The document discusses various hormones in the endocrine system, including those produced by glands like the pancreas, thyroid, and gonads. It provides information on hormones like insulin, glucagon, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, and describes their roles and target organs. Graphs are included showing the relationships between hormones produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and their effects on other endocrine glands.
This document discusses hormones and the endocrine system. It provides information on various hormones produced by different endocrine glands and their target organs and functions. Specifically, it discusses hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads. It also discusses the target concept of hormone action and provides a table outlining various hormones, their sources, targets, and principal actions.
The nervous and endocrine systems work together to monitor and regulate cells in the body. The endocrine system uses hormones to initiate responses in target cells by binding to specific receptors. Hormones are classified by their structure and function, with some made from cholesterol and others from amino acids. Hormones are released into the bloodstream and bind with matching receptors on target cells to initiate various responses and maintain homeostasis. The major endocrine glands and their hormones are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, placenta and pineal glands.
This document summarizes the functions of gonads and sex hormones in males and females. It explains that in males, the testes produce testosterone, which stimulates male sex characteristics and sexual drive. In females, the ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone. Estrogens regulate the menstrual cycle and develop female sex characteristics, while progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and mammary glands for lactation. Both the testes and ovaries secrete inhibin to regulate follicle-stimulating hormone levels.
As a component of the endocrine system, both male and female gonads produce sex hormones. Male and female sex hormones are steroid hormones and as such, can pass through the cell membrane of their target cells to influence gene expression within cells. Gonadal hormone production is regulated by hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary in the brain. Hormones that stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones are known as gonadotropins. The pituitary secretes the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These protein hormones influence reproductive organs in various ways. LH stimulates the testes to secrete the sex hormone testosterone and the ovaries to secrete progesterone and estrogens. FSH aids in the maturation of ovarian follicles (sacs containing ova) in females and sperm production in males.
The male reproductive system is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. The hypothalamus produces GnRH which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH. LH acts on the testes to stimulate production of testosterone, while FSH supports sperm production. Testosterone promotes male secondary sex characteristics and regulates its own production through negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. Precise control of these hormones is vital for normal male development, sexual function, and fertility.
This document summarizes hormones and their roles in reproduction. It discusses:
- The classifications of reproductive hormones based on mode of action (primary vs secondary) and biochemical structure (proteins, steroids, etc).
- The primary hormones of reproduction (FSH, LH) and how they regulate processes like spermatogenesis and ovulation.
- Other reproductive hormones like estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and how they act in males and females.
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone secretion.
- Placental hormones involved in pregnancy like hCG and placental lactogen.
The document discusses the endocrine system and hormones. It provides information on various endocrine glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, placenta, thymus, and mucosa. It explains the functions of hormones, how they are classified as steroid or nonsteroid, and how hormones interact with receptors in target cells. The roles of various hormones such as melatonin, growth hormone, insulin, estrogen and testosterone are outlined.
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target cells and tissues. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and reproductive organs. Hormones communicate with target cells through membrane receptors or nuclear receptors and can influence cells even at low concentrations. Negative feedback loops precisely control hormone secretion levels. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands through releasing hormones and regulates body processes like growth, milk production, metabolism and reproduction.
This document discusses hormones and the endocrine system. It provides information on various hormones produced by different endocrine glands and their target organs and functions. Specifically, it discusses hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads. It also discusses the target concept of hormone action and provides a table outlining various hormones, their sources, targets, and principal actions.
The nervous and endocrine systems work together to monitor and regulate cells in the body. The endocrine system uses hormones to initiate responses in target cells by binding to specific receptors. Hormones are classified by their structure and function, with some made from cholesterol and others from amino acids. Hormones are released into the bloodstream and bind with matching receptors on target cells to initiate various responses and maintain homeostasis. The major endocrine glands and their hormones are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, placenta and pineal glands.
This document summarizes the functions of gonads and sex hormones in males and females. It explains that in males, the testes produce testosterone, which stimulates male sex characteristics and sexual drive. In females, the ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone. Estrogens regulate the menstrual cycle and develop female sex characteristics, while progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and mammary glands for lactation. Both the testes and ovaries secrete inhibin to regulate follicle-stimulating hormone levels.
As a component of the endocrine system, both male and female gonads produce sex hormones. Male and female sex hormones are steroid hormones and as such, can pass through the cell membrane of their target cells to influence gene expression within cells. Gonadal hormone production is regulated by hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary in the brain. Hormones that stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones are known as gonadotropins. The pituitary secretes the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These protein hormones influence reproductive organs in various ways. LH stimulates the testes to secrete the sex hormone testosterone and the ovaries to secrete progesterone and estrogens. FSH aids in the maturation of ovarian follicles (sacs containing ova) in females and sperm production in males.
The male reproductive system is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. The hypothalamus produces GnRH which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH. LH acts on the testes to stimulate production of testosterone, while FSH supports sperm production. Testosterone promotes male secondary sex characteristics and regulates its own production through negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. Precise control of these hormones is vital for normal male development, sexual function, and fertility.
This document summarizes hormones and their roles in reproduction. It discusses:
- The classifications of reproductive hormones based on mode of action (primary vs secondary) and biochemical structure (proteins, steroids, etc).
- The primary hormones of reproduction (FSH, LH) and how they regulate processes like spermatogenesis and ovulation.
- Other reproductive hormones like estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and how they act in males and females.
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone secretion.
- Placental hormones involved in pregnancy like hCG and placental lactogen.
The document discusses the endocrine system and hormones. It provides information on various endocrine glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, placenta, thymus, and mucosa. It explains the functions of hormones, how they are classified as steroid or nonsteroid, and how hormones interact with receptors in target cells. The roles of various hormones such as melatonin, growth hormone, insulin, estrogen and testosterone are outlined.
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target cells and tissues. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and reproductive organs. Hormones communicate with target cells through membrane receptors or nuclear receptors and can influence cells even at low concentrations. Negative feedback loops precisely control hormone secretion levels. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands through releasing hormones and regulates body processes like growth, milk production, metabolism and reproduction.
The document discusses the endocrine and nervous systems. It provides information on 16 different endocrine glands and their hormone productions. Key endocrine glands discussed include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testes, ovaries, placenta, thymus, and heart. The endocrine system works through chemical messengers called hormones to help regulate processes in the body like growth, metabolism, sexual function, stress response, and fluid balance. The nervous system works faster than the endocrine system through nerve impulses to control behaviors and homeostasis.
The document describes the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It details the location and functions of each gland, such as hormone production and regulation of processes like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The endocrine system works through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
This document discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It begins by describing the hypothalamus' location and role in connecting the brain and endocrine system. It then lists the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and their functions in stimulating or inhibiting pituitary hormone release. Next, it describes the pituitary gland's dual nature and location in the sella turcica, before listing the hormones secreted by its two lobes and their functions. It concludes by discussing the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system and its role in transporting hypothalamic hormones to regulate pituitary function.
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions. Major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and pineal gland. Hormones control processes like metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep cycles, mood, and reproduction.
The document discusses various endocrine glands and their hormones that relate to maintaining homeostasis and stability in soccer players like a team. It describes the location, structure, and functions of the pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreatic islets, gonads, placenta, thymus, gastric/intestinal mucosa, and heart. Key hormones include growth hormone, thyroid hormones, adrenaline, insulin, estrogen/progesterone, and more. Maintaining hormonal balance is important for optimal performance on the soccer field, just as coaching provides internal stability to the team.
Neuro-endocrine control of reproduction in sheepILRI
Presented by Zeleke Mekuriaw at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
This document discusses chemical messengers and hormones, including:
1. Chemical messengers can be categorized as local messengers, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, hormones, and pheromones. Hormones differ in that they are secreted by endocrine glands and circulate through the bloodstream to target distant cells.
2. Hormones control biochemical reactions in target cells by increasing substance transport, stimulating enzyme/protein synthesis, or activating/suppressing enzymes. The major classes of hormones are proteins, amines, steroids, and eicosanoids.
3. Hormone secretion is regulated by feedback control systems, which can be either positive or negative. Negative feedback systems help maintain
The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system and endocrinology. It discusses the female phenotype and sex hormones like estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH. It describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and how hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and reproduction. Other endocrine glands like the thyroid and their roles in fertility are also mentioned.
The document discusses the relationship between hormones and behavior in animals. It explains that hormones secreted from endocrine glands influence moods and responses to stimuli. Animal reproductive and maternal behaviors are regulated seasonally based on changing hormone levels, such as increases in sex hormones during breeding seasons. Specific hormones like progesterone, prolactin, LH, and melatonin influence behaviors related to incubation, feeding of young, ovulation, and growth of reproductive organs. Hormones also affect aggressive behaviors, territorial markings, and development of sexual characteristics. Behaviors are regulated through the interactions of the pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal systems.
The document discusses the human endocrine system. It describes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovary, and hormones produced by other tissues like the heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland which secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands. Hormones act by binding to specific receptors in target tissues and initiating responses like stimulating or inhibiting hormone production.
GnRH is a peptide hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. In fish, GnRH is expressed early in development as neurons migrate and form populations in the brain. GnRH mRNA and peptide have also been found in fish gonads, suggesting a potential paracrine role, though the exact role is unclear. GnRH receptors have been identified in the gonads of several fish species. GnRH has been shown to stimulate meiosis in fish oocytes and affect behaviors like territoriality in some fish. Further research is still needed to fully understand GnRH function in fish.
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including the major endocrine glands and how they are regulated. It discusses how the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland which in turn controls other endocrine glands through tropic hormones. These glands secrete second hormones that have feedback effects. The pituitary gland has an anterior and posterior lobe, with the posterior secreting hormones from hypothalamic neurons. Key hormones and their targets and actions are summarized in charts. Disorders associated with growth hormone secretion are also discussed.
This document discusses the neuroendocrinology of reproduction through a comparative evolutionary approach. It describes how neuropeptides like GnRH, kisspeptins, and RFamide peptides regulate reproduction in vertebrates by controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. These neuropeptides act at different levels and pathways to coordinate reproduction with environmental cues like photoperiod and energy balance. The roles of these neuropeptides, especially GnRH and kisspeptin, have been emphasized in modulating reproductive behaviors and social behaviors across species.
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #ENDOCRINE,#GLANDS,#nurses,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
Hormones in human body , biological bases of behavior Anand Choudhary
This document provides an overview of hormones and their functions. It describes hormones as chemicals secreted by endocrine glands that influence other glands and organs. There are two major classes of hormones - protein hormones like insulin and glucagon, and steroid hormones derived from cholesterol like corticoids and sex steroids. The release of hormones is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland using negative feedback systems. Specific hormonal disorders that impact sexual development and characteristics are also discussed, as well as the effects of pheromones on behavior in animals and humans.
KEY CONCEPTS
45.1 Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to target
receptors, triggering specific response pathways
45.2 Feedback regulation and coordination with the nervous system are common in endocrine signaling
45.3 Endocrine glands respond to diverse stimuli in regulating homeostasis, development,
and behavior
Pituitary Hormones Dentistry 2010 FemaleWAlid Salem
The document summarizes the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that target various endocrine glands like the thyroid and adrenals. It regulates processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. ADH regulates fluid balance while oxytocin facilitates childbirth and breastfeeding.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the endocrine system. It describes the pituitary gland and hypothalamus as the central regulators of other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland has an anterior and posterior lobe, each producing distinct hormones. The hypothalamus controls pituitary hormone release through releasing and inhibiting hormones. The major hormones produced and their roles in growth, metabolism, reproduction and other processes are outlined.
This document discusses how hormones act as mediators in development. It describes how hormones secreted by glands like the pituitary, thyroid, and sex organs play an important role in growth. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone and controls other glands. Thyroid hormone is necessary for normal growth and brain development. Sex hormones like testosterone and estrogens influence sexual development and characteristics during puberty. The brain controls the pituitary and the timing of sexual maturity.
LOGOTIPOS - LOGOTYPES
Danos la oportunidad de hacer algo por tu negocio o producto. Somos Expertos en IMAGEN.
Give us the opportunity to do something for your business or product. We are the Experts in IMAGE.
Media Object File Flt Ops Toff Dep Seq04syed viquar
This document discusses takeoff and departure operations, focusing on the "stop or go" decision during takeoff roll. It provides background on statistical data showing a decrease in rejected takeoff incidents from the 1960s to 1990s. It then covers operational standards for the decision, with the captain deciding whether to stop below 100 knots and only stopping above 100 knots for severe issues. Factors that influence the decision are discussed, as well as prevention strategies like briefings and callouts to aid the decision-making process. The goal is to help flight crews make well-informed, timely decisions for safe takeoff operations.
The document discusses the endocrine and nervous systems. It provides information on 16 different endocrine glands and their hormone productions. Key endocrine glands discussed include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testes, ovaries, placenta, thymus, and heart. The endocrine system works through chemical messengers called hormones to help regulate processes in the body like growth, metabolism, sexual function, stress response, and fluid balance. The nervous system works faster than the endocrine system through nerve impulses to control behaviors and homeostasis.
The document describes the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It details the location and functions of each gland, such as hormone production and regulation of processes like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The endocrine system works through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
This document discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It begins by describing the hypothalamus' location and role in connecting the brain and endocrine system. It then lists the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and their functions in stimulating or inhibiting pituitary hormone release. Next, it describes the pituitary gland's dual nature and location in the sella turcica, before listing the hormones secreted by its two lobes and their functions. It concludes by discussing the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system and its role in transporting hypothalamic hormones to regulate pituitary function.
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions. Major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and pineal gland. Hormones control processes like metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep cycles, mood, and reproduction.
The document discusses various endocrine glands and their hormones that relate to maintaining homeostasis and stability in soccer players like a team. It describes the location, structure, and functions of the pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreatic islets, gonads, placenta, thymus, gastric/intestinal mucosa, and heart. Key hormones include growth hormone, thyroid hormones, adrenaline, insulin, estrogen/progesterone, and more. Maintaining hormonal balance is important for optimal performance on the soccer field, just as coaching provides internal stability to the team.
Neuro-endocrine control of reproduction in sheepILRI
Presented by Zeleke Mekuriaw at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
This document discusses chemical messengers and hormones, including:
1. Chemical messengers can be categorized as local messengers, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, hormones, and pheromones. Hormones differ in that they are secreted by endocrine glands and circulate through the bloodstream to target distant cells.
2. Hormones control biochemical reactions in target cells by increasing substance transport, stimulating enzyme/protein synthesis, or activating/suppressing enzymes. The major classes of hormones are proteins, amines, steroids, and eicosanoids.
3. Hormone secretion is regulated by feedback control systems, which can be either positive or negative. Negative feedback systems help maintain
The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system and endocrinology. It discusses the female phenotype and sex hormones like estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH. It describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and how hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and reproduction. Other endocrine glands like the thyroid and their roles in fertility are also mentioned.
The document discusses the relationship between hormones and behavior in animals. It explains that hormones secreted from endocrine glands influence moods and responses to stimuli. Animal reproductive and maternal behaviors are regulated seasonally based on changing hormone levels, such as increases in sex hormones during breeding seasons. Specific hormones like progesterone, prolactin, LH, and melatonin influence behaviors related to incubation, feeding of young, ovulation, and growth of reproductive organs. Hormones also affect aggressive behaviors, territorial markings, and development of sexual characteristics. Behaviors are regulated through the interactions of the pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal systems.
The document discusses the human endocrine system. It describes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovary, and hormones produced by other tissues like the heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland which secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands. Hormones act by binding to specific receptors in target tissues and initiating responses like stimulating or inhibiting hormone production.
GnRH is a peptide hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. In fish, GnRH is expressed early in development as neurons migrate and form populations in the brain. GnRH mRNA and peptide have also been found in fish gonads, suggesting a potential paracrine role, though the exact role is unclear. GnRH receptors have been identified in the gonads of several fish species. GnRH has been shown to stimulate meiosis in fish oocytes and affect behaviors like territoriality in some fish. Further research is still needed to fully understand GnRH function in fish.
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including the major endocrine glands and how they are regulated. It discusses how the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland which in turn controls other endocrine glands through tropic hormones. These glands secrete second hormones that have feedback effects. The pituitary gland has an anterior and posterior lobe, with the posterior secreting hormones from hypothalamic neurons. Key hormones and their targets and actions are summarized in charts. Disorders associated with growth hormone secretion are also discussed.
This document discusses the neuroendocrinology of reproduction through a comparative evolutionary approach. It describes how neuropeptides like GnRH, kisspeptins, and RFamide peptides regulate reproduction in vertebrates by controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. These neuropeptides act at different levels and pathways to coordinate reproduction with environmental cues like photoperiod and energy balance. The roles of these neuropeptides, especially GnRH and kisspeptin, have been emphasized in modulating reproductive behaviors and social behaviors across species.
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #ENDOCRINE,#GLANDS,#nurses,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
Hormones in human body , biological bases of behavior Anand Choudhary
This document provides an overview of hormones and their functions. It describes hormones as chemicals secreted by endocrine glands that influence other glands and organs. There are two major classes of hormones - protein hormones like insulin and glucagon, and steroid hormones derived from cholesterol like corticoids and sex steroids. The release of hormones is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland using negative feedback systems. Specific hormonal disorders that impact sexual development and characteristics are also discussed, as well as the effects of pheromones on behavior in animals and humans.
KEY CONCEPTS
45.1 Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to target
receptors, triggering specific response pathways
45.2 Feedback regulation and coordination with the nervous system are common in endocrine signaling
45.3 Endocrine glands respond to diverse stimuli in regulating homeostasis, development,
and behavior
Pituitary Hormones Dentistry 2010 FemaleWAlid Salem
The document summarizes the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that target various endocrine glands like the thyroid and adrenals. It regulates processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. ADH regulates fluid balance while oxytocin facilitates childbirth and breastfeeding.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the endocrine system. It describes the pituitary gland and hypothalamus as the central regulators of other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland has an anterior and posterior lobe, each producing distinct hormones. The hypothalamus controls pituitary hormone release through releasing and inhibiting hormones. The major hormones produced and their roles in growth, metabolism, reproduction and other processes are outlined.
This document discusses how hormones act as mediators in development. It describes how hormones secreted by glands like the pituitary, thyroid, and sex organs play an important role in growth. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone and controls other glands. Thyroid hormone is necessary for normal growth and brain development. Sex hormones like testosterone and estrogens influence sexual development and characteristics during puberty. The brain controls the pituitary and the timing of sexual maturity.
LOGOTIPOS - LOGOTYPES
Danos la oportunidad de hacer algo por tu negocio o producto. Somos Expertos en IMAGEN.
Give us the opportunity to do something for your business or product. We are the Experts in IMAGE.
Media Object File Flt Ops Toff Dep Seq04syed viquar
This document discusses takeoff and departure operations, focusing on the "stop or go" decision during takeoff roll. It provides background on statistical data showing a decrease in rejected takeoff incidents from the 1960s to 1990s. It then covers operational standards for the decision, with the captain deciding whether to stop below 100 knots and only stopping above 100 knots for severe issues. Factors that influence the decision are discussed, as well as prevention strategies like briefings and callouts to aid the decision-making process. The goal is to help flight crews make well-informed, timely decisions for safe takeoff operations.
XXL2010 - Team 2 - PinUp Presentation 11 Feb Michela Turrin
The document presents a group's concepts for a new stadium in Kuip that can accommodate various visitor capacities. It explores urban connections via transportation. It introduces a concept of a modular, reconfigurable stadium inspired by Rubik's Cubes. Sketches and impressions visualize moving roof sections. Sustainability strategies include geothermal energy, solar power, wind energy, rainwater collection and reuse.
Takeoff speeds are key safety elements during takeoff to ensure aircraft control and adequate climb performance. This document defines and explains several important takeoff speeds, including V1 (decision speed), VR (rotation speed), V2 (takeoff safety speed), VMCA (minimum control speed in the air), and VMCG (minimum control speed on the ground). It discusses factors that can affect takeoff speed calculation and utilization, and emphasizes the importance of cross-checking speeds to prevent errors.
The document summarizes the A400M flight test campaign. It describes two flight test centers in Toulouse and Sevilla, with telemetry stations across Europe. Five flight test aircraft are conducting over 3700 hours of planned flight tests. So far, the aircraft has achieved over 2180 flight hours and validated its flight envelope, handling qualities, performance, systems, and military capabilities. The flight test program is on track to achieve type certification by the end of 2011.
This document discusses standard operating procedures (SOPs) and their importance for flight safety. Some key points:
- Strict adherence to SOPs helps prevent crew errors, anticipate threats, and enhance safety. Proper CRM is not possible without following SOPs.
- Statistical data shows the leading causes of approach-and-landing accidents are related to not following SOPs, including omissions of actions, non-adherence to stabilized approach criteria, and inadequate crew coordination.
- Airbus SOPs are designed to reflect the aircraft design and operating philosophies, and promote optimal use of features. Operators can adopt or customize SOPs, with potential deviations requiring approval.
The document provides an overview of the A350 XWB aircraft. It describes the aircraft as the most efficient long range aircraft ever built, combining advanced aerodynamics, innovative airframe technologies, and optimized systems. It has been designed with extensive input from customers to meet their expectations and demonstrate unprecedented maturity. Key aspects of its design include new generation engines for lower fuel burn, advanced aerodynamics for increased range, and an extra wide cabin for greater passenger comfort. The aircraft is projected to provide 25% lower operating costs compared to previous aircraft models.
1) Airbus is a European aerospace company founded in 1970 that produces commercial airliners.
2) It began as a consortium between several European aviation firms to compete with American companies like Boeing.
3) Airbus has over 63,000 employees and works with over 1,500 Indian employees and many Chinese manufacturing partners to produce its aircraft.
The document discusses the endocrine system and hormones, explaining how hormones are released from glands and target specific cells through receptor proteins to regulate bodily functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It provides information on different types of hormones based on their chemical structure and source, and includes tables listing major hormones and their functions.
The document provides an in-depth look at the endocrine system through recipes and tables. It discusses how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate hormones. The major glands of the endocrine system are described, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pineal body, and reproductive glands. Hormones are classified by function and structure. Steroid and nonsteroid hormones are defined. Finally, tables list the major hormones and the glands, targets, and principal actions of each.
This document summarizes the endocrine system, including its glands and hormones. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland secrete hormones that signal other endocrine glands. The hypothalamus releases hormones that control the pituitary, which in turn secretes hormones regulating thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive functions. Other glands like the pineal body and thyroid also communicate via hormones. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through chemical messengers called hormones.
The endocrine system controls physiological processes through the secretion of hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are either steroid hormones which diffuse through cell membranes or nonsteroid hormones which bind to cell surface receptors. Hormone actions are regulated by negative feedback loops and the number of receptors on cells. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads, each secreting hormones that regulate processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. During exercise, hormones like glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone are released to increase glucose availability and mobilize energy stores.
The endocrine and nervous systems work together to maintain stability in the body. The endocrine system is slower acting and releases hormones into the bloodstream to target cells, while the nervous system sends rapid impulses through nerves. Major endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries/testes, and placenta. Hormones bind to receptors on target cells and regulate various bodily functions like growth, metabolism, fluid balance, reproduction, and mood.
This document outlines the physiology of the endocrine system, focusing on the thyroid gland. It discusses the synthesis and transport of thyroid hormones, including iodine uptake, thyroglobulin production, iodination, and oxidative coupling to form T3 and T4. These hormones are then released into capillaries and transported bound to thyroxine-binding globulin and other proteins in plasma to target tissues. The thyroid gland contains follicles lined with cells that take up iodine and produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism.
FSH, LH, and testosterone are hormones that regulate reproductive functions. FSH acts on the ovaries and testes to stimulate gamete production. LH triggers ovulation in females and supports testosterone production in males. Testosterone promotes male sexual development and secondary sex characteristics. The hormones work by binding to receptors on target cells and activating intracellular signaling cascades. Abnormal levels can cause diseases like polycystic ovarian syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome.
The document summarizes key aspects of the human endocrine system. It describes the main endocrine glands including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pineal gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland and pancreas. It provides details on the hormones produced by each gland and their functions in regulating processes like growth, metabolism, sexual development and the immune system. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland play central roles in controlling the other endocrine glands through releasing and inhibiting hormones.
The male reproductive system produces sperm and hormones. The testes contain seminiferous tubules with Sertoli cells that support sperm production. Under the influence of FSH, Sertoli cells nurture germ cells as they develop into sperm through spermatogenesis. Leydig cells in the testes, stimulated by LH, secrete testosterone which supports sperm production and male characteristics. A hormonal feedback loop between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and testes regulates hormone production and sperm development.
The document summarizes key information about endocrine glands and their hormones. It discusses that endocrine glands are groups of secretory cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. The major endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, ovaries, testes, pancreas and pineal gland. Each gland secretes specific hormones that target distant tissues, regulating processes like growth, metabolism, reproduction and homeostasis. Hormone secretion is regulated by negative feedback loops between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate physiological and biological functions throughout the body. Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Hormones maintain homeostasis, control growth and development, regulate metabolism and physical activity, and influence reproductive processes and biological rhythms. Target cells contain receptors that allow hormones to have remote effects on various bodily systems and adapt organisms to environmental changes.
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to help maintain homeostasis. The system includes the adrenal glands, ovaries, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, testes, thymus gland, and thyroid gland. The suffixes "-crine" and "-tropin" are used in relation to hormones. "-crine" refers to secreting, as seen in "endocrine." "-tropin" refers to stimulating, as seen in hormones like somatotropin and gonadotropins. Somatotropin stimulates growth while gonadotropins influence the gonads.
The document discusses various hormones produced by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone. It describes the targets and functions of these hormones in regulating processes like growth, metabolism, reproduction, lactation, water balance, and stress response. The hormones act through feedback loops between the hypothalamus and pituitary to control hormone release from other endocrine glands.
Best Hormones and the Endocrine System-1.pptAnthonyMatu1
The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate bodily functions through feedback loops. Hormones are chemical signals secreted into the bloodstream that target and influence distant cells. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries/testes, and pineal gland. Hormones fall into categories like proteins, steroids, and amino acid derivatives. They act through receptors on cells and second messenger systems to elicit metabolic or developmental responses throughout the body.
Best Hormones and the Endocrine System-1.pptAnthonyMatu1
The endocrine system secretes hormones that act as chemical messengers throughout the body. The document describes the major endocrine glands and hormones, including how hormones are classified, their mechanisms of action, and how they regulate processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction via feedback loops. Key hormones discussed include insulin, glucagon, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, thyroid hormones, cortisol, and ADH.
CAPE Biology unit 2 notes on the endocrine systemshorty_sapphira
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including:
1) The endocrine system maintains homeostasis and long-term control using hormones secreted into the bloodstream by various glands.
2) Hormones can be steroids, peptides, or amines, and act through feedback cycles and target cell receptors to regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and sexual development.
3) Key endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, and adrenals, with the hypothalamus controlling the pituitary.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland and its relationship to the hypothalamus. It discusses the following key points:
- The anterior pituitary secretes 6 hormones (GH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, FSH, LH) which control various target glands and metabolic functions.
- The hypothalamus controls anterior pituitary secretion through releasing and inhibitory hormones transported via a portal system. These include TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH, and dopamine.
- Disorders of the anterior pituitary can cause gigantism/acromegaly from hypersecretion or dwarfism from hyposecretion of growth hormone.
Chemical Coordination and Integration_NEET_XI_NCERT-1.pptxsaabitkhan280
The document discusses human physiology related to endocrine glands and hormones. It describes that endocrine glands secrete hormones which act as chemical messengers. The major endocrine glands discussed include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, gonads and pineal gland. It provides details on the hormones secreted by each gland and their functions in regulating other glands and target organs. Disorders related to some glands like pituitary are also mentioned.
The document provides information about the endocrine system and its glands. It discusses the major endocrine glands including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. It explains the hormones produced by each gland and their functions, such as insulin regulating blood sugar and testosterone controlling male development. The role of hormones in the female and male reproductive systems is also summarized, including how hormones like FSH and LH control the menstrual cycle and sperm production. Finally, common endocrine disorders are briefly described, such as osteoporosis, goiter, gigantism and dwarfism resulting from hormonal im
This 1 sentence document appears to be a works cited list with a single source: a 2008 printed human physiology textbook by Diana Gordon and Steven L. Gordon published by Verner Software and Technology.
This document contains a blood typing analysis worksheet. It provides the results of agglutination tests using anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh sera on four patient samples. The worksheet shows that patient 3 (Mr. Green) had agglutination with all three sera, indicating their blood type is AB. The document then provides multiple choice and short answer questions to help understand blood typing and ABO incompatibility. It covers topics like agglutinogens and agglutinins, determining blood type in a lab, situations where blood typing is used, and minimizing disease risk in blood collection.
This document contains a works cited list with 8 references used for a project on anatomy and physiology. The references include a textbook, images from online sources like Visible Body and Google Images, and class materials like a muscle physiology packet.
The document summarizes several topics related to muscular physiology:
1) Rigor mortis is the stiffening of muscles that occurs after death due to a lack of ATP preventing muscle relaxation.
2) Four factors influence muscle contraction strength: number of cross bridges, fiber length, stimulation frequency, and recruitment.
3) The document then discusses several other muscle-related topics such as phases of muscle contraction, the staircase phenomenon, muscle fiber structure, and the roles of skeletal muscle.
The document summarizes several topics related to muscular physiology:
1) Rigor mortis is the stiffening of muscles that occurs after death due to a lack of ATP preventing muscle relaxation.
2) Four factors influence muscle contraction strength: number of cross bridges, fiber length, stimulation frequency, and recruitment.
3) The document then discusses several other muscle-related topics such as phases of muscle contraction, the staircase phenomenon, muscle fiber structure, and the roles of skeletal muscle.
This document summarizes key aspects of skeletal physiology:
- It describes the four types of bones and the typical structures of long bones, including the diaphysis, epiphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, and endosteum.
- It also discusses the major bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes), the Haversian system, bone matrix composition, and methods of measuring bone mineral density.
- Additional sections cover bone formation through intramembranous and endochondral ossification, fracture repair, cartilage types, bone growth, joint classification, and homeostasis functions of bones.
The document summarizes key bones and structures of the human skeletal system in 3 sentences or less per item. It describes the acetabulum and differences between male and female pelvic bones. It then outlines the bones that form the orbit and identifies the hyoid bone. Next it explains the differences between true, false, and floating ribs and their attachments. Finally, it identifies the three segments of the sternum - the manubrium, body and xiphoid process.
This document contains 5 articles that discuss various topics related to human sensory systems and vision. Article 1 defines and describes different types of sensory receptors in the body. Article 2 discusses the senses of smell, taste, and hearing. Article 3 further explains different categories of sensory receptors. Article 4 provides details about the visual process including refraction, accommodation, pupil constriction, convergence, and discusses near- and farsightedness. Article 5 is incomplete.
The document summarizes key concepts about anatomy and physiology. It discusses the layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord, as well as the cerebrospinal fluid. It also describes the basic functions and locations of the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. Additionally, it outlines the somatic motor and sensory pathways and briefly discusses dermatomes, myotomes, plexuses, and spinal nerves.
1. The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system, including its organization into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
2. It describes the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, known as action potentials, and how they are triggered by the opening and closing of ion channels in the neuron's membrane.
3. Synapses, the junctions between neurons, are explained as the sites of neurotransmitter release that allow signals to be transmitted from one neuron to the next.
This document provides 10 sources used as references for images in a presentation or document on anatomy and physiology. The sources include online image search engines, textbooks, and websites providing anatomical images and diagrams.
This 3-sentence summary provides the key information from the document:
The document discusses different types of sensory receptors in the human body, including exteroceptors, proprioceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, and nociceptors. It explains what stimuli each receptor type responds to, such as touch, temperature, light, and pain. The summary also mentions the retina contains rods and cones that contain photopigments like rhodopsin to detect light and allow for vision.
hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is
the outermost layer of neural tissue
The brainstem functions as a relay station connecting the spinal cord to of the cerebrum. It plays a key role in
the brain. It controls basic life functions like respiration, swallowing, and processing sensory information and
coughing. The cerebellum helps coordinate muscle movement and main- motor commands. The cerebral cortex
tains balance. The thalamus and hypothalamus are involved in sensory is involved in higher functions such as
processing, emotions, arousal, and homeostasis regulation. Somatic motor thought, reasoning, learning, attention,
pathways conduct impulses from the
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It discusses the layers of the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater) and cerebrospinal fluid. It describes the structure and location of the spinal cord. It then summarizes the functions of the autonomic nervous system and its divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems). Finally, it discusses the brainstem and its components (medulla, pons, midbrain) and their roles, as well as the cerebellum and its functions.
The document summarizes key aspects of anatomy and physiology in 3 pages.
[1] It describes the layers of the meninges - dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater - which cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. It also discusses the cerebrospinal fluid found in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
[2] The second page discusses the peripheral nervous system, including the autonomic nervous system which functions independently. The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems which work in opposition to prepare the body for activity or rest.
[3] The remaining pages were written by different
The document summarizes key information from an anatomy and physiology weekly newsletter, including:
1. It describes the organization of the nervous system into the central and peripheral nervous systems.
2. It provides two articles summarizing nerve impulses and the synapse.
3. It lists the main cell types in the nervous system that help send out impulses to move the human body.
4. It describes a student lab that measured the speed of voluntary kicks versus reflexes using an EKG sensor. The students were able to answer questions about their findings.
This document provides references for lessons on various topics related to anatomy and physiology. Lesson 1 discusses different types of tissues like muscle, nerve and elastic tissues. Lesson 2 focuses on cell structure, organelles and cellular respiration. Lesson 3 is about the stages of mitosis. Lesson 4 covers epithelial tissues and includes references on stratified columnar and cuboidal epithelia. The document contains various web links and journal references.
The document discusses various types of active transport that occur within cells, including exocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and facilitated diffusion. It provides the example of the sodium-potassium pump, which pumps potassium into the cell and sodium out. Readers are then challenged to a word search puzzle finding terms related to active transport.
The document provides instructions for a cell membrane experiment using candy items like Twizzlers, M&Ms, and toothpicks. The experiment is designed to model the components of the cell membrane, including receptor molecules, carbohydrate chains, protein channels and pumps. Students place candy items in a bundle of toothpicks to represent molecules passing through or not passing through the cell membrane. The experiment aims to demonstrate the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.
Here are the steps of body organization in order from simplest to most complex:
1. Chemical
2. Organelle
3. Cell
4. Tissue
5. Organ
6. Organ system
7. Organism
2. HORMONES, THE PERFECT STORM?
Page 2
Article Two
16-6
The target cell concept. A hormone acts only on cells
that have receptors specific to that hormone because
the shape of the receptor de-
termines which hormone can
react with it. This is an exam-
ple of the lock-and-key model
of biochemical reaction. (1)
4. NEWSLETTER TITLE
Page 4
Article Four—graphs
Hormone Source Target Principle Action
Growth hormone- Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis Stimulates secretion of
releasing hormone (somatotrophs) growth hormone
Growth hormone- Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis Inhibits secretion of
inhibiting hormone (GIH) (somatotrophs) growth hormone
ir somatostatin
Corticotropin-releasing Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis Stimulates release of
hormone (CRH) (corticotrophs) adrenocorticotropic hor-
mone (ACTH)
Thryotropin-releasing Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis Stimulates release of thy-
hormone (TRH) (thyrotrophs) roid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
Gonadotropin-releasing Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis Stimulates release of gon-
hormone (GNRH) (gonadotrophs) adotropins (FSH and LH)
Prolactin-releasing hor- Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis Stimulates secretion of
mone (PRH) (corticotrophs) prolactin
Prolaction-inhibiting hor- Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis Inhibits secretion of pro-
mone (PIH) (corticotrophs) lactin
Growth hormone (GH) Adenohypophysis General Promotes growth by stim-
(somatotropin [STH]) (somatotrophs) ulating protein anabolism
and fat mobilization
Prolactin (PRL) Adenohypophysis Mammary glands Promotes milk secretion
(lactogenic hormone) (lactotrophs) (alveolar secretory cells)
Thyroid-stimulating hor- Adenohypophysis Thyroid glands Stimulates development
mone (TSH)* (thyrotrophs) and secretion in the thy-
roid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hor- Adenohypophysis Adrenal cortex Promotes development
mone (ACTH)* (corticotrophs) and secretion in the ad-
renal cortex
Follicle-stimulating hor- Adenohypophysis Gonads (primary sex or- Female- promotes devel-
mone (FSH)* (gonadotrophs) gans) opments of ovarian folli-
cle; stimulates estrogen
secretion
Male- promotes develop-
ment of testis; stimulates
sperm production
Luteinizing hormone (LH) Adenohypophysis Gonads Female- triggers ovula-
* (gonadotrophs) tion; promotes develop-
ment of corpus luteum
Male- stimulates produc-
tion of testosterone
Antidiuretic hormone Neurohypophysis Kidney Promotes water retention
(ADH) by kidney tubules
Oxytocin (OT) Neurohypophysis Uterus and mammary Stimulates uterine con-
glands tractions; stimulates ejec-
tion of milk into mamma-
ry ducts
Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid gland (follicular General Increase rate of metabo-
cells) lism
Tetraiodothyronine (T4) Thyroid gland (follicular General Increase rate of metabo-
or thyroxine cells) lism (usually converted to
T3 first)
Calcitonin (CT) Thyroid gland Bone tissue Increases calcium stor-
(parafollicular cells) age in bone, lowering
blood calcium levels
5. VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1
Page 5
Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid glands Bone tissue and kidney Increases calcium remov-
(PTH) or parathormone al from storage in bone
and produces the active
form of vitamin D in the
kidneys, increasing ab-
sorption of calcium by
intestines and increasing
blood calcium levels
Aldosterone Adrenal cortex (zona glo- Kidney Stimulates kidney tubules
merulosa) to conserve sodium,
which, in turn, triggers
the release of ADH and
the resulting conserva-
tion of water by the kid-
ney
Cortisol (hydrocortisone) Adrenal cortex (zona fas- General Influences metabolism of
ciculata) food molecules; in large
amounts, it has an anti-
inflammatory effect
Adrenal androgens Adrenal cortex (zona re- Sex organs, other effec- Exact role uncertain, but
ticularis) tors may support sexual func-
tion
Adrenal estrogens Adrenal cortex (zona re- Sex organs Thought to be physiologi-
ticularis) cally insignificant
Epinephrine (adrenaline) Adrenal medulla Sympathetic effectors Enhances and prolongs
the effects of the sympa-
thetic division of the auto-
nomic nervous system
Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla Sympathetic effectors Enhances and prolongs
the effects of the sympa-
thetic division of the auto-
nomic nervous system
Glucagon Pancreatic islets (alpha a General Promotes movement of
cells or A cells) glucose from storage and
into the blood
Insulin Pancreatic islets (beta b Pancreatic cells and other Can have general effects
cells or B cells) effectors in the body, but primary
role seems to be regula-
tion of secretion of other
pancreatic hormones
Somatosatin Pancreatic islets (delta d Pancreatic cells and other Can have general effects
cells or D cells) effectors in the body, but primary
role seems to be regula-
tion of secretion of other
pancreatic hormones
Pancreatic polypeptide Pancreatic islets Intestinal cells and other Exact function uncertain,
(pancreatic polyperptide effectors but seems to influence
[PP] or F cells absorption in the diges-
tive tract