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A
Project Report
On
HappyJourney
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Computer Science and Engineering
By
Ramanuj Saini (2001500100083)
Rishu Chauhan (2001500100088)
Ujjwall Patwa (2001500100120)
Vikask kumar Yadav(2001500100122)
Under the Supervision of
Prof. or Dr. Name
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Affiliated to
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,
India-226031
April, 2024
i
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Happy Journey” submitted by Mr.
Ramanuj Saini(2001500100083),Mr.Rishu Chauhan(2001500100088),Mr.Ujjwal Patwa
(2001500100083),Mr. Vikash kumar Yadav(200150010122)to the IILMCET, Greater
Noida, Utter Pradesh, affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Science & Engineering is a bonafide record of the project work carried out by the
under my supervision during the year 2023-2024.
Mrs. Lalita
Assistant Professor
Dept.of CSE
Dr. Shilpy Agrawal
Associate Professor and Head
Dept.of CSE
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. We would
like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
We are highly indebted to Mrs Lalita for her guidance and constant supervision.Also,
we are highly thankful to them for providing necessary information regarding the
project & also for their support in completing the project.
We are extremely indebted to Dr. Shilpy Agrawal, HOD, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, IILMCET. We would also like to express our sincere thanks
to all faculty and staff members of Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
IILM CET for their support in completing this project on time.
We also express gratitude towards our parents for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which helped me in completion of this project. Our thanks and
appreciations also go to our friends in developing the project and all the people who
have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
Ramanuj Saini
Rishu Chauhan
Vikash kumar Yadav
Ujjwal Patwa
iii
ABSTRACT
There is tremendous increase in population, due to this there is increase in number of
vehicles. The rise in number of vehicles had led to many problems like traffic
congestion, increase in consumption of fuels, rising travel costs. Considering all these
problems we have studied different papers. This paper introduces bike sharing
application which will help people to travel on one bike and share their expenses and
also reduce pollution.
Keywords
Bike pooling, Android, pollution, Google maps
iv
CONTENTS
Title Page
CERTIFICATE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv
LISTOFTABLES v
LISTOFFIGURES vi
NOMENCLATURE vii
ABBREVIATIONS viii
CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION
1.1 FlowthroughInletManifold 3
1.2 SimulationUsingComputationalFluidDynamics 5
CHAPTER2:LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 DieselEngineFlowModeling 9
2.2.1 EffectonEngineConfigurations 9
2.3 DieselCombustionModel 25
CHAPTER3:PROBLEM FORMULATION
CHAPTER4:PROPOSED WORK
CHAPTER5:SYSTEM DESIGN
CHAPTER6: IMPLEMENTATION
CHAPTER7: RESULT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER8: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, AND FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCE 50
LISTOFPUBLICATIONS 55
CONTRIBUTION OF PROJECT 55
v
ListofTables
TableTitle Page
3.1 ValuesAssignedtoStandardk-εTurbulenceModelCoefficients 55
3.2 ValuesAssignedtoRNGk-εTurbulenceModelCoefficients 57
4.1 EngineSpecifications 90
4.2 GeometricalDetailsoftheInjector 90
4.3 BoundaryandInitialConditions 94
4.4 GridIndependenceStudy 99
vi
LISTOF FIGURES
FigureTitle Page
3.1 LagrangianDropletMotion 70
4.1 VerticalManifold 95
4.2 20O
BendManifold 95
4.3 90O
BendManifold 95
4.4 SpiralManifold 95
4.5 SpiralManifoldConfiguration(θ=225o
) 96
4.6 SpiralManifoldwithDifferentFlowEntryAngles(20O
,32.5O
and45O
) 96
4.7 HelicalManifold(HelicalAngles30O
, 35O
,40O
,45O
and50O
) 97
4.8 SpiralManifold 97
4.9 HelicalManifold 97
4.10 Helical-SpiralManifold 97
4.11 GridIndependentSRforValidationModel 98
4.12 GridIndependentTKEforValidationModel 99
vii
d
s
NOMENCLATURE
EnglishSymbols
A Pre-exponentialconstant
A Dropletcross-sectionalarea,m2
A Dropletsurfacearea,m2
A0 Nozzlecrosssectionalarea.m2
Cp Specificheat,J/kg-K
Cam Virtualmasscoefficient
c Reactionprogressvariable
cd Coefficientofdischargeofnozzle
cp,d Dropletspecificheat
Dd Instantaneousdropletdiameter,m
Dm Vapourdiffusivity
viii
ABBREVIATIONS
ATDC AfterTopDeadCenter
BDC BottomDeadCenter
BTDC BeforeTopDeadCenter
CA CrankAngle
CAD ComputerAidedDesign
CCS CombinedChargingSystem
CFD ComputationalFluidDynamics
CO CarbonMonoxide
CTC Characteristic–TimeCombustion
DI DirectInjection
DME DimethylEther
DNS DirectNumericalSimulations
EGR ExhaustGasRe-Circulation
FIE FuelInjectionEquipments
HC Hydrocarbon
HWA HotWireAnemometer
IC InternalCombustion
project Cover Page_ Certificate _Ack.docx

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project Cover Page_ Certificate _Ack.docx

  • 1. A Project Report On HappyJourney Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In Computer Science and Engineering By Ramanuj Saini (2001500100083) Rishu Chauhan (2001500100088) Ujjwall Patwa (2001500100120) Vikask kumar Yadav(2001500100122) Under the Supervision of Prof. or Dr. Name Department of Computer Science and Engineering Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India-226031 April, 2024
  • 2. i CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled “Happy Journey” submitted by Mr. Ramanuj Saini(2001500100083),Mr.Rishu Chauhan(2001500100088),Mr.Ujjwal Patwa (2001500100083),Mr. Vikash kumar Yadav(200150010122)to the IILMCET, Greater Noida, Utter Pradesh, affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering is a bonafide record of the project work carried out by the under my supervision during the year 2023-2024. Mrs. Lalita Assistant Professor Dept.of CSE Dr. Shilpy Agrawal Associate Professor and Head Dept.of CSE
  • 3. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. We would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. We are highly indebted to Mrs Lalita for her guidance and constant supervision.Also, we are highly thankful to them for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project. We are extremely indebted to Dr. Shilpy Agrawal, HOD, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IILMCET. We would also like to express our sincere thanks to all faculty and staff members of Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IILM CET for their support in completing this project on time. We also express gratitude towards our parents for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of this project. Our thanks and appreciations also go to our friends in developing the project and all the people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities. Ramanuj Saini Rishu Chauhan Vikash kumar Yadav Ujjwal Patwa
  • 4. iii ABSTRACT There is tremendous increase in population, due to this there is increase in number of vehicles. The rise in number of vehicles had led to many problems like traffic congestion, increase in consumption of fuels, rising travel costs. Considering all these problems we have studied different papers. This paper introduces bike sharing application which will help people to travel on one bike and share their expenses and also reduce pollution. Keywords Bike pooling, Android, pollution, Google maps
  • 5. iv CONTENTS Title Page CERTIFICATE i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii ABSTRACT iii CONTENTS iv LISTOFTABLES v LISTOFFIGURES vi NOMENCLATURE vii ABBREVIATIONS viii CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION 1.1 FlowthroughInletManifold 3 1.2 SimulationUsingComputationalFluidDynamics 5 CHAPTER2:LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 DieselEngineFlowModeling 9 2.2.1 EffectonEngineConfigurations 9 2.3 DieselCombustionModel 25 CHAPTER3:PROBLEM FORMULATION CHAPTER4:PROPOSED WORK CHAPTER5:SYSTEM DESIGN CHAPTER6: IMPLEMENTATION CHAPTER7: RESULT ANALYSIS CHAPTER8: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, AND FUTURE SCOPE REFERENCE 50 LISTOFPUBLICATIONS 55 CONTRIBUTION OF PROJECT 55
  • 6. v ListofTables TableTitle Page 3.1 ValuesAssignedtoStandardk-εTurbulenceModelCoefficients 55 3.2 ValuesAssignedtoRNGk-εTurbulenceModelCoefficients 57 4.1 EngineSpecifications 90 4.2 GeometricalDetailsoftheInjector 90 4.3 BoundaryandInitialConditions 94 4.4 GridIndependenceStudy 99
  • 7. vi LISTOF FIGURES FigureTitle Page 3.1 LagrangianDropletMotion 70 4.1 VerticalManifold 95 4.2 20O BendManifold 95 4.3 90O BendManifold 95 4.4 SpiralManifold 95 4.5 SpiralManifoldConfiguration(θ=225o ) 96 4.6 SpiralManifoldwithDifferentFlowEntryAngles(20O ,32.5O and45O ) 96 4.7 HelicalManifold(HelicalAngles30O , 35O ,40O ,45O and50O ) 97 4.8 SpiralManifold 97 4.9 HelicalManifold 97 4.10 Helical-SpiralManifold 97 4.11 GridIndependentSRforValidationModel 98 4.12 GridIndependentTKEforValidationModel 99
  • 8. vii d s NOMENCLATURE EnglishSymbols A Pre-exponentialconstant A Dropletcross-sectionalarea,m2 A Dropletsurfacearea,m2 A0 Nozzlecrosssectionalarea.m2 Cp Specificheat,J/kg-K Cam Virtualmasscoefficient c Reactionprogressvariable cd Coefficientofdischargeofnozzle cp,d Dropletspecificheat Dd Instantaneousdropletdiameter,m Dm Vapourdiffusivity
  • 9. viii ABBREVIATIONS ATDC AfterTopDeadCenter BDC BottomDeadCenter BTDC BeforeTopDeadCenter CA CrankAngle CAD ComputerAidedDesign CCS CombinedChargingSystem CFD ComputationalFluidDynamics CO CarbonMonoxide CTC Characteristic–TimeCombustion DI DirectInjection DME DimethylEther DNS DirectNumericalSimulations EGR ExhaustGasRe-Circulation FIE FuelInjectionEquipments HC Hydrocarbon HWA HotWireAnemometer IC InternalCombustion