water balance calculation
which includes estimation of crop-water requirements, drinking water stress etc. JYS
promotes an integration and coordination between various government agencies and
program during planning and implementation levels and stresses on people's
participation as one of the key objectives. The program aims to make 5000 villages
free of water scarcity every year. The scheme aimed at solving water woes of draught-
prone regions is already a hit with farmers as many villages are inching towards
becoming water-sufficient. This transformation has been possible with concentrated
efforts towards developing water sheds, improving ground water levels, de-silting and
decentralizing water sources and increasing the area under irrigation. The project
involves deepening and widening of streams, construction of cement and earthen stop
dams, work on lakes and digging of farm ponds .After completion of irrigation
projects in next two years, 50% area will be under irrigation. For the rest 50%,
rainwater harvesting and decentralizing water sources are the only options to solve the
issue of water scarcity. The JYS is a successor of many earlier watershed programs
which have already been implemented, and some of which are ongoing, such as the
IWMP. With unique initiative like Jalyukta Shivar, water scarcity will surely be a
thing of the past!
19. 9
CHAPTER NO 3
STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION
3.1 INTRODUCTION OF VILLAGE
From previous JYS reviewed the Jambhala village was decided to taken as pilot study
Gangapur, Aurangabad District of Maharashtra State, India. It belongs to Marathwada
region According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of
Jambhala village is 549215. Jambhala village is located in Gangapur Tehsil in
Aurangabad district in Maharashtra, India. It is situated 47 km away from sub-district
headquarter Gangapur and 20km away from district headquarter Aurangabad.
Fig.no.1 Map of Jambhala village
Jambhala village is also a grampanchayat. The total geographical area of the village is
802 hectares. Jambhala has a total population of 1865 people. There are about 367
houses in Jambhala village. Latitude: 75.3125, Longitude: 19.82649994 and
Elevation: 616.
20. 10
3.2 DATA OF JAMBHALA VILLAGE
3.2.1GENERAL DATA:
A) General data (As per National Rural Drinking Water Programme Habitation
Profile)
No. of Houses holds (As on 01/04/2017) - 337
No. of Cattles (As on 01/04/2003) - 200
Total Population (As on 01/04/2017) - GEN - 1323 SC - 395 ST - 1
LPCD as on 01/04/2017 - 37.93 Liter
B) GSDA’s groundwater assessment and regulations
Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency (GSDA), Maharashtra, performs
groundwater budgeting of all the 1500+ watersheds every alternate year. It uses
village level data like cropping patterns, extraction of groundwater for irrigation,
number of irrigation wells, pumping hours, public drinking water requirements, canal
length, command area, conservation structures and so on. The output of the
groundwater budgeting is to notify watersheds into Safe, Critical, Exploited and Over-
exploited categories. These categories indicate the amount of groundwater extracted
in the watershed against the net groundwater availability.
INFORMATION GSDA:-
1) District :- Aurangabad
2) Administrative Unit :- Gangapur
3) Type of Rock formation :- Hard Rock
4) Total Geographical Area :- 128019 Hectares
5) Hilly Area :- 0.0 Hectares
6) Ground Water Recharge Worthy Area
a. Command Area :- 32312 Hectares
b. Non- Command Area :- 95707.8 Hectares
c. Poor Ground Water Quality Area :- 0.00 Hectares
d. Shallow Water Table Area :- N.A
e. Flood Prone Area :- N.A
21. 11
f. Maximum Depth of Fractures under unconfined Zone :- 20.4
Hectares
7) Village Name :- JAMBHALA
8) Elementary Watershed No :- GV-41
a. Mini Watershed No :- 1/8
b. Status :- Over Exploited
c. Census Code :- 02413000
d. Micro watershed code :- 4E8B1d2i
C) Some basic details of Jambhala:-
a. As per the JYS Plan-
b. Total Geo Area = 901 Hectare
c. Cultivable = 612 Hectare
d. Total Population = 3101
e. No. of cattle = 335
f. Annual Precipitation = 634mm
g. Water Budget =
a. Demand = (Agri-755, Drinking-110 TCM)
b. Deficit = 309 TCM
JYS Plan-
Planned impounded water = 462 TCM
Planned Budget = 2.17 Cores
23. 13
Graph no.: 2 Year wise temperature data of Jambhala village
Graph no.: 3Year wise rainfall data of Jambhala village
Graph no.: 4 Year wise rainfall data of Jambhala village
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Average
Range
Year
TEMPERATURE
Max. Temperature
Min. Temperature
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Average
Range
Year
WIND AND HUMIDITY
Wind (m/s)
Relative Humidity (fractions)
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Average
Rainfalldatain(ml/m2)
YEAR
SOLAR
Solar
ml/m2
24. 14
B) RUNOFF DATA:- STROM WATER RUNOFF:-
Table no.: 2 Runoff data
No. Catchment Type
Strange Chart
Runoff %
Area (Ha)
Total Runoff
Tcm
1 20.00 % More Than Slope 1.3086 45.00 58.89
2 5% To 20% Slope 0.9814 60.00 58.88
3 5% Less Than Slope 0.6543 796.00 520.82
Total 901.00 638.59
Ref: Village data sheet
Graph no.: 5 Slope wise runoff data of Jambhala village
C) TOTAL WATER DEMAND:-DRINKING WATER:-
Table no.: 3 Total water demand
Activity No. Per Day Liter Total Need Water
Man 3101 90 101.87
Animal 335 60 7.34
Goat – Ship 346 06 0.76
Total 3782 109.96
Ref: Village data sheet
58.89 TCM 58.88 TCM
520.82 TCM
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
20% more slope 5% to 20% slope 5% less slpoe
TotalRunoffinTMC
Catchment Type
TOTAL RUNOFF
Total…
25. 15
D) CROP WATER REQUIRMENT:-
Table no.: 4 Crop Water Requirements
Crop Name Area (Ha)
Needed Water Per Ha.
TCM
Total Need
Water TCM
Green gram 0 0 0
Maize 15 4 60
Tur 7 2 14
Animal Food 12 2.5 30
Cotton 35 5 175
Bazaar 5 2 10
Wheat 15 5 75
Chickpea 5 1 5
Cholam 10 2.5 25
Food Farm 49 7 345.45
Vegetable 8 2 16
Total 161.35 755.45
Ref: Village data sheet
`E) RUNOFF STOPPED DUE TO WATERSHED IN THE VILLAGE
(RAINWATER):-
Table no.: 5 Runoff stopped due to watershed
Type Of Work
Old JYS Work New JYS Work Total
NO. TMC NO. TMC NO. TMC
Deep CCT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compartment Bunding 0 0.00 720 324 720 324
Farm Pond 2 4.39 30 65.88 32 70.27
Earthen Nalla Bund 25 75.00 2 6 27 81
Cement Nalla Bund 20 9 1 0.45 21 9.45
Cement Nalla Repair 0 0 22 11 22 11.00
Well Recharge 0 0 10 0 10 0
Desilting 1 5 5 25 06 30
Van Rai Bandhara 0 0 15 30 15 30
Deeping Nalla 0 0 20 0 20 0
Total 93.39 462.33 555.72
Ref: Village data sheet
26. 16
F) VILLAGE WATER BALANCE SHEET:-
1) Village Total Water Need : - 865.41 TCM
a) Crop :- 755.45 TCM
b) Drinking Water :- 109.96 TCM
2) Total Runoff In Rain Water : - 638.59 TCM
3) Runoff Stopped Due To Watershed Works: -555.72 TMC
a) Old Works :- 93.39 TMC
b) New Works :- 462.33 TMC
4) As Compare To Village Need : - 309.69 TMC
5) Flow of Runoff : - 82.87 TMC
G) Sources and methods of irrigation
The extra water (crop water requirement) which farmer has to manage comes from
one of the three sources,
i) groundwater,
ii) surface water – canals (command area)
iii) lifts (outside command area)
Similarly farmer adopts different methods of irrigation method like
i) drip,
ii) sprinkler
iii) Conventional (flow).
H) Command Area / Non-Command Area
The watershed of village Jambhala comes under Watershed GV-41 and its
nearest minwatershed 1/8 of GV-41 watershed as follows
27. 17
Ref: GSDA Data
Fig. No 2 Jambhala village watersheds map
I) Surface water / groundwater irrigation
There are No of nalla bunds used for irrigation for farming in village.
J) lift Irrigation
There are almost every farmers have his own well used for Drinking as well as
Irrigation
K) Methods of Irrigation
More likely conventional methods are adopted by farmers in village
L) Groundwater component in water balance
Almost 95% of the farmers depend on groundwater for irrigating crops. But
the water balance takes into account only rainfall runoff as the input to the system
while ignoring the rainfall infiltrating below the surface. Thus, the increase in the
groundwater table which is available to farmers through open / bore wells is
considered as extra water (or irrigation water) to be managed by farmer and not
included in water balance. These water levels indicate the water availability to the
farmer for that season depending on which farmer decides the cropping pattern.
Butsometimes cropping pattern may also force the farmer to sink deeper wells in the
conditions of poor water availability. Thus, there is a two-way relationship between
28. 18
groundwater availability and cropping pattern which needs to be understood in order
to have proper demand-side management of water, which is an important objective as
per the JYS GR. The impounded water is available to farmers through groundwater
recharge, Hence the spatial and geological component is very important in estimating
the effects of water impoundments.
3.2.3 AGRICULTURAL DATA:- Cropping pattern
The agricultural water balance is calculated with the assumption that the
existing cropping pattern is the cropping pattern which will remain constant for all
years. But crop patterns change due to many reasons like increase in water
availability, low rainfall, farmer’s affordability etc.
Table no.: 6 Cropping pattern
Cropping Pattern Crops
KHARIF (1/04 to
30/09)
Maize, Green Gram, Cotton, Bazaar, Vegetables, Tur,
Animal Food
RABI (1/10 to 31/03)
Wheat, Chickpea, Cholam, Galit Dhanya, Grass,
Vegetables
SEASONAL Animal Food, Vegetables
YEARLY Sugarcane, Cotton
Ref: Village data sheet
The change in cropping pattern due to increased availability of water is not
incorporated in the current JYS framework. JYS GR mentions about crop plans and
regulations in water use. But there is no provision for agreements or regulations to be
done at the village level to bring these things into the plan.
29. 19
KHARIF SEASONAL TOTAL CROP AREA :-
Table no.: 7 Kharif seasonal total crop areas
No Crop Name Area (Ha)
1 Green Gram 3
2 Maize 40
3 Cotton 540
4 Bazaar 30
5 Vegetables 25
6 Tur 25
7 Animal Food 5
Total 668
Ref: Village data sheet
RABBI SEASONAL CROP TOTAL AREA:-
Table no.: 8 Rabbi seasonal total crop areas
No Crop Name Area( Ha)
1 Wheat 15
2 Chickpea 5
3 Cholam 10
4 Galit Dhanya 2
5 Grass 2
6 Vegetables 2
Total 36
Ref: Village data sheet
SEASONAL CROPS TOTAL AREA:-
Table no.: 9 Seasonal crop total areas
No Crop Name Area (Ha)
1 Animal food 1
2 Vegetables 2
3 Total 3
Ref: Village data sheet
30. 20
CASH CROP TOTAL AREA:-
Table no.: 10 Cash crop total areas
No Crop Name Area (Ha)
1 Sugarcane 1
2 Cotton 540
Total 541
Ref: Village data sheet
FOOD CROP TOTAL AREA:-
Table no.: 11 Food crop total areas
No. Crop Name Area (Ha)
1 Pomegranate 0.30
2 Sweet lime 9.00
3 Sapota 5.20
4 Tamarind 0.00
5 Custared Apple 2.20
6 Mango 9.35
7 Black Berry 8.75
8 Annona Reticulata 0.00
9 Fig 11.65
10 Gooseberry 0.40
11 Coconut 2.50
Total 49.35
Ref: Village data sheet
TOTAL VEGETABLES CROP AREA :-
Table no.: 12 Total vegetables crop areas
No. Crop Name Area (Ha)
1 Onion 15
2 Brinjal 1
3 Vegetable 4
Total 20
Ref: Village data sheet
31. 21
TOTAL FLOWERS CROP AREA:-
Table no.: 13 Total flowers crop areas
No. Crop Name Area (Ha)
1 Marigold 0.60
2 Rose 0.40
Total 1.00
Ref: Village data sheet
3.3 INFORMATION ABOUT JYS STRUCTURE
3.3.1 Cement Nalla Bunds
Cement nalla bunds are constructed across small streams having gentle slope
and feasible both in hard rock as well as alluvial formations. The water stored in these
structures is mostly confined to stream course and the height is normally less than 2
m. These are designed base on stream width and excess water is allowed to flow over
the wall. In order to avoid scouring from excess run off, water cushions are provided
at downstream side. To harness the maximum run off in the stream, series of such
check dams can be constructed to have recharge on regional scale.
Fig. no 3 Cement nalla bund
A series of small bunds or weirs are made across selected nalla sections such
that the flow of surface water in the stream channel is impeded and water is retained
on pervious soil/rock surface for longer body. Nalla bunds are constructed across
bigger streams of second order in areas having gentler slopes. A nalla bund acts like a
mini percolation tank.
32. 22
3.3.2Farm Pond
Farm ponds are small tanks or reservoirs constructed for the purpose of storing
water essentially from surface runoff. Farm ponds are useful for irrigation, water
supply for the cattle, fish production etc. The design and construction of farm ponds
require a thorough knowledge of the site conditions and requirements. Some sites are
ideally suited for locating the ponds and advantage of natural conditions should
always be taken.
Fig. no4 Farm Pond
Advantages of Farm Ponds
1. They provide water to start growing crops, without waiting for rain to fall.
2. They check soil erosion and minimize siltation of waterways and reservoirs.
3. They supplies water for domestic purposes and livestock.
4. They promote fish rearing.
5. They recharge the ground water.
6. They improve drainage.
Types of Ponds
Depending on the source of water and their location with respect to the land
surface, farm ponds are grouped into four types.(A) Dugout ponds, (B) Surface Ponds,
(C) Spring or Creek fed ponds and(D) Off-stream storage ponds.
33. 23
3.3.3 Water Well
Water well is a hole, shaft, or excavation used for the purpose of extracting
ground water from the subsurface. Water may flow to the surface naturally after
excavation of the hole or shaft. Such a well is known as a flowing artesian well. More
commonly, water must be pumped out of the well. Most wells are vertical shafts, but
they may also be horizontal or at an inclined angle. Horizontal wells are commonly
used in bank filtration, where surface water is extracted via recharge through river bed
sediments into horizontal wells located underneath or next to a stream. In this
publication we focus on vertical water-production wells commonly used to supply
water for domestic, municipal, and agricultural uses in California. Our purposes to
provide readers with some basic information about water wells to help them
understand principles of effective well construction when they work with a
professional driller, consultant, or well servicing agency for well drilling and
maintenance.
Fig. no.: 5 Water Well
Types of Well
There are two main types of wells, each distinguished by the diameter of the
bore hole. The two types are A) Bored wells and B) Drilled wells.
34. 24
A) Bore Well
Bored wells are constructed when low yielding groundwater sources are found
relatively close to the surface, usually less than 30 m (100 ft.). Bored wells are
constructed using a rotary bucket auger. They are usually completed by perforating
the casing (also called cribbing) or using a sand screen with continuous slot openings.
One advantage of bored wells is the large diameter of the casing, from 45-90 cm (18-
36 in.). It provides a water storage reservoir for use during peak demand periods. A
disadvantage of utilizing a shallow groundwater aquifer is that it generally relies on
annual precipitation for recharge. Water shortages may occur following long dry
periods in summer and extended freeze up during winter months. It can also be more
susceptible to contamination from surface land-use activities.
Fig. no.: 6 Bore Well
B) Drilled Well
Drilled wells are smaller in diameter, usually ranging from 10-20 cm (4-8 in.),
and completed to much greater depths than bored wells, up to several hundred meters.
The producing aquifer is generally less susceptible to pollution from surface sources
because of the depth. Also, the water supply tends to be more reliable since it is less
affected by seasonal weather patterns.
35. 25
3.3.4 Compartment Bunding
Compartmental bunding means the entire field is divided into small compartments
with pre determined size to retain the rain water where it falls and arrest soil erosion. The
compartmental bunds are formed using bund former. The size of the bunds depends upon
slope of the land. Compartmental bunds provide more opportunity time for water to infiltrate
into the soil and help in conserving soil moisture.
Salient features:
1. Compartmental bunding is an effective moisture conservation measure in dry
land.
2. It is suitable for lesser rainfall areas and the slope is < 1%.
3. The lands are divided into small compartments with the dimension of 8 x 5
m2.
4. Small compartments act as a dam and store the rainfall received in the
compartments for longer period.
5. It increases water holding capacity of the soil.
6. Reduces the formation of cracks.
7. It will overcome the disadvantages of contour bunding.
3.3.5 Earthen Bund
This is the most popular soil conservation structure in the country and it is
practiced at large scale all over India. Farms bunds are constructed on agricultural
land with the aim of arresting soil erosion and improving the soil moisture profile.
Fig. no 7 Earthen Bund
36. 26
Ideally bunds on farms should be made on the contour line. It would lie along
the bounding of the field. Land holding in the project area is very small and it is not
possible or feasible to construct contour or bund in the field. The earthen bund is
divided into three types on the basis of the slope of the land and size of the field. It
would help to conserve the water in the field and maintain in situ moisture in the field.
The erosion of the field is reduced. The waste weir in the field helps to safely disposal
of the excess water from the field.
Gabion Bunds
They are similar to lose boulder checks, but are constructed across bigger
streams and have their own catchments area at least 5 ha. Also, these structures are
constructed on flatter regions as against loose boulder checks. The flatter the upstream
slope, the more will be the storage. Along with slowing down the runoff this structure
also help in temporary water storage. Storage if the is impermeable enough. These
structures are generally reinforced with wire mesh for stable embankment and oppose
strong currents. The bunds made by covering the loosest ones by mesh are called
“Gabion Bandhara”.
Fig. no.: 8 Gabion Bund
The areas where the slopes of the nalla is greater than 3 per cent and the
rainfall is heavy in such conditions the loose boulder structure cannot sustain, so in
such cases the Gabion Bandhara are preferred. The boulders are locally available are
stored in a steel mesh and are tied up in the form of rectangular blocks. The height of
such structures is around 0.5 m and is a normally used stream with width of about 10
37. 27
to 15 m. the excess water overflows this structure storing some water to serve as
source of recharge. The silt content of stream water in due course is deposited in the
interstices of the boulders to make it more impermeable. These structures are common
in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh etc.
Boulder Bund
To reduce the erosion of soil on the upper side of the catchment area loose
boulder structure is more effective. By constructing the bunds made up of rocks
across the nalla the velocity of flowing rainwater can be reduced, to reduce erosion of
soil. Blocking the way of water and allowing it to percolate in the soil. As the silt gets
accumulated between two bunds, this area can be used under agriculture. By doing
plantation on the downstream side of bunds a forestation can be done.
Fig. no.: 9 Boulder Bund
39. 29
CHAPTER NO. 4
METHODOLOGY ASSESSMENT
4.1 METHODOLOGY OF JYS ASSESSMENT
As per the assessment methodology three key pillars of assessment derived
from the JYS GR dated-5/12/2014 are-
1. Location- (Whether the Location of intervention is appropriate? Etc.)
2. Structural Soundness- (Whether the interventions are structurally sound and as
per relevant guidelines? Etc.)
3. Utility- (Whether the intended benefits have been fulfilled? Etc.)
Important Government Officials (Agri Assistant, Gram sevak) are contact and
JYS plan will obtain.
A series of primary visits to the village and three of them have been executed.
Visit to actual JYS work of structure widening and deepening of Nalla, observe the
structure collect the data from actual structure constructed as per the JYS scheme.
4.2 ASSESSMENT OF JYS STRUCTURE
The assessment of JYS structures are carried by following table format it
includes cement nalla bund, stream deepening and widening, farm pond and analysis
of well
40. 30
Table No. 14 JYS Assessment Structure
Form
no
Farmer name JYS structure Distance
from CNB
Gut
no
1 Anil Eravane Cement Nalla
Bund
10 m 115
1 Afsar Sheikh Cement Nalla
Bund
10m 115
1 Ramkisan Chandel Cement Nalla
Bund
10m 115
1 Prashant Nallawade Cement Nalla
Bund
10m 177
1 Arun Satarkar Cement Nalla
Bund
15m 189
1 Sheikh Kaliya Cement Nalla
Bund
40m 173
1 Sahebrao More Cement Nalla
Bund
15m 114
2 Mohammad Afsar
Sheikh
Stream deep and
wide
5m 115
2 Sheikh Kaliya Stream deep and
wide
25m 173
3 Vithal Chopde Farm pond 139
41. 31
CHAPTER NO 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 ANALYSIS OF WELL
The main aim of this well analysis was that to check the ground water level
under the JYS construction project. Through this study we observed that the wells
which were located near JYS construction had increased water level and values were
obtained by conducting farmers’ interview as well as by self-assessment.
Fig. no.:10 JYS Structure Location Map Jambhala Village
42. 32
Table 15 Depth of wall in Well
No/Year
Depth of
well(m)
Depth of
water
in(m)
2013
Depth of
water
in(m)
2014
Depth of
water
in(m)
2015
Depth of
water
in(m)
2016
Depth of
water
in(m)
2017
1 14 4.5 3 3.5 2.5 3
2 16 5.5 4.5 5 3 3.5
3 12 3.5 2 2.5 2 2.5
4 14 3.0 1.5 2.5 2 3
5 15 4.5 3 3.5 2.5 3.5
6 10 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5
7 12 2.0 1.5 2 1.5 2
8 08 1.5 1 2 1.5 2.5
9 14 3.5 2.5 3 2 3.5
10 16 4.5 3 3.5 2.5 3.5
11 10 2.5 2 3 2.5 3
12 9 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 3.5
Graph No 6 Well Analyses in Jambhala village
0
5
10
15
20
25
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
%OFWATERAVAILABLEIN
Year
WELL DEPTH
DEPTH OF WELL
DEPTH OFWATER
43. 33
In the above graph table no. 17, and well no. 2 water level was found to be
varying every year. On the year 2013, 25% of water was available in the well which
was near to the jys structure of the nalla dipping and widening construction. As per
assessment observation of the year 2015, JYS structure constructed as a result of
which water was stopped and hence percolated in ground. This project also helped in
soil conservation. But in 2016, due to absence of rainfall at Jambhala village; water
couldn’t be stored in the JYS construction so it resulted into decreased water level.
That well water which was stored using JYS construction was used for the
irrigation as well as drinking purpose. In this area the Kharip crop depends upon the
rainfall while rabbi crops are taken according to the well water availability. Hence
whenever there is low well water level no more crops are taken by the farmers. This
affects not only farmers’ economy but common people also suffers due to market
strategy of “high demand and low availability principle”.
5.2 Water Storage Capacity JYS Work
Table No. 16 : Runoff Stopped Due To Watershed In The Village
(Rain Water)
TYPE OF WORK
OLD JYS
WORK
NEW JYS
WORK
TOTAL
NO. TMC NO. TMC NO. TMC
Deep CCT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compartment Bunding 0 0.00 720 324 720 324
Farm Pond 2 4.39 30 65.88 32 70.27
Earthen Nalla Bund 25 75.00 2 6 27 81
Cement Nalla Bund 20 9 1 0.45 21 9.45
Cement Nalla Repair 0 0 22 11 22 11.00
Well Recharge 0 0 10 0 10 0
Desilting 1 5 5 25 06 30
Van RaiBandhara 0 0 15 30 15 30
Deeping Nalla 0 0 20 0 20 0
Total 93.39 462.33 555.72
44. 34
JYS assessment village data is collected.as per Village data sheet no of work
done by government agencies, CSR (Corporate social responsibility). The assessment
of JYS structure we observed the water storage capacity that structure .The
constructions which come under JYS helped to stored 555.72 TMC. This stored water
further can be used for farm irrigation purpose, another advantage of this project was
found to be the increased well water level.
Graph No 7 JYS Structure Done
The assessment analysis of JYS structure is farm pond could store more water
70.27 TMC while cement nalla bund could store minimum water. Through this study
we came to the conclusion that the work of farm water ponds is more beneficial than
the other structures. But the cement nalla bund has an advantage of soil conservation.
This study showed that JYS project helps to solve scarcity problem and can create
drought free
5.3 Crop Water Requirement Study
The crop-water requirement figures used in the water-balance calculations
correspond to the extra water (besides rainfall and soil moisture available due to
rainfall), i.e. the irrigations which farmer must give to the crops. e.g. for Moong, Corn
and Udid, the crop-water requirement is zero because these are kharif crops which
require no extra rotations, while Rabi crops like Sorghum or Wheat are shown to need
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
FARM POND CEMENT NALA
BUND
DEEPING NALA
scaleinPercentage
JYS Structure
JYS STRUCTURE DONE
NO OF WORK
WATER STOPPED (TMC)
45. 35
0.24 and 0.70 TCM/ha water, which are the rotations (extra water) to be given besides
water available from soil moisture.
However in the whole report identical crops have different crop-water
requirement numbers entered by Krushi Sahayyaks in Jhambhala village.
Table No. 17 : Crop Water Requirement Study
Crop Name Area (Ha) Actual
Water Per Ha. TCM
Total Actual Need
Water TCM
Green gram 0 0 0
Maize 15 4 60
Tur 7 2 14
Animal Food 12 2.5 30
Cotton 35 5 175
Bajara 5 2 10
Wheat 15 5 75
Ckiekpea 5 1 5
Cholam 10 2.5 25
Fruits 49 7 345.45
Vegetable 8 2 16
Total 161.35 33 755.45
Above data more of the water is used for fruits farming (7Tcm). The chief
crops of Jambhala village are cotton ,groundnut, bajara, Different types of soils are
required for raising different types of crops .heavy retentive soil (40%) is favorable
for raising crops .Light sandy soil (2 to8%) is suitable for crop like gram requiring
less water . medium or normal soil (having about 10to 20% of clay)is suitable for
crops like wheat , cotton, maize, vegetables, etc. requiring normal amount of water.
46. 36
5.4 Assessment of JYS Structure
Fig. no.: 11 Nalla Dipping and Widening
As per our observation, supported with actual measurements; we found that
the construction was not proper in depth and slope. We observed that digging of nalla
was not in continuous fashion, they were interrupted in-between due to improper
work. Also it had a problem with site clearance due to grown and uncut plants. At
the time of visit, water was not available in the said construction. Structure of nalla
had a varying width across its length. The norm suggests the depth of nalla should be
taken as per the second and third order classification of water flow. Also as per the
guidelines, at the upstream of the nalla construction; there should be the provision for
water conservation structure. But in this study we found that the absence of this water
conservation structure at the upstream of nalla.
48. 38
We observed that construction was not proper because it had moderate slope rather
than steep slope. This unsuitable slope then further results into soil sunlight. We took
the measurement of CNB which was length as 14 m, width 1.2 m and height 1.9 m.
Also we found that apron and freeboard were not provided. Flank walls had not been
constructed properly. But we couldn’t check water leakage due to the absence of
water, at the time of visit. Also we noticed that the construction material of main
body was made of boulder rather concrete. Excavated soil is filled with surrounding
the embankment purpose. At the time of visit, water was not available so we couldn’t
get the result of water increase in nearby wells. But by the opinions of farmer we
came to comment that water level had increased little bit. This JYS scheme suffered
due to its improper structure and lack of attention by the conducting body. If this
situation will persist then the mission of making drought free Marthawada upto 2019
won’t be accomplished.
Fig. no.: 13 Form Pond
We visited to the farm pond made under the construction scheme ‘Magil Tyala
Shettal’. There we observed that water was not stored in that also it was not provided
with the polythene at the base of pond and had the absence of outlets. Bandara was
not constructed at upstream.
49. 39
CHAPTER NO 6
CONCLUSION
This project helped in soil conservation. But due to absence of rainfall at
Jambhala village; water couldn’t be stored in the JYS construction so it resulted into
decreased water level. This affected not only farmers’ economy but common people
also suffered due to market strategy of “high demand and low availability principle”.
The constructions which come under JYS helped to store 555.72 TMC. This
stored water further used for farm irrigation purpose and found to be useful in the
increased well water level. This study showed that JYS project helps to solve scarcity
problem and can create drought free region. But this JYS scheme suffered due to its
improper structure and lack of attention by the conducting body. If this situation will
persist then the mission of making drought free Marthawada up to 2019 won’t be
accomplished. So need the proper attention with the proper work management and
skilled workers so as to fulfill the mission of “Drought free Marathawada 2019”
6.1 Future Scope
Increase in Water Storage Capacity
Recharge of Ground Water Level
Increase under protective Irrigation Area
Increase in Cropping intensity
Increase in the Horticulture Area
Increase in the Agriculture Produce and productivity
Increase in Fodder Production
Increase in area under Soil Moisture Security
Improvement of Environment through Tree Plantation
Improving Productivity and Socio-economic Condition of farmers
50. 40
6.2 Impact Of Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan
1) Increase in Ground Water level :-
The water harvesting structures play a key role by storing water and allow
sufficient time for water to percolate into ground. Therefore, Increase in
ground water table in drought prone area in measurable indicator of Successful
of JSA.
2) Soil Erosion Reduction :-
The soil erosion was reduced more than 50% in the Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan
Implanted Area because of compartment bunding, CCT and Deep CCT and
Graded Band.
3) Run Off Reduction :-
With regards to run-off reduction it was observed that the programme is
successful in achieving this goal. According to the JSA beneficiaries this has
been possible because of the contour bunding or field bunding which has also
in checking the run-off of Rain water resulting in Soil Moisture Retention.
4) Land-use Pattern :-
Better land-use pattern is one of the important objectives of Watershed
Management with increase in surface water conservation and increase in
availability of water in the watershed regions.
5) Cropping Pattern and Agriculture Productivity :-
Since water is essential for agricultural production, with available water
harvesting Structure Farmers are inclined to new cropping Pattern and
Agricultural Diversification.
6) Cropping Intensity :-
The change in cropping intensity is one of the major indicators to assess
impact of the Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan. Increase in residual moisture content
due to contour bunding helping in crop growth and yield. Decrease in Soil
Erosion and hence Protection of Fertile top Soil due to contour bunding.
51. 41
7) Increase in Agriculture Productivity :-
Result of JSA increase in Agricultural Productivity also fodder production
increased due to this milk Production also increased.
8) Employment Generation :-
According to the Watershed Guidelines, the under the study, additional
employment is generated due to JSA. It was reported that during the
implementation of JSA’s Earthen Nalla, Bunding, K.T. Weirs Employment
have been generated.
53. 43
CHAPTER NO 7
REFERENCES
1. A report on Watershed Interventions for Kurlod and Botoshi Phase-I,
Technology and Development Solutions Cell (TDSC) Centre for Technology
Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology,
Bombay (IITB) ,December-2014.
2. Pachkor R. T., Parbat D.K. (2017) “Assessment of Works under Jalyukta
Shivar Campaign – A Case Study of Pusad Region” Volume 5, Issue 4, April
2017 P.P. 1614-1619
3. Potekar U.P. and Pawar S.K. (2017), “Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan" and micro
Irrigation in Maharashtra state”, -Vol. 1, 2017, pp.54-57
4. Khillare N.J. (2017), “Analysis of Delays in Works under Jalyukt Shivar Campaign”,
International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Vol.5(1), 2017,
pp.1059-1066
5. Government of Maharashtra Water Conservation Department, Government
Resolution (GR)No. JaLaA-2014/Case No.203/JaLa-7, Mantralaya, Mumbai -
400 032. Date: 5 December, 2014.
6. Belsare. H, Sohoni M., Field visit report - Parbhani April 2015, Centre for
Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of
Technology, Bombay, May 2015.
7. Zeeshan, & Pachkor R.T.,2015 “Jalyukta Shivar - A Combat to Water Stresses
In Maharashtra” Volume 3 Issue X, October 2015 P.P 102-108.
Web sites
1. http://mrsac.maharashtra.gov.in/jalyukt
61. 51
Photo no.: 13 – Well
Photo No.: 14 – Observation on Structure
62. 52
Appendix - A
Form 1: Cement Nalla Bund (CNB) :- 1ST CNB NREA TO ROAD (GUT NO:-115,NAME:-ANIL ERAVANE)
Sr.
No
Question New Construction
Possible options for
answer
Answer No Medium
Whom to
ask?
Purpose
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N190
56.994’
E0750
09.850’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Depth of nala
Less than 1.5 m
More than 1.5m
3M VI 2M Storage capacity
2
Slope of nala bed
(Should be less than 1%)
Steep/moderate/flat Steep VI No
Main structure can
fail on slope due to
excess water pressure
on u/s side
3
On sharp curve y/n No VI No
Erodes (scouring of
sides) the side of nala
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Soil
2. Hard rock
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI
Govt.
official
Purpose to fulfill
(percolation /storage)
5
How long back water is present
i.e. 10m No
Appr. Storage
capacity
6
Height of Bandhara above bed
nala level is correct or not?
Foundation depth +
Height of main body app
3m
Yes VI Yes Structural stability
63. 53
A.3 Structural Soundness
1 Dimensions of main body
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-13m
B:-1.5m
H:-2.4m
Tape/ laser
meter
2 Apron presence y/n Yes VI Yes To avoid d/s erosion
3 Freeboard 0.3 m y/n No Yes
To escape surplus
water easily
4 D/S slope provided y/n Yes VI Yes
Structural stability to
resist water pressure
5 Flank wall dimensions
Length
Breadth
Height
L:-10M
B:-0.23
H:-3M
Tape/Laser
meter
6 Leakages at base
Heavy/light/no/can’t figure
out
No (No
available water
at visited time)
VI No
Cracks in the
concrete structure
causes leakages,
reduces strength and
fails
7 Leakages at side
Heavy/light/no/can’t figure
out
No VI
8 Overall Anchorage of all parts y/n No -
To carry self load and
water load together
9 Silt deposition Heavy/mild/no No -
Reduces water
storage capacity
10
Condition of main body
(only concrete/boulders/etc)
Good/mod/bad Good VI
64. 54
11 Strength of main body
At left corner – 3 readings at
1m (top)
(Bottom) - 3
At middle (top) – 3
(bottom) - 3
At right end (top) – 3
(bottom) -3
-
Rebound
hammer
Concrete grade (mix
proportions) defines
strength of concrete
12
Strength of flank wall
(grade of concrete mix)
Left and right
Top – 3 readings
Bottom- 3 readings
Middle – 3 readings
-
Rebound
hammer
13
excavated soil is filled with
surrounding the embankment
y/n Yes VI No
Water flow should
not be disturbed and
silted
14
Quality of concrete mix
(depend on grade)
Mix proportions y/n Yes VI
15
Only boulders in the main body y/n No
Repair Work y/n No
Repair method
Reinforcement steel repair,
Smoothing or leveling of
surfaces,
Filling of flow to
honeycombs or holes,
Damaged corners etc
-
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No water available
Since 2012
VI
65. 55
2
Water used for
DW, irrigation
etc
Both interview Farmer Anil Eravane
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
y/n Yes (2 :-well) interview
Govt
official/
farmer
Recharge
4
Well water level increased due to CNB
construction
y/n Yes interview farmer
Mohammed Afsar
Sheikh
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name
Mohammad Afsar Sheikh (20 people n farm house) (Mb.No:-9923037867)
Plot Details
Plot No 115
Plot Size
(in acres)
15 Distance from CNB 10m
Rain fed/ Irrigated
Yes Single Crop/ Double
Crop
2 Crop
Cropping Details
Year Kharif Crop Rabi
2013
Cotton, Mango, Figs
NO
2014 Cotton, Mango, Figs NO
2015 Cotton, Mango, Figs NO
2016 Cotton, Mango, Figs NO
66. 56
Form 1: Cement Nala Bund (CNB) :- 2nd CNB Near to Goat (GUT NO:-115, NAME: Mohamed Afsar Sheikh)
Question
Possible options
for answer y/n
Answer No Medium
Whom
to ask?
Purpose
New Construction
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N190
56.890’
E0750
09.761’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Depth of nala
Less than 1.5 m
More than 1.5m
3M VI 2M Storage capacity
2
Slope of nalla bed
(Should be less than 1%)
Steep/moderate/flat Steep VI No
Main structure can fail on slope
due to excess water pressure on
u/s side
3
On sharp curve y/n No VI No
Erodes (scouring of sides) the side
of nala
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Soil
2. Hard rock
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI
Govt.
official
Purpose to fulfill (percolation
/storage)
5
How long back water is present
10M No
Appr. Storage capacity
6
Height of Bandhara above bed
nala level is correct or not?
Foundation depth +
Height of main
body app 3m
Yes VI Yes Structural stability
67. 57
A.3 Structural Soundness
1
Dimensions of main body
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-14m
B:-1.5m
H:-1.9m
Tape/ laser
meter
2
Apron presence y/n Yes VI Yes To avoid d/s erosion
3
Freeboard 0.3 m y/n
No
Yes To escape surplus water easily
4
D/S slope provided y/n
Yes
VI Yes
Structural stability to resist water
pressure
5
Flank wall dimensions
Length
Breadth
Height
L:-5M
B:-0.6
H:-3M
Tape/Lase
r meter
6
Leakages at base
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No (No
available
water at
visited
time)
VI No
Cracks in the concrete structure causes
leakages, reduces strength and fails
7
Leakages at side
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No VI
8
Overall Anchorage of all parts y/n No -
To carry self load and water load
together
9
Silt deposition Heavy/mild/no No - Reduces water storage capacity
10
Condition of main body
(only concrete/boulders/etc)
Good/mod/bad Good VI
11
Strength of main body
At left corner – 3
readings at 1m (top)
(Bottom) - 3
-
Rebound
hammer
Concrete grade (mix proportions)
defines strength of concrete
68. 58
At middle (top) – 3
(bottom) - 3
At right end (top) – 3
(bottom) -3
12
Strength of flank wall
(grade of concrete mix)
Left and right
Top – 3 readings
Bottom- 3 readings
Middle – 3 readings
-
Rebound
hammer
13
excavated soil is filled with
surrounding the embankment
y/n
Yes
VI
No Water flow should not be disturbed and
silted
14
Quality of concrete mix
(depend on grade)
Mix proportions y/n
Yes
VI
15
Only boulders in the main body y/n
No
Repair Work y/n
No
Repair method
Reinforcement steel
repair,
Smoothing or leveling
of surfaces,
Filling of flow to
honeycombs or holes,
Damaged corners etc
-
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No water
available
Since
2012
VI
69. 59
2
Water used for DW, irrigation etc. Both interview Farmer Anil Eravane
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
y/n
Yes (2 :-
well)
interview
Govt.
official/
farmer
Recharge
4
Well water level increased due to
CNB construction
y/n
Yes
interview farmer Mohamed Afsar Shekha
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name Mohammad Afsar Sheikh (20 people n farm house) (Mb.No:-9923037867)
Plot Details
Plot No 115 Plot Size (in acres) 15 Distance from CNB 10m
Rain fed/
Irrigated
Yes Single Crop/ Double Crop 2 Crop
Cropping Details
Year Kharif Crop Rabi
2013
Cotton ,Maize:-4 Acre Horticulture :-
Figs, Mango, Custard Apple, Chiku.
NO
2014
Cotton ,Maize:-4 Acre Horticulture :-
Figs, Mango, Custard Apple, Chiku.
NO
2015
Cotton ,Maize:-4 Acre Horticulture :-
Figs, Mango, Custard Apple, Chiku.
NO
2016
Cotton , Maize:-4 Acre Horticulture:-
Figs, Mango, Custard Apple, Chiku.
NO
70. 60
Form 1: Cement Nala Bund (CNB) :- :- 3rd CNB Near to figs farm(GUT NO:-142,NAME:RamkisanChandel)
Question
Possible options
for answer
Answer Medium
Whom
to ask?
Purpose
New Construction y/n No
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N190
56.744’
E0750
09.701’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Depth of nala Less than 1.5 m
More than 1.5m
3M VI 2M Storage capacity
2
Slope of nalla bed
(Should be less than 1%)
Steep/moderate/flat Steep VI No
Main structure can fail on
slope due to excess water
pressure on u/s side
3
On sharp curve y/n No VI No
Erodes (scouring of sides) the
side of nala
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Soil
2. Hard rock
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI
Govt.
official
Purpose to fulfill (percolation
/storage)
5
How long back water is present
i.e 10m No
Appr. Storage capacity
6
Height of Bandhara above bed
nala level is correct or not?
Foundation depth +
Height of main body
app 3m
Yes VI Yes Structural stability
A.3 Structural Soundness
71. 61
1
Dimensions of main body
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-15.1m
B:-2.3m
H:-0.9m
Tape/ laser
meter
2
Apron presence y/n Yes VI Yes To avoid d/s erosion
3
Freeboard 0.3 m y/n No Yes
To escape surplus water
easily
4
D/S slope provided y/n Yes VI Yes
Structural stability to resist
water pressure
5
Flank wall dimensions
Length
Breadth
Height
L:-10M
B:-0.23
H:-3M
Tape/Laser
meter
6
Leakages at base
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No (No
available
water at
visited time)
VI No
Cracks in the concrete
structure causes leakages,
reduces strength and fails
7
Leakages at side
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No VI
8
Overall Anchorage of all parts y/n No -
To carry self load and water
load together
9
Silt deposition Heavy/mild/no No -
Reduces water storage
capacity
10
Condition of main body
(only concrete/boulders/etc)
Good/mod/bad Good VI
72. 62
11
Strength of main body
At left corner – 3
readings at 1m (top)
(Bottom) - 3
At middle (top) – 3
(bottom) - 3
At right end (top) – 3
(bottom) -3
-
Rebound
hammer
Concrete grade (mix
proportions) defines strength
of concrete
12
Strength of flank wall
(grade of concrete mix)
Left and right
Top – 3 readings
Bottom- 3 readings
Middle – 3 readings
-
Rebound
hammer
13
excavated soil is filled with
surrounding the embankment
y/n Yes VI No
Water flow should not be
disturbed and silted
14
Quality of concrete mix
(depend on grade)
Mix proportions y/n Yes VI
15
Only boulders in the main body y/n No
Repair Work y/n No
Repair method
Reinforcement steel
repair,
Smoothing or leveling
of surfaces,
Filling of flow to
honeycombs or holes,
Damaged corners etc
-
73. 63
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No water
available
Since
2012
VI
2
Water used for DW, irrigation etc Both interview Farmer Anil Eravane
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
y/n
Yes (2 :-
well)
interview
Govt.
official/
farmer
Recharge
4
Well water level increased due to
CNB construction
y/n
Yes
interview farmer -
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name
Ramkisan chindale (Mb.No:-8275324111)
Plot Details
Plot No 115 Plot Size (in acres) 15 Distance from CNB 10m
Rain fed/ Irrigated Yes Single Crop/ Double Crop 2 Crop
Cropping Details
Year Kharif Crop Rabi
2013 Cotton , Horticulture :-Sweet Lime NO
74. 64
2014 Cotton , Horticulture :-Sweet Lime NO
2015 Cotton , Horticulture :-Sweet Lime NO
2016 Cotton , Horticulture :-Sweet Lime NO
75. 65
Form 1: Cement Nala Bund (CNB) :- 4th CNB (GUT NO:-177 )
Question
Possible options
for answer
Answer Medium
Whom
to ask?
Purpose
New Construction y/n No
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N190
57.117’
E0750
08.876’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Depth of nala Less than 1.5 m
More than 1.5m
1M VI 2M Storage capacity
2
Slope of nala bed
(Should be less than 1%)
Steep/moderate/flat Flat VI No
Main structure can fail
on slope due to excess
water pressure on u/s
side
3
On sharp curve y/n No VI No
Erodes (scouring of
sides) the side of nalla
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Soil
2. Hard rock
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI Govt. official
Purpose to fulfill
(percolation /storage)
5
How long back water is present
i.e 10m No
Appr. Storage capacity
6
Height of Bandhara above bed
nala level is correct or not?
Foundation depth +
Height of main body
Yes VI Yes Structural stability
76. 66
app 3m
A.3 Structural Soundness
1
Dimensions of main body
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-10m
B:-0.9m
H:-2.1m
Tape/ laser
meter
2
Apron presence y/n Yes VI
Yes
To avoid d/s erosion
3
Freeboard 0.3 m y/n No Yes
To escape surplus water
easily
4
D/S slope provided y/n No VI Yes
Structural stability to
resist water pressure
5
Flank wall dimensions
Length
Breadth
Height
No
Wall
Tape/Laser
meter
6
Leakages at base
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No (No available
water at visited
time)
VI No
Cracks in the concrete
structure causes
leakages, reduces
strength and fails
7
Leakages at side
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No VI
8
Overall Anchorage of all parts y/n No -
To carry self load and
water load together
9
Silt deposition Heavy/mild/no No -
Reduces water storage
capacity
10
Condition of main body
(only concrete/boulders/etc)
Good/mod/bad Boulders VI
77. 67
11
Strength of main body
At left corner – 3
readings at 1m (top)
(Bottom) - 3
At middle (top) – 3
(bottom) - 3
At right end (top) –
3 (bottom) -3
-
Rebound
hammer
Concrete grade (mix
proportions) defines
strength of concrete
12
Strength of flank wall
(grade of concrete mix)
Left and right
Top – 3 readings
Bottom- 3 readings
Middle – 3 readings
-
Rebound
hammer
13
excavated soil is filled with
surrounding the embankment
y/n Yes VI No
Water flow should not be
disturbed and silted
14
Quality of concrete mix
(depend on grade)
Mix proportions y/n Yes VI
15
Only boulders in the main body y/n No
Repair Work y/n No
Repair method
Reinforcement steel
repair,
Smoothing or
leveling of surfaces,
Filling of flow to
honeycombs or
holes,
Damaged corners
etc
-
78. 68
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No water
available
Since 2012
VI
2
Water used for DW, irrigation etc Both interview Farmer
Anil Eravane
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
y/n Yes (2 :-well) interview
Govt.
official/
farmer
Recharge
4
Well water level increased due to
CNB construction
y/n
Yes
interview farmer -
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name
Prashant nalwade (Mb.No:-9421688599)
Plot Details
Plot No 177 Plot Size (in acres) - Distance from CNB 10m
Rain fed/ Irrigated
Yes
Single Crop/ Double Crop
2 Crop
Cropping Details
Year Kharif Crop Rabi
2013 Cotton , Horticulture :-Peru NO
79. 69
2014 Cotton , Horticulture :-Peru NO
2015 Cotton , Horticulture :-Peru NO
2016 Cotton , Horticulture :-Peru NO
80. 70
Form 1: Cement Nala Bund (CNB) :- 5Th CNB (GUT NO:-189,NAME:Arun Satarkar)
Question
Possible options for
answer
Answer Medium
Whom to
ask?
Purpose
New Construction y/n No
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N190
57.117’
E0750
08.876’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Depth of nala
Less than 1.5 m
More than 1.5m
1M VI 2M Storage capacity
2
Slope of nala bed
(Should be less than 1%)
Steep/moderate/flat Flat VI No
Main structure can fail on
slope due to excess water
pressure on u/s side
3
On sharp curve y/n No VI No
Erodes (scouring of sides)
the side of nala
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Soil
2. Hard rock
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI Govt. official
Purpose to fulfill
(percolation /storage)
5
How long back water is present
i.e. 10m No
- - Appr. Storage capacity
6
Height of Bandhara above bed
nala level is correct or not?
Foundation depth +
Height of main body
app 3M
Yes VI Yes Structural stability
A.3 Structural Soundness
81. 71
1
Dimensions of main body
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-10m
B:-0.9m
H:-2.1m
Tape/ laser
meter
2
Apron presence y/n No VI Yes To avoid d/s erosion
3
Freeboard 0.3 m y/n No Yes To escape surplus water easily
4
D/S slope provided y/n No VI Yes
Structural stability to resist
water pressure
5
Flank wall dimensions
Length
Breadth
Height
-
Tape/Laser
meter
6
Leakages at base
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No (No
available
water at
visited time)
VI No
Cracks in the concrete
structure causes leakages,
reduces strength and fails
7
Leakages at side
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No VI
8
Overall Anchorage of all parts y/n No -
To carry self load and water
load together
9
Silt deposition Heavy/mild/no No - Reduces water storage capacity
10
Condition of main body
(only concrete/boulders/etc)
Good/mod/bad boulders VI
11
Strength of main body
At left corner – 3
readings at 1m (top)
(Bottom) - 3
At middle (top) – 3
(bottom) - 3
At right end (top) – 3
-
Rebound
hammer
Concrete grade (mix
proportions) defines strength
of concrete
82. 72
(bottom) -3
12
Strength of flank wall
(grade of concrete mix)
Left and right
Top – 3 readings
Bottom- 3 readings
Middle – 3 readings
-
Rebound
hammer
13
excavated soil is filled with
surrounding the embankment
y/n Yes VI No
Water flow should not be
disturbed and silted
14
Quality of concrete mix
(depend on grade)
Mix proportions y/n Yes VI
15
Only boulders in the main body y/n No
Repair Work y/n No
Repair method
Reinforcement steel
repair,
Smoothing or
leveling of surfaces,
Filling of flow to
honeycombs or
holes,
Damaged corners etc
-
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No water
available
Since 2012
VI
83. 73
2
Water used for DW, irrigation etc Both interview Farmer Anil Eravane
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
y/n Yes (2 :-well) interview
Govt.
official/
farmer
Recharge
4
Well water level increased due to
CNB construction
y/n Yes interview farmer -
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name Arun Satarkar
Plot Details
Plot No 189 Plot Size (in acres) - Distance from CNB 15m
Rain fed/ Irrigated Yes Single Crop/ Double Crop
2 Crop
Cropping Details
Year Kharif Crop Rabi
2013 Cotton , Horticulture :-Chikoo NO
2014 Cotton , Horticulture :- Chikoo NO
2015 Cotton , Horticulture :- Chikoo NO
2016 Cotton , Horticulture :- Chikoo NO
84. 74
Form 1: Cement Nala Bund (CNB) :- 6th CNB (GUT NO:-173,NAME:-Sheikh kaliya)
Question
Possible options for
answer
Answer Medium
Whom to
ask?
Purpose
New Construction y/n No
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N190
56.9
03’
E0750
09.
309’
GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Depth of nala Less than 1.5 m
More than 1.5m
1M VI 2M Storage capacity
2
Slope of nala bed
(Should be less than 1%)
Steep/moderate/flat Moderate VI No
Main structure can
fail on slope due to
excess water pressure
on u/s side
3
On sharp curve y/n No VI No
Erodes (scouring of
sides) the side of nala
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Soil
2. Hard rock
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI Govt. official
Purpose to fulfill
(percolation /storage)
5
How long back water is present
i.e 10m No
Appr. Storage
capacity
6
Height of bandhara above bed
nallah level is correct or not?
Foundation depth +
Height of main body
Yes VI Yes Structural stability
85. 75
app 3m
A.3 Structural Soundness
1
Dimensions of main body
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-13m
B:-1.5m
H:-2.4m
Tape/ laser
meter
2
Apron presence y/n Yes VI Yes To avoid d/s erosion
3
Freeboard 0.3 m y/n No Yes
To escape surplus
water easily
4
D/S slope provided y/n Yes VI Yes
Structural stability to
resist water pressure
5
Flank wall dimensions
Length
Breadth
Height
-
Tape/Laser
meter
- -
6
Leakages at base
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No (No
available
water at
visited time)
VI No
Cracks in the concrete
structure causes
leakages, reduces
strength and fails
7
Leakages at side
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No VI - -
8
Overall Anchorage of all parts y/n No - -
To carry self load and
water load together
9
Silt deposition Heavy/mild/no No - -
Reduces water
storage capacity
10
Condition of main body
(only concrete/boulders/etc)
Good/mod/bad Good VI - -
11
Strength of main body
At left corner – 3
readings at 1m (top)
-
Rebound
hammer
-
Concrete grade (mix
proportions) defines
86. 76
(Bottom) - 3
At middle (top) – 3
(bottom) - 3
At right end (top) – 3
(bottom) -3
strength of concrete
12
Strength of flank wall
(grade of concrete mix)
Left and right
Top – 3 readings
Bottom- 3 readings
Middle – 3 readings
-
Rebound
hammer
- -
13
excavated soil is filled with
surrounding the embankment
y/n Yes VI No
Water flow should not
be disturbed and
silted
14
Quality of concrete mix
(depend on grade)
Mix proportions y/n Yes VI - -
15
Only boulders in the main body y/n No - - -
Repair Work y/n No - - -
Repair method
Reinforcement steel
repair,
Smoothing or leveling
of surfaces,
Filling of flow to
honeycombs or holes,
Damaged corners etc
- - - -
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No water
available
Since 2012
VI - -
87. 77
2
Water used for DW, irrigation etc Both interview Farmer Anil Eravane
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
y/n Yes (1:-well) interview
Govt.
official/farmer
Recharge
4
Well water level increased due to
CNB construction
y/n Yes interview farmer -
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name Sheikh Kaliya ( Gut No:-173)
Plot Details
Plot No 173 Plot Size (in acres) - Distance from CNB 40m
Rain fed/ Irrigated Yes Single Crop/ Double Crop 2 Crop
Cropping Details
Year Kharif Crop Rabi
2013 Cotton , Horticulture :- Guavas NO
2014 Cotton , Horticulture :-Guavas NO
2015 Cotton , Horticulture :-Guavas NO
2016 Cotton , Horticulture :-Guavas NO
88. 78
Form 1: Cement Nala Bund (CNB) :- 7th CNB
Question
Possible options
for answer
Answer Medium
Whom to
ask?
Purpose
New Construction y/n No
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N190
56.814’
E0750
09.283’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Depth of nala Less than 1.5 m
More than 1.5m
1M VI 2M Storage capacity
2
Slope of nala bed
(Should be less than 1%)
Steep/moderate/flat Flat VI No
Main structure can fail on
slope due to excess water
pressure on u/s side
3
On sharp curve y/n No VI No
Erodes (scouring of sides) the
side of nala
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Soil
2. Hard rock
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI
Govt.
official
Purpose to fulfill (percolation
/storage)
5
How long back water is present
i.e 10m No
Appr. Storage capacity
6
Height of Bandhara above bed
nala level is correct or not?
Foundation depth +
Height of main
body app 3m
Yes VI Yes Structural stability
A.3 Structural Soundness
89. 79
1
Dimensions of main body
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-12m
B:-1.5m
H:-2.3m
Tape/ laser
meter
2
Apron presence y/n Yes VI Yes To avoid d/s erosion
3
Freeboard 0.3 m y/n No Yes To escape surplus water easily
4
D/S slope provided y/n Yes VI Yes
Structural stability to resist
water pressure
5
Flank wall dimensions
Length
Breadth
Height
-
Tape/Laser
meter
6
Leakages at base
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No (No
available
water at
visited
time)
VI No
Cracks in the concrete
structure causes leakages,
reduces strength and fails
7
Leakages at side
Heavy/light/no/can’t
figure out
No VI
8
Overall Anchorage of all parts y/n No -
To carry self load and water
load together
9
Silt deposition Heavy/mild/no No - Reduces water storage capacity
10
Condition of main body
(only concrete/boulders/etc)
Good/mod/bad Good VI
11
Strength of main body
At left corner – 3
readings at 1m (top)
(Bottom) - 3
At middle (top) – 3
(bottom) - 3
-
Rebound
hammer
Concrete grade (mix
proportions) defines strength
of concrete
90. 80
At right end (top) – 3
(bottom) -3
12
Strength of flank wall
(grade of concrete mix)
Left and right
Top – 3 readings
Bottom- 3 readings
Middle – 3 readings
-
Rebound
hammer
13
excavated soil is filled with
surrounding the embankment
y/n Yes VI No
Water flow should not be
disturbed and silted
14
Quality of concrete mix
(depend on grade)
Mix proportions y/n Yes VI
15
Only boulders in the main body y/n No
Repair Work y/n No
Repair method
Reinforcement steel
repair,
Smoothing or
leveling of surfaces,
Filling of flow to
honeycombs or
holes,
Damaged corners etc
-
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No water
available
Since 2012
VI
2
Water used for DW, irrigation etc Both interview Farmer Anil Eravane
91. 81
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
y/n Yes (1 :-well) interview
Govt.
official/
farmer
Recharge
4
Well water level increased due
to CNB construction
y/n Yes interview farmer Mohamed Afsar Sheikh
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name Sahebrao More( Mb.no:9823578538)
Plot Details
Plot No 114 Plot Size (in acres) - Distance from CNB -
Rain fed/ Irrigated
Yes
Single Crop/ Double Crop
Cropping Details
Year KharifCrop Rabi
2013 Cotton , Horticulture :- Figs NO
2014 Cotton , Horticulture :- Figs NO
2015 Cotton , Horticulture :- Figs NO
2016 Cotton , Horticulture :- Figs NO
92. 82
Form 1: Stream deepening and widening :-1st Nala (1 ST Stream)
Question
Possible options for
answer
Answer Medium
Whom
to ask?
Purpose
New Construction y/n Yes
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N19o
56.992’
E0750
09.761
’
GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Order of stream
1st
/2nd
/3rd/
.4th
. 2nd
GIS+VI Should be done on 2nd
/3rd
2
Whether over exploited/exploited
Area
y/n VI Should be preferred
3
Whether upstream of Bandhara? y/n VI Should be preferred
4
Bed strata / soil type
1. Hard rock
2. Soil/Alluvium
3. Cant found
4. other
Soil VI
Govt.
official
Purpose to fulfill
(percolation /storage)
5
Whether location certified by
Sub-divisional Agriculture
office?
y/n -
Govt.
official
A.3 Structural Soundness
1
Dimensions after Excavation
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
-
Tape/
laser
meter
93. 83
2
Dimensions after Excavation
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-13m
B:-13m
H:-8m
Tape/
laser
meter
3
Depth below stream bed? In meter
Minimum of (Less than 3
meter or till hard rock)
4
Volume of silt excavated?
Used for?
In m3
Farmer/Ber
m
Berm
5
Distance from CNB Meter 5m
Tape/Lase
r meter
Should be more than 5
mtrs
6
Soil conservation works in
upside of location?
y/n No VI Should be done
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n No VI
2
Water used for
Irrigation
etc
Yes interview Farmer
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
Perceived recharge?
y/n 2:-well interview
Govt.
official/
farmer
Recharge
4
Number of filling of CNB? number 2 interview farmer
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name Muhammad Afsar Sheikh (20 people n farm house) (Mb.No:-9923037867)
Plot Details
94. 84
Plot No 115 Plot Size (in acres) 15 Acers
Distance from
CNB
5m
Rain fed/Irrigated
Yes Single Crop/ Double
Crop
Double crop
Cropping Details
Year kharif Crop Rabi Crop
2013 Cotton , Maize:-4 Acre Horticulture:- Figs, Mango, Custard Apple, Chiku.
No
2014 Cotton , Maize:-4 Acre Horticulture :-Figs, Mango, Custard Apple, Chiku.
2015 Cotton , Maize:-4 Acre Horticulture :-Figs, Mango, Custard Apple, Chiku.
REMARK:- DISCONNECTED DISATANCE BETWEEN NA IS 15M
95. 85
Form 1: Stream deepening and widening :-1st Nala ( 2nd Stream)
Question
Possible options for
answer
Answer Medium
Whom
to ask?
Purpose
New Construction y/n Yes
A.1 Location
1
Lat/Long
N19o
57.118’
E075
0
08.875’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Order of stream 1st
/2nd
/3rd/
.4th
. 2nd
GIS+VI Should be done on 2nd
/3rd
2
Whether over
exploited/exploited Area
y/n
Over exploited
Area
VI Should be preferred
3
Whether upstream of
Bandhara?
y/n No VI Should be preferred
4
Bed strata / soil type
5. Hard rock
6. Soil/Alluvium
7. Cant found
8. Other
Soil VI
Govt.
official
Purpose to fulfill (percolation /storage)
5
Whether location certified
by Sub-divisional
Agriculture office?
y/n -
Govt.
official
A.3 Structural Soundness
1
Dimensions after Excavation
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
-
Tape/ laser
meter
96. 86
2
Dimensions after Excavation
Length
Breadth
Height (m)
L:-10m
B:-8m
H:-8m
Tape/ laser
meter
3
Depth below stream bed? In meter
Minimum of (Less than 3 meter or till
hard rock)
4
Volume of silt excavated?
Used for?
In m3
Farmer/Berm
Berm
5
Distance from CNB Meter 10m
Tape/Lase
r meter
Should be more than 5 mtrs
6
Soil conservation works in
upside of location?
y/n No VI Should be done
A.4 Utility
1
Water available y/n
No
VI
2
Water used for Irrigation etc
Yes
interview Farmer
3
Is there a well near by
(number if many)
Perceived recharge?
y/n 1:-well interview
Govt.
official
/farmer
Recharge
4
Number of filling of CNB? number 2 interview farmer
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name GUT NO:-173,NAME:- Shekha kaliya
Plot Details
Plot No 173 Plot Size (in acres) - Distance from CNB 25m
98. 88
Form 3: Farm Pond No:- 01
Question
Possible options for
answer
Answer Medium
Whom
to ask?
Purpose
A.1 Location
Lat/Long
N19o
56.95’
E0750
09.711’ GPS
A.2 Suitability
1
Pond location in farm
Flat/ hilly/ corner
or edge
Flat VI
Rainfall can damage the pond and silt
deposits
2
Built in nala y/n No VI Flows away with rainwater
3
Purpose of pond Percolation / storage Storage
4
Pond elevation than
nearest stream
Higher / lower/ same same
A.3 Structural Soundness
1
Dimensions
Length :
Breadth:
Depth :
30x30x3mt.
Tape/
laser
meter
2
Berm present y/n Yes VI Avoid breaching of bund
3
Plastic cover y/n N0 VI To avoid draining of water
4
Source of water? Rainfall/Groundwater Rainfall
Intervie
w
99. 89
5
Inlet provided y/n No VI allow water to enter into pond
6
Outlet provided y/n No VI Allow water to drain
7
Position of inlet Correct/ incorrect Correct VI At higher elevation in the flow direction
8
Correct location of
excavated soil
deposition
y/n Yes VI
On the bund side but not on the way from
which water is coming into pond. Avoid on
nala side
9
Maintained Slope of
pond sides
y/n
Yes To protect the sides of pond to slide down into
the pond.
10
Soil compacted y/n
No
Overall stability of pond
11
Pitching or revetment y/n
No
Sides sag down into pit and erodes sides
A.4 Utility
1
Water present till which
month
Name of month
June
interview farmer To analyze Water availability
2
Is there a well near to pond
(number if many)
y/n
Yes
interview farmer Well recharge purpose
3
Well water level increased
due to pond construction
y/n
Yes
interview farmer
B
Beneficiary Interview Form
B1
Beneficiary/Farmer Name Vithal Chopade
Plot Details
100. 90
Plot No 139 Plot Size (in acres)
Rain fed/
Irrigated
Yes
Single Crop/ Double
Crop
Double crop
Cropping Details
Year Kharif Crop
2013 Cotton, Tomato
2014 Cotton, Tomato
2015 Cotton, Tomato
2016 Cotton, Tomato
101. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very happy for the completion of this project. I would like to express my
special thanks of gratitude to our Guide Rahul Agrawal & Prashant Awarsarmal, who
gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project and his valuable guidance
and constant support with all necessary help in our work. I am also thankful to all my
teachers and college staff who have helped us to complete this project.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents who helped a lot by encouraging
me to finishing this project in given time.
And the last, thanks again to all my friends, my group members and those who
directly or indirectly helped me during this project.
Manju H. Badoge BT4600007
Pranali A. Bodhare BT4600014
Sagar S. Mali BT4600075