project

1. IN THE NAME OF GOD
A Research Project Submitted in Road construction in bachelor of
mechanical engineering (Project Management and control) of Abadan
Institute Of Technology University
AUTHOR
Paniz Hatampour

2. OBJECT:
Roads are an integral part of the transport system. A country's road network should be efficient
in order to maximize economic and social benefits. They play a significant role in achieving
national development and contributing to the overall performance and social functioning of the
community. It is acknowledged that roads enhance mobility, taking people out of isolation and
therefore poverty. In China for instance, the government has popularized this belief by
emphasizing that for any economy to develop, transport must start off first which will later
stimulate other sectors to develop in an orderly fashion.
The most important factors which are needed in the developing country are economics, political
and military. Each of them play great role in the respective part but they cannot perform an
excellence job without proper communication and transportation. There are three main kinds of
transportation, they are by air, land and water .There are two main transportations on land, they
are trains and cars but roads are necessary for both of them. Cars can be driven without roads but
it is difficult and very dangerous. Trains cannot travel with railroads. It is very hard to travel in
tropical country in raining season without a road. There are muds everywhere and they always
cause trouble for cars and trains. Thus our government is building roads and railroads around the
country for the safety of the citizens. The basic of economic is trading and when people trade,
the transportation will be needed. The country economic will develop when people travel to
different the places and do businesses.

3. Materials Used In Road Construction
> 1.Asphalt
Asphalt also known as bitumen is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of
petroleum.
> Asphalt is used in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with
aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete.
> It is use to prepare asphalt emulsion, Hot mix asphalt concrete, cold mix asphalt concrete.
Aggregates
>1.Granite aggregates are crushed hard rock of granular structure, being the most common on
Earth.
> Fractions of Aggregates
>0-5mm the smallest granite aggregates fractions are used, besides the road construction, for
decoration and paving paths, for covering sports grounds.
>5-10mm fraction, is used for road construction and production of concrete.
> 10-40mm a road sub base also used for road maintenance operations
>2. Gravel aggregates :are aggregates acquired as the result of sifting quarried rock and by
crushing natural stone rock.
>3.
Limestone aggregates :are a product of the crushing of sedimentary rock limestone, which is
composed mainly of calcite (calcium carbonate ).
> 4.Slag Aggregates are obtained by crushing of smelter slag or by special treatment of fire-
liquid slag melt (molten slag aggregates).

4. Machinery used in Road Construction
> Machinery used in road constructions are used for rough grading, fine grading, surfacing,
paving,compaction and to control moisture level.
> AIR-TRACK DRILL
A drilling machine for quarry or opencast blasting equipped with tracks and operated by
independent air motors.
AIR-TRACK DRILL
CHIP SPREADER
> A chip spreader lays down the aggregate on top of a bituminous binder which is then rolled by
a compactor.

5. CHIP SPREADER
COLD PLANERS
> A cold planer (also known as a pavement planer, pavement recycler, mill or asphalt milling
machine) is a machine used to remove bituminous pavement or asphalt concrete from roadways.
COLD PLANERS

6. Compactors
> Used for compactions
Compactors
Vibratory Steel Drum compactor
> Vibratory roller compactor is used to compact soil, gravel concrete, or asphalt in the
construction of roads and foundations.

7. Pneumatic tired roller
> Pneumatic tire compactors are used on small to medium size compaction jobs, primarily on
bladed, granular base materials.
Pneumatic tired roller

8. Padded Drum Compactor
> Padded drum compactors are usually applied to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the
construction of roads and foundations.
Padded Drum Compactor
OIL DISTRIBUTORS
> Asphalt distributors are used to apply prime or tack coats on a surface in preparation for
paving.
OIL DISTRIBUTORS

9. PAVER
> A paver is a machine used to lay asphalt on roadways. It is normally fed by a dump truck
which brings hot asphalt.
PAVER
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

10. WBS consist of several level as follows
1. Level1 major facility (Construction of Road).
2. Level 2 Sub facility (Structural and Road works).
3. Level3 work items (culvert box, precast works, Earthworks and paving works).
4. Level 4 Tasks (Precast activities, earth works activities and paving activities).
5. Level 5 work package (small unit such as steel erection, shuttering pouring concert).
6. Level 6 Level of effort or activities.

11. Table-! WBS of Road Construction
COST AND FINANCING

13. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Reference:
7. Giammalvi, P. D. (2013). Day2. In AACE Certification Preparation Course Handouts.
8. Hendrickson, C. H. (2008, August 1). pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from http://
pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/
9. Swidrski, M. (2012, August 1). .workbreakdownstructure. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from
http://www.workbreakdownstructure.com/
10. Taha, R. A. (1999). Development of work breakdown structure. In construction management (p. 60).
Muscat, Oman: Sultan Qaboos Universty.