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Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods
Dr. Thomas Memmel presents the importance of usability engineering in project management to ensure high-quality software development. He emphasizes the need for a user-centered approach, highlighting methods like contextual inquiry, prototyping, and usability testing to improve user experience and project outcomes. The document outlines various challenges faced in project management, as well as solutions to effectively integrate usability engineering into the development process.
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Similar to Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods
Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods
- 1. Project Management with UsabilityEngineering Methods PMI Switzerland Event, HWZ Hochschule für Wirtschaft Zürich, Feb 7th 2012 Slide 1 7. February 2012 Dr. Thomas Memmel © Zühlke 2012
- 2. Motivation Boththe software engineering and the user experience design skillset is essential for the creation of high quality software products. Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 2 © Zühlke 2012
- 3. Take Aways Recognize when the user interface is important for the success of the software. Have some methods & tools on the list that support your project success. Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 3 © Zühlke 2012
- 4. Speaker • Dr. Thomas Memmel • Zühlke Engineering AG, Schlieren (Zürich) • Business Unit Manager «Java Integration & Channels» • Manager Competence Centre Client Technology • Usability Engineering «Evangelist > 10 Years • https://www.xing.com/profile/Thomas_Memmel Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 4 © Zühlke 2012
- 5. Baseline Why is Usability important? Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 5 © Zühlke 2012
- 6. The Age ofUsability & User Experience Customer Interaction on Multiple Channels Call Center Intranet Call Center Point-of-Sale Corporate Portal Tablets / iPad Smartphone Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 6 © Zühlke 2012
- 7. The Age ofUsability & User Experience Broad Variety of Use Cases, Contexts & Users Demands of product managers and customers with regards to productivity, new sales channels, ease-of-use, learnability, etc. Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 7 © Zühlke 2012
- 8. The Age ofUsability & User Experience The Apple Moment Since the success of Apple’s devices in the customer market, people across all social and business levels SCREAM for usability. Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 8 © Zühlke 2012
- 9. The Age ofUsability & User Experience Some Challenges • Increasing user expectations • Demand for effective and efficient interactions • Software must be motivating or even fun • Differentiation of channels and user profiles • Implementation complexity increasing • Time-to-market for software decreasing Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 9 © Zühlke 2012
- 10. Usability ISO 9241-11:1998 Defined Extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 10 © Zühlke 2012
- 11. User Experience Design ISO9241-210 Before Usage During Usage After Usage (Anticipated Usage) Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 11 © Zühlke 2012
- 12. Usability Engineering Lifecycle ISO9241-210 Analyse & Analyse & Plan User- Specify Context Specify User Centred Activities of Use Requirements Design & Implement Evaluate Prototype Solution Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 12 © Zühlke 2012
- 13. Project Management with UsabilityEngineering Methods Usability Engineering will help you learning the right things at the right time. This enables you in decision making and leading the project in the right direction. Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 13 © Zühlke 2012
- 14. Project Management Tasks Examples • Requirements management • Definition of requirements • Scope management • Understand vision and needs • Change Request management • Build the right solution • Cost management • Assess and decide about changes • Time management • Goal-oriented spending • Quality management • Delivery, time-to-market • Communications management • Software quality (e.g. ISO 9126, Usability) • Risk management • Common denominator • Stakeholder management • Efficient team collaboration Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 14 © Zühlke 2012
- 15. Challenges in ProjectManagement Typical Issues in PMP Life • Poor quality of requirements • Quality of the software and the user interface is evaluated too late • Inaccurate project vision • Bad user acceptance • Communication gap between Business & IT • Little interdisciplinary teamwork across disciplines (e.g. design vs. development • Pressure of time, especially in vs. business) case of error • Consequences of unexpected events • Costly changes at later stage • Test management • Conflicts among stakeholders Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 15 © Zühlke 2012
- 16. Challenges in ProjectManagement Cosmetic Software Surgery User interface cosmetics will not change the behaviour of the software, but only add, move or hide pixels across the screen Surface alteration is costly and difficult. The chance of failure is high – and may result in an even more fake or ugly look & feel Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 16 © Zühlke 2012
- 17. Pivotal Question –This Talk What can Usability Engineering do for you? Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 17 © Zühlke 2012
- 18. Challenges in ProjectManagement Complex Software Surgery (Refactoring) Once a complex (or wrong) product is assembled, changes and fixes are more expensive and time- consuming than during earlier stages Understand Context of Use: Contextual Inquiry Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 18 © Zühlke 2012
- 19. Challenges in ProjectManagement Not to see the wood for the trees User Needs: Personas Visualization of requirements: Prototyping Bunch of requirements Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 19 © Zühlke 2012
- 20. Usability Engineering Lifecycle ISO9241-210 Analyse & Analyse & Plan User- Specify Context Specify User Centred Activities of Use Requirements Design & Implement Evaluate Prototype Solution Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 20 © Zühlke 2012
- 21. Contextual Inquiry Basis Data Gatheringwith Users for Decision Making on FRs / NFRs Goal • Understand users and their needs (also tacit knowledge) • Understand current work styles and processes • Be objective Simple Approach • Go where the users are doing their work • Observe users during their work • Talk with users About their work • In “empirical partnership” Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 21 © Zühlke 2012
- 22. Contextual Inquiry • Find hard facts • Listen to users – Instead of listening to assumptions • Check interpretations of the development team and stakeholders (e.g. sources of requirements) with real users within the context of use • Deduce consequences for product vision and design from the given evidence • Document implications • Have traceability from design to learned facts and vice versa Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 22 © Zühlke 2012
- 23. Contextual Design &Contextual Inquiry 5 Views on Context-of-Use • Information- & Communication Flow • Workflows • Artefacts • Culture • Physical Environment Source : http://incontextdesign.com/contextual-design/ Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 23 © Zühlke 2012
- 24. Contextual Design Flow Model– How Information Flows Across People Source : http://www.interaction- design.org/encyclopedia/contextual_design.html Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 24 © Zühlke 2012
- 25. Contextual Design Artefact Model–Learn From Today’s Artefacts Source : http://www.interaction- design.org/encyclopedia/contextual_design.html Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 25 © Zühlke 2012
- 26. Contextual Design Sequence Model– Visualize Processes & Scenarios of Use Source: http://www.interaction- design.org/encyclopedia/contextual_design.html Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 26 © Zühlke 2012
- 27. Analyse & Specifythe Context of Use For Example Relevant During Benefits / ROI, e.g. • Visioning • Understand users • Definition of requirements • Learn about context • Scoping • Shape product vision • Quality assessment of • User acceptance intermediate releases • Make sure to develop a helpful product • Evaluate releases in the context of use (field studies) • Traceability design facts Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 27 © Zühlke 2012
- 28. Usability Engineering Lifecycle ISO9241-210 Analyse & Analyse & Plan User- Specify Context Specify User Centred Activities of Use Requirements Design & Implement Evaluate Prototype Solution Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 28 © Zühlke 2012
- 29. Personas Define and DescribeTarget Group Characterized by • Goals, values, fears & desires • Function, responsibilities & tasks • Behavioural patterns & procedures • Technical & business know-how: education, knowledge & skills • Requirements for the product • Frustration & excitement factors for the product Bring the Persons to Life by Alan Cooper, Robert Reimann: About Face • Age, name, citations, pictures, characteristics 2.0: The Essentials of Interac-tion Design, Wiley, 2003 Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 29 © Zühlke 2012
- 30. Low-Fidelity Prototyping Tools forPaper Prototyping Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 30 © Zühlke 2012
- 31. Low-Fidelity Prototyping Overview Typical Goals • Gather (initial) requirements Sketch the UI • Communicate with stakeholders Focus is on Users, context of use, flow of events Discuss, Supplementary methods, e.g. workshops, interviews Analyze Sketch Wireframe Storyboard Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 31 © Zühlke 2012
- 32. Paper Prototyping • Rapid feedback while the design is still (literally) “on the drawing board" • Clarify requirements through simulation • Detect misunderstood requirements and usability problems very early • Promote communication between designers and users • One of the cheapest and fastest visual techniques • Useful for any type of human-computer interface • Only minimal resources and materials required Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 32 © Zühlke 2012
- 33. Paper Prototyping • Paper prototypes simulates the UI dialog flow • System feedback is simulated by the usability expert • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrV2SZuRPv0 Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 33 © Zühlke 2012
- 34. Analyse & SpecifyUser Requirements For Example Relevant During Benefits / ROI, e.g. • Definition of requirements • Reflect implementations with persons • Decision making • Know your users (needs) • Solution design • Personas are cheap “on-site users” • Development • Discuss ideas with non-technical stakeholders • Communicate informally • Externalize designs • Reduce risk – Build the right product Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 34 © Zühlke 2012
- 35. Usability Engineering Lifecycle ISO9241-210 Analyse & Analyse & Plan User- Specify Context Specify User Centred Activities of Use Requirements Design & Implement Evaluate Prototype Solution Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 35 © Zühlke 2012
- 36. Requirements Documentation A pictureis worth a thousand words «If I can't picture it, I can't understand it.» - Albert Einstein Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 36 © Zühlke 2012
- 37. Why UI Prototyping? BeyondText-Based Requirements & Specifications • Text has limited expressivity with regards to interaction design • Tons of paper make needs & requirements intransparent • People do not see the wood for the trees • Consequences of requirements not realized until they can be experienced • Make the impact of changes to requirements obvious Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 37 © Zühlke 2012
- 38. Why UI Prototyping? Seeand interactions before they are built • Don’t loose time discussing intangible requirements • Visualize ideas in front of users and stakeholders • See and interact with applications before they are built • Consider alternate designs • Avoid premature decisions • Visualize and change requirements as long as it is cheap and easy Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 38 © Zühlke 2012
- 39. High-Fidelity Prototyping Overview Typical goals (Re-)Design Prototype • Visualize requirements and CRs in detail Analyze Define solution design, ensure product success Results • • Discover usability issues, especially with interactive behaviour Evaluate Prototype • Develop a UI specification Prototyping Tool Prototyping with GUI Builder Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 39 © Zühlke 2012
- 40. High-Fidelity Prototyping From Prototypeto Product Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 40 © Zühlke 2012
- 41. High-Fidelity / EvolutionaryPrototyping Overview on Tools MS Expression Blend For Example • Microsoft Visio, PowerPoint • MS Expression Blend • Axure Pro • iRise Studio Axure Pro MS Visio Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 41 © Zühlke 2012
- 42. Microsoft Expression Blend High-FidelityPrototyping Tool Source: http://www.microsoft.com Source: http://www.microsoft.com Expression Expression Blend Visual Studio Development Design User Experience Design with Sketch Flow Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustrator Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 42 © Zühlke 2012
- 43. Design & PrototypeSolution For Example Relevant During Benefits / ROI, e.g. • Requirements specification • Specify the product visually • Construction • Reduce text-based material • Change request management • Communicate with stakeholders • Visualize the impact of (changing) requirements • Get buy-In from stakeholders early • Reduce risk of late changes to the product Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 43 © Zühlke 2012
- 44. Usability Engineering Lifecycle ISO9241-210 Analyse & Analyse & Plan User- Specify Context Specify User Centred Activities of Use Requirements Design & Implement Evaluate Prototype Solution Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 44 © Zühlke 2012
- 45. Heuristic Evaluation Approach • Several usability experts take on the perspective of the user • Use of checklists to assess the user interface in different dimensions Useful Heuristics Use When • ISO 9241-110 • Nielsen‘s 10 Heuristics • No users available for usability test for User Interface Design • Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 45 © Zühlke 2012
- 46. Usability Testing Approach • Users execute realistic tasks with the product • Recoding of screen and user reactions • Experts analyse recordings after the test Usability Testing is the Best Method to • Highlight costly product failures • Convince stakeholders (e.g. to invest in usability) • Demonstrate improvements Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 46 © Zühlke 2012
- 47. Usability Engineering Lifecycle ISO9241-210 Analyse & Analyse & Plan User- Specify Context Specify User Centred Activities of Use Requirements Design & Implement Evaluate Prototype Solution Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 47 © Zühlke 2012
- 48. Agile User Experience Iteration Iteration Iteration n n+1 n+2 EXPLORATION DEVELOPMENT Start Development Development Current Complete Iteration UI Parallel Tracks Business Current Sprint (Iteration n) Domain Persistency UX-Experts: User Research for Iteration UI Concept System Metaphor • UI Storyboards • Architecture Spikes n+2 • Usage Scenarios • Prototypes Prototyping for Iteration n+1 Usability Tests for Source: Jocham, R.; Memmel, T. (2009): Agile User Experience. In: Computerworld – die Schweizer IT- Developed Parts (e.g. Small Plattform für IT-Professionals, Ausgabe Fokus Software-Entwicklung. IDG Verlag, erschienen 21.11.2009, 24-25; online http://www.computerworld.ch/aktuell/businesssoftware/49822/ Release from Iteration n-1) Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 48 © Zühlke 2012
- 49. XP & UsabilityEngineering XP Praktiken Usability Engineering Praktiken http://www.extremeprogramming.org/ Iteration, Small Increments, Prototyping Adaptivity Story Cards, Task Cards, User User Profile, Task Model Stories On-Site Costumer User-Centered Design, User Participation Testing, Test Story Evaluation, Usability Inspections Metaphor Conceptual Model, Mental Model, UI Metaphor Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 49 © Zühlke 2012
- 50. Agile Modeling &Usability Engineering Agile Modeling Praktiken Usability Engineering Praktiken http://www.agilemodeling.com/ Prove It With Code Prototyping Create Several Models in Parallel Concurrent Modeling (User Role-, Task-, Content-Model) Active Stakeholder Participation Usage-Centered Design, User Participation Consider Testability Evaluation, Usability Inspections Display Models Publicly Design Room Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 50 © Zühlke 2012
- 51. Agile + Usability TheBest of Two Worlds Some goals of Agile projects • Deliver in defined time and budget… • Develop the simplest but most functional solution… • …that fulfils the requirements of the customer One important goal of Usability Engineering • Develop software that works and deliver the best possible usability Combined • Do not just deliver the simplest solution in the most efficient way (Agile) • But to also reach a high usability and user experience Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 51 © Zühlke 2012
- 52. Agile + Usability SomeFacts • Scrum & UX methods demand a product vision in the beginning • The agile way of handling requirements in a non-waterfall fashion perfectly matches with UX • Design space is kept open • Developers and UX experts learn from small releases and can continuously improve the product quality • Delivered releases can be usability tested and assessed while applied in the context of use Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 52 © Zühlke 2012
- 53. User Stories withUsability Description of user needs (e.g. reference to persona) User Story Discussion about requirements in detail Card (btw. user/customer and developer). Conversation Supported by prototyping. Confirmation Acceptance tests, e.g. also usability tests based on usability goals etc. Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 53 © Zühlke 2012
- 54. Usage Scenarios, UserStories, Use Cases User Describes step of Story Usage Scenario, Prototype Describes step of Explains possible sequence of Use Case Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 54 © Zühlke 2012
- 55. Summary Project Management withUsability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 55 © Zühlke 2012
- 56. Project Management withUsability Summary / Discussion • Develop the right product • Additional complexity for the project • Define scope and • Additional costs for UX personnel deliverables with real users • More changes: user feedback is • Create usable and iterative aesthetically pleasing results • Demands more agility • Improve software quality • Not all feedback is valuable • Reduce risk due to high user • Some stakeholders will know it better acceptance and validation • Reduce textual specification and Documentation Effort Applied in the right way – UX • Bridge the Gaps with Visual ROI will be significant artefacts and Communication Project Management with Usability Engineering Methods | Dr. Thomas Memmel 7. February 2012 Slide 56 © Zühlke 2012