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Topics For Today’s Discussion
Project Management Methodologies
When To Use PM Techniques?
Various PM Tools
01
02
04
How To Choose Right Tools & Technologies?03

Project Management Methodologies
A methodology is a system of practices, techniques, procedures and rules used by those who are involved
in a project
Project Planning
Designing Work Breakdown
Structure
Financial Planning
Schedule Planning
Work Authorization
PM Methodologies
help in:

✓ Prince2
✓ PRiSM
✓ Lean
✓ Six Sigma
✓ Lean Six Sigma
✓ ECM
✓ XPM
✓ Agile
✓ Scrum
✓ Kanban
✓ XP
✓ APF
✓ PMBOK
Method
PM Methodologies
OthersProcess Based
Change
Management
AgilePMI
✓ Waterfall
✓ PERT
✓ CPM
✓ CCPM
Traditional
Various Project Management Methodologies include

Traditional Process Based
OthersChange ManagementPMI
Agile

Traditional Methodologies - Waterfall
Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
Requirement Analysis

Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
Design

Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
Design
Implementation

Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
Design
Implementation
Verification

Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
Design
Implementation
Verification
Maintenance

Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
✓ Simple & easy
✓ Good for executive & management
control
✓ Identifies the project requirements
from the start
✓ specific deliverable from each stage
✓ Best for short-term projects
× Requirement needs are upfront & frozen
× Inflexible and revision is not possible
× Cannot begin next step, until current
step is over
× Unable to solve problems until
maintenance phase
Pros Cons

Traditional Methodologies - PERT
Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
Program Evaluation Review Technique
START END_A
END_B
END_C
END_D
END_E
END_F
FINISH
5
2
2
4
4
1
5
❑ PERT charts are tools used to plan tasks within a project
❑ It makes scheduling and coordinating team members to accomplish the work easier
❑ Basically, it is a graphical illustration of a project as a network diagram consisting of numbered nodes

Traditional Methodologies - PERT
Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
✓ Better Activity Analyses
✓ Improved Department
Coordination
✓ Uses What-if Analyses
× Subjective Analysis
× Time Focused
× Resource Intensive
Pros Cons

Traditional Methodologies - CPM
Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
❑ CPM is a step-by-step project management technique for process planning
❑ It defines critical & non-critical tasks with the aim of preventing time-frame problems &
process bottlenecks
❑ It is best for projects which consists numerous activities that interact in a complex manner
Critical Path Method
Task A_10
Task B_8 Task D_10 Task F_4
Task E_3 Task G_15 Task H_4
Task C_25

Traditional Methodologies - CPM
Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
✓ Better scheduling
✓ Process Prioritization
✓ Exact Estimation of Time & Cost
✓ Improves team coordination
× Scheduling needs experience
× Inflexible
× Difficult to manage
× Designing CPM is time
consuming
Pros Cons

Traditional Methodologies - CCPM
Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
❑ CCPM is one of the newer project management methodologies
❑ It works backward from the end goal
❑ In this, you need recognize the deliverables, then use past experience to map out the tasks
required to complete the project
Critical Chain Project Management
Activity A Activity B
Feeding
Buffer
Activity C Activity D Activity E
Activity G
Feeding
Buffer
Activity F
Project
Buffer
Start Finish

Traditional Methodologies - CCPM
Waterfall
PERT
CPM
CCPM
✓ Resource Efficient
✓ Focussed on end goal
✓ Removes bottlenecks
✓ Reduces Variations
× Not suitable for multi-project
environments
× Delays Common
Pros Cons

Traditional Agile Process Based
OthersChange ManagementPMI

PMI Methodology - PMBOK
PMBOK
❑ Not exactly a methodology but a guide to project management
❑ It breakdowns the entire project management process into 5 different phases.
Project Management Book Of Knowledge

PMI Methodology - PMBOK
PMBOK
✓ Easy breakdown of PM steps
✓ Comprehensive approach
✓ Well suited to an iterative
development environment
× Project Governance is around
stakeholders
× Treats project as a single entity
Pros Cons

Agile Methodology - Agile
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
Agile
❑ It is a process of continuous iteration of development and testing throughout the lifecycle of a project
❑ All Iterations are of the same time duration (between 2 to 8 weeks)
❑ It promotes a disciplined PM process that encourages frequent inspection & adaptation
Feedback
APF

Agile Methodology - Agile
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
✓ Transparency
✓ Stakeholder Involvement
✓ Early and Predictable Deliver
✓ Predictable Costs and Schedule
✓ Focuses on Business Value &
Customers
✓ Improves Quality
× Difficult effort assessment and
project progress
× No clear end
× Products lacks overall design
Pros Cons
APF

Agile Methodology - Scrum
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
Scrum
❑ It is a lightweight process of continuous iteration of development & testing throughout the
project lifecycle
❑ It easily manages complex software and product development, using iterative and incremental
practices
APF

Agile Methodology - Scrum
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
✓ Improves Quality of Product
✓ Quick Product Release
✓ Increased ROI & project control
✓ Higher Customer Satisfaction
✓ Progress visibility and exposure
× No definite scope
× Needs experienced team members
× Not suited for large & complex
projects
Pros Cons
APF

Agile Methodology - Kanban
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
Kanban
❑ It is a process for managing the creation of products with an emphasis on continual delivery by
matching the amount of work in progress (WIP) to the team's capacity
❑ In a Kanban process, there are physical (or virtual) “cards” which are called Kanban that move through
the process from start to finish and aims to keep a constant flow of Kanban
APF

Agile Methodology - Kanban
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
✓ Optimizes inventory and output
✓ Minimizes waste and scraps
✓ Adds flexibility in production
✓ Reduces overall costs
✓ Improves responsiveness to
customer’s demand
× Less effective in shared-resource
situations
× Doesn’t eliminates variability
× Breakdown in Kanban system can
lead to the shutdown of the entire
line
Pros Cons
APF

Agile Methodology - XP
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
eXtreme Programming
❑ It is an agile software development framework
❑ It aims to produce higher quality software, and higher quality of life for the development team
❑ It is characterized by short work sprints, frequent iterations, and constant collaboration with
stakeholders
Unfinished
Features
Iterative
Planning
Project
Heartbeat
Team
Empowerment
Daily
Communication
Honest Plans
Working
Software
Important
Features
APF

Agile Methodology - XP
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
APF
✓ Saves time and cost
✓ Simplicity of Code
✓ Transparent and accountable process
✓ Constant feedback
✓ Speeds up project development
× Lack of defect documentation
× No code quality assurance
Pros Cons

Agile Methodology - APF
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
APF
Adaptive Project Framework
❑ It is a structured and systematic process of project management
❑ Using this, you can gradually improve your decisions and practices, by learning from outcomes of the
decisions that you took at previous stages in the project
PLAN
EXECUTE

Agile Methodology - APF
Agile
Scrum
Kanban
XP
APF
✓ Provides Flexibility
✓ Increases Customer satisfaction
✓ Improves Quality of product
× Job repetitions
× Less control over project
× Not suited for large & complex
projects
Pros Cons

Change Management - ECM
ECM
XPM
Event Chain Methodology
❑ This methodology helps in identifying the event chain that can affects the project outcome
❑ It is uncertainty modelling approach practiced by the project managers to identify and eradicate the
uncertain events
Global Events
Event Chain 1
Event Chain 2

Change Management - ECM
ECM
XPM
✓ Event based resource allocation
✓ Risk Mitigation
✓ Provides visualization to the chain
of events
✓ Enables the use of quantitative
analysis models
✓ More realistic projects
× Task repetitions
× Leads to loss of opportunities
Pros Cons

Change Management - XPM
ECM
XPM
eXtreme Project Management
❑ XPM is an extreme PMLC model that proceeds from phase to phase based on the limited knowledge of
goal as well as solution
❑ It is used for managing very complex and very uncertain projects
❑ It is open, elastic and indeterministic approach
❑ It follows the principles of human interaction management
Scope
Phase
Plan Phase
Launch
Phase
Monitor &
Control
Close
Phase
Close
Project
Next Phase

Change Management - XPM
ECM
XPM
✓ Speedy Work
✓ Trial and Error Approach
✓ Self-correcting process
✓ Well-defined scope and objectives
× Highly complex project needs
× People driven projects
× Frequent changes
Pros Cons

Process Based - Lean
Lean
Six Sigma
Lean
❑ Lean methodology uses data-driven methods to manage projects by focusing on
continuously improving the process
❑ It is effective with complex projects impacted by cost and resource limitations
Identification
Preparation
Appraisal
PresentationImplementation
Evaluation
Monitoring
Lean Six Sigma

Process Based - Lean
Lean
Six Sigma ✓ Greater control over project
✓ Continuous quality improvement
✓ Defect Identification
✓ Prevents over production
× Time Consuming
× Stakeholder involvement
× Teamwork effects productivity
directly
Pros Cons
Lean Six Sigma

Process Based – Six Sigma
Lean
Six Sigma
Six Sigma
❑ It is a system that holds significant promise of the integration of the Six Sigma methodology with the
tools and processes of project management
❑ It helps in finding and addressing the weak points in a process that hinders the efficiency or that results
in more errors than is ideal
Lean Six Sigma

Process Based – Six Sigma
Lean
Six Sigma
Lean Six Sigma
✓ Suggest improvements before
defects even appear
✓ Improves customer loyalty
✓ Reduces Time Cycle
✓ Provides strategic planning
× Requires skilled man force
× Real time barriers
× Expensive process
× One-size-fits all approach
Pros Cons

❑ Lean Six Sigma is a combination of two powerful process improvement methods
Process Based – Lean Six Sigma
Lean
Six Sigma
Lean Six Sigma
Lean Six Sigma
Waste
Elimination
Defect
Reduction
Lean accelerates six
sigma

Process Based – Lean Six Sigma
Lean
Six Sigma
Lean Six Sigma
✓ Increases profit
✓ Decreases cost
✓ Improves efficiency & effectiveness
× No defined strategy
× Sustainability risks
Pros Cons

Others – PRINCE2
❑ It is a structured process that is based on a series of components and techniques
❑ It provides a road map that guides a PM in organizing, managing & controlling the projects
❑ PRINCE2 has 44 processes distributed in eight process groups
PRINCE2
Pre-
Project
Initiation
Stage
Subsequent
Delivery
Stages
Final
Delivery
Stage
Directing
Managing
Delivering
SU
Directing Project
CSCSIP
SB SB CP
MPMP
SU – Starting Up a project
IP – Initiating a Plan
SB – managing a Stage Boundary
CP- Closing a Project
CS – Controlling a Stage
MP – Managing Product delivery
PRINCE2
PRiSM

Others – PRINCE2
✓ Business case driven
✓ Clear quality management
✓ Focuses on key risk areas
✓ Change control process
× Can cause paralysis by analysis
× Requires to produce numerous
products
Pros Cons
PRINCE2
PRiSM

Others - PRiSM
❑ PRiSM is a principles-based, sustainable project management methodology
❑ It incorporates a value-maximization model that focuses on the total asset lifecycle
❑ It is designed for large-scale real estate development projects or construction or infrastructure projects
that can have adverse environmental effects
PRiSM
Consulting
Implementation
Upgrade & Migration
Operations & Support
PRINCE2
PRiSM

Others - PRiSM
PRINCE2
PRiSM
✓ Eco-friendly
✓ Increases sustainability
✓ Improves efficiency & effectiveness
× Can’t work in isolation
× Needs to adhere to its principles
Pros Cons

When To Use PM Methodologies?
Relevance to companies
future objectives
High Risks & Uncertainty
Factors
Unfamiliarity
Efforts magnitude is
high
Organizational reputation
is at stake
Interrelatedness among
the project tasks

How To Choose Right Methodology?

Evaluate Your Stakeholders 05
Evaluate Your Tools 04
Evaluate Your Organization 03
Evaluate Your Team 02
Evaluate Your Project 01

Points to evaluate
Timeline provided2
Financial Budget1
Size and complexity of project3
Project type and industry4
Stakeholder’s expectations5

Points to evaluate
Training for project2
Experience of team members1
Self organization capabilities of resources3
Team Preparedness4
Geographic location of team5Evaluate Your Stakeholders 05

Points to evaluate
Organization hierarchy2
Organization Culture and size1
Flexibility3
Available resources and industry4
Past records and experience5
Maturity level of organization6

Compare tools capability with specific methodology2
Limitations of the tools being used1
Points to evaluate

Requirements of the stakeholders2
Check stakeholders involvement1
Points to evaluate

Various Project Management Tools

Project Management Tools
Notion

Project Management Tools & Techniques | PMP® Training Videos | Project Management Tutorial | Edureka

Project Management Tools & Techniques | PMP® Training Videos | Project Management Tutorial | Edureka

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