This document summarizes Leon Krier's theories of architecture and urbanism through analyzing a site in Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur. It discusses how the site fulfills several of Krier's factors for ideal urban planning, including having buildings between 2-5 stories to avoid overdevelopment, mixing public and private uses within walking distance, and ensuring building scales and proportions identify different functions. However, the site could be improved by reducing traffic issues through adding more housing to balance commercial uses, and encouraging carpooling. In conclusion, the analysis shows how Krier's theories emphasize sustainable building designs and limiting heights to promote healthy, efficient urban environments.
This presentation was given to the Vancouver City Planning Commission in March 2008, and discusses how buildings must adapt over time for different uses, and how this is a cornerstone of sustainability.
This presentation was given to the Vancouver City Planning Commission in March 2008, and discusses how buildings must adapt over time for different uses, and how this is a cornerstone of sustainability.
Ten examples of projects that
rethink standard building types
and construction techniques,
employ atypical public/private
partnerships—and push the
sustainability envelope.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
The idea of Energy Efficient design is
to modulate the conditions such that they
are always within or as close as possible to
comfort zone.Modulations introduced by the
landscape,built form,envelope,materials and
other control measures bring the conditions
within the range throughout twenty four hours
cycle.
This is goal of Energy Efficient Architecture
Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious environmental and economical problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. The close connection between energy use in buildings and environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a building and meet its demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable environmental resources
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an
Integrated Approach To Building Design.
The Articulation of the High-Rise Residential Building Envelope: A Review fro...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The high-rise residential building emerges as a solution to overcome the problem of the housing needs in big cities. Its presence should also be taken into consideration from the perspective of sustainability concepts. Taking into account the life cycle of a building in the context of buildings as a product of the current architectural system is a wise consideration and recommended as the environment quality keeps on declining. This study discusses the correlation between the articulations of the high-rise building envelope with the approach of the life cycle of buildings as part of sustainable design thinking. The assessment has been made through the approach of library research as a stepping stone to attain understanding. The benefit obtained from this study will support the creation of high-rise residential buildings which in terms of life cycle is supporting the environmental quality provided it is assessed from the building envelope aspect.
This report is to provide schematic drawings, building feasibility calculations and project implementation planning.
The report consists of description for the proposed project design with schematic drawings plans, sections, elevations and perspectives. The specifications of structures and finishes will be shown as an overall standard used for the proposed design.
The proposal will provide an estimation feasibility calculation of total construction cost (TCC) and gross development value (GDV) to have an overview of the profit of this proposed project.
Last part of the report will consist a list of task with timeline estimation as an overview of the entire project from beginning to completion.
Professional Architects are the one who engages in architectural field requiring high level of training and proficiency, conforming to the technical or ethical sands of architectural profession and worthy of public interest, trust and confidence. Professional Architects responsible as an adviser to client, acts on behalf of client and to protect client’s interest by project execution in accordance with local government acts.
This project is to examine and understanding of the importance of architecture codes and acts as guideline for architectural execution and as a tool to protect the rights of a Profession Architect. Subsequently, understanding on marketing strategies of the Professional Architect practice as the key element to promote and ensure sustainability of architectural consultancy practice.
A STRATEGY STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE RURAL GHOST TOWN REVITALIZATION VIA NEW ARCHI...Teo Kean Hui
Since the last decades, ghost town is town which is rich in history, used to be populated and economic viable. Ghost towns has been created due to abandonment of the local community who are no longer capable to sustain themselves. The depopulations of younger generations, aging, urban migration and decreasing in local businesses profitability contributed large amount in the creation of rural ghost town in Malaysia especially ex-mining town. Therefore, this research paper aim to investigate possible strategies of new architecture that able to contribute to rural ghost town Sungai Lambing revitalization and at the same time allowing community sustainability. To achieve the research aim, literature review on effort and attempt of revitalization to preserve, enhance and treat the historical sites and in the rural context to form a framework of study. Case study as research method to investigate on effort and strategies of ghost town revitalization that has been done internationally supported by interviewing both locals and visitors at Sungai Lembing as primary data will be conducted as quantitative research. A research conclusion could be formed with goal in contributing to designers, planners and academic researchers on approach to rural ghost town revitalization through new architecture. At the same time providing guide for the developers who are interested in this field and benefiting the local communities, visitors and local historical value.
A Strategy Study on Sustainable Rural Ghost Town Revitalization vis New Archi...Teo Kean Hui
Since the last decades, ghost town is town which is rich in history, used to be populated and economic viable. Ghost towns has been created due to abandonment of the local community who are no longer capable to sustain themselves. The depopulations of younger generations, aging, urban migration and decreasing in local businesses profitability contributed large amount in the creation of rural ghost town in Malaysia especially ex-mining town. Therefore, this research paper aim to investigate possible strategies of new architecture that able to contribute to rural ghost town Sungai Lambing revitalization and at the same time allowing community sustainability. To achieve the research aim, literature review on effort and attempt of revitalization to preserve, enhance and treat the historical sites and in the rural context to form a framework of study. Case study as research method to investigate on effort and strategies of ghost town revitalization that has been done internationally supported by interviewing both locals and visitors at Sungai Lembing as primary data will be conducted as quantitative research. A research conclusion could be formed with goal in contributing to designers, planners and academic researchers on approach to rural ghost town revitalization through new architecture. At the same time providing guide for the developers who are interested in this field and benefiting the local communities, visitors and local historical value.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM
[ARC2224]
PROJECT: THEORIZING ARCHITECTURE
PART 2: ANALYSIS DIAGRAM & ESSAY
Name : TEO KEAN HUI
Student ID : 0310165
Tutor : Pn. Nor Hayati
2. 2
Table of Content
Introduction
Introduction to Bangsar 3
Introduction to Architect 4
Factors
Economic and sustainability 5
Users and social 6
Scale and proportion 7
Conclusion 8
Reference 9
3. 3
Introduction
Introduction to Bangsar
Bangsar is a suburban area in Kuala Lumpur with mixing of both commercial
and residential address in Klang Valley. 4 kilometres southwest away from Kuala
Lumpur city centre and it’s about 10 minute drive from there. Bangsar is administered
by the local governing authority Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur. Long before,
Bangsar was a rubber estate, the name Bangsar was derives from Bunge, a Belgian,
and Grisar, a Frenchman. There are also different source the saying the name
Bangsar was actually the combination of the last names of Edouard Bunge and Alfred
Grisar, the Frenchmen who were members of London based Kuala Lumpur Rubber
Co. Ltd. The first area that developed to be the housing area is the Bangsar Park back
in year 1969. Followed by Bangsar Baru with houses and business community
developed by Eng Lian Enterprise in year 1974. 20 years later from then, high-end
properties and upscale restaurants invaded Bangsar and made Bangsar a happening
neighbourhood.
Area chosen to study is in micro level of Bangsar is a crossroad with SJK (T) Bangsar,
shop lots, and a bungalow at four sides. The reason choosing in micro level but not an
individual building to study its because the architect Leon Krier less emphasizing on
the design of one building but the overall urban planning and how to achieve the
perfect urban that it supposed to be.
4. 4
Leon Krier Architecture Theorist
Leon Krier, an architect, urban planner and urban theorist. He’s known as the
intellectual godfather of the New Urbanism. Leon Krier is most famous with his
development of Poundbury, an urban extension to Dorchester, UK and also extension
of Guatemala City in Cayala. He is one of the first and most prominent critics of
modernist architecture who promote New Classical Architecture. Besides, Leon Krier
also taught architecture and urbanism at the Royal College of Arts in London as well
as at Princeton, Yale and Notre Dame. His theory to achieve a perfect urban planning
is more emphasizing on the size and scale of public buildings and private buildings
where building that serve public will be bigger in size but of course follow the proportion
of building between two to five storeys. Besides on the scale and proportion, Leon
Krier also concern about the social issues to avoid poor and overdeveloped urban
planning which causing slums, pollution and traffic jams. Leon Krier also concern
about the sustainable issue where he strongly disagree with building fully operated
depending on huge amount of fossil fuel because he was thinking that huge amount
of fossil fuel not only cost a lot which affect the economic but also will cause pollution
to the environment. Scale and proportion also strongly emphasize by Leon Krier, for
him the size does matters because it can affect the people’s view to identify the
purpose of a building.
5. 5
Factors
Economic and sustainability
In Bangsar micro level of analysis, most of the buildings there such as the shops
and office buildings are high in energy consumption, mechanical ventilation such as
air conditioner are often used to cool down the building hence the electric bill costly as
the building survive based mostly on fossil fuel. Referring to Leon Krier’s theory, a
buildings that are unable to self-sustain and most depending on fossil fuel are strongly
disagree because they are not ecology, not sustainable and of course costly. For
example what if the building encounter insufficient electricity in future for long term,
the building will turn out to be unable to operate, unusable and then will lost its function
then get abandon by people eventually. Passive design such as utilizing stack
ventilation, cross ventilation, glazing, material choice with low embodied energy and
low carbon footprint will be most suitable to achieve sustainability. Although some of
the advance ecology material and building technology cost a lot when you use them
but they serve in long term that are able to save the operating cost and further costing
of the building in future. There aren’t ecologically defensible justification for the
erection of utilitarian skyscrapers; they are built for speculation, short-term gain or out
of pretentiousness. Pitched roof should widely introduce because they’re able to
absorb lesser heat with the smaller exposure area to the sun compared to the flat roof.
The school and bungalow are using pitched roof as passive design strategies as what
has been observed on site. Building with bigger volume and high ceiling which help to
absorb and release heat faster compared to the lower once. Material that absorb and
release heat fast should be use for construction so that the building won’t store heat
after day time, the material that transmit heat slowly will still remain hot after the sun
6. 6
goes down. By following and utilizing the factor above able to save cost and also
achieve sustainability and cause less harm to the environment.
Users and Social
Social issue are existed due to vertical sprawl and overdeveloped cities, many
architects and urban planner are ignoring this and less concern about this issue. Even
though the site doesn’t have the issue of overdevelopment but traffic jams issue still
often happened on site especially in the morning, noon and evening where work time,
school time come together. The cause of the traffic jams are mainly the parents or
driver pickup and drop-off their children who are students to SJK (T) Bangsar and of
course the business at shop over there. Pollution can happen because of large amount
of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide has been produced by many cars and
motorcycles when they’re waiting and passing around there actually affect those who
live nearby. Mention by Leon Krier that an efficient urban planning can minimize the
jams and pollution using strategies such as efficient zoning and circulation. The
chosen site has actually fulfil the theory by Leon Krier because the buildings are not
zoned base on the type of building but they actually in within that bring convenient to
the local resident. Besides that, public buildings and private buildings are to be within
walking distance less than 80 acres so that the use of public transport can be minimize
and walk to different destination generalize healthy lifestyle is more convenient. Even
though the site has fulfil the requirement of having the mix of public buildings and
private buildings, due to the site chosen consist of more public buildings than the
residential so that should be reasonable that the traffic jam still happen in that area.
To improve this situation, public building such as shops can be reduce and replace
7. 7
with residential. Besides having more residential building, carpool activity should be
practice to reduce the amount of vehicles moving around there which help to save cost
as well as reduce traffic jam.
Scale and proportion
In Leon Krier’s theory, he did mention about the preferably building height for
an ideal urban planning is best within two to five storeys. For example, even the Eiffel
Tower has only three floors. The Capitol in Washington, Nôtre-Dame de Paris, the
Forbidden City in Beijing and even the Seven Wonders of the World respected these
limits. The buildings at micro scale are actually fulfil the criteria of the theory with two
and four storeys shop lots, two storeys bungalow and a four storeys school. Neither
the public building nor the private building doesn’t stands out, their building proportion
are just right for the ideal urban planning but just that the school is bigger in scale
because it serve consider as public building because they own by government and
provide free educational services to the children. This site doesn’t deal with issue of
there aren’t any symbolism, iconic building which make it difficult to identify the location
of Town Centre when it looks just like a big warehouse like what had been said they
can easily identify the SJK (T) Bangsar as the school because it is bigger in scale
compared to the other building around it. Leon Krier also mention about different
design and scale of building serve different purpose but not same design in different
scale to different amount of people and its purpose like what modern design do. The
reason of all these is to avoid over population because building exceed 5 storeys can
accommodate more people and this might get involve with the social issue with crimes
happening, traffic jams and even slums.
8. 8
Conclusion
As a conclusion, throughout this study I’ve understand that in Leon Krier’s
theories on how an urban planning is supposed to be including the buildings
sustainability, building design, scale, proportion, users and its function. The buildings
sustainability talks about how a building to be operated and can it sustain by itself or
the costing of building and operating for a building. Besides, Leon Krier really picking
on the building heights and proportion “The universal limitation of building heights to
between two and five stories would both protect historic centers threatened with
overdevelopment and at the same time encourage the redevelopment of the suburbs.
Instead of inflating the cost of buildings in the center, such a limitation would contribute
to an increase in property values in those areas that remain arbitrarily undervalued."
(Leon Krier, 2015). All these thinking and theories making Leon Krier a leader of New
Urbanism movement to rescue the civic life, landscape and townscape. I personally
agree with what has been said by Leon Krier on how the building design, scale and
storeys because sky scrapers has been built massively throughout the world which is
not what Leon Krier would like to see but it’s better to have lesser sky scrapers as it is
part of the futuristic and technology thing or can be done by zoning them together and
far from public buildings a good example will be the Puterajaya. If Bangsar was built
referring to Leon Krier’s theory, Bangsar will be an area with less traffic jam and energy
saving urban area.
9. 9
Reference
Pensacola. (2015, March 20). Pensacola NewsJournal. Retrieved from
www.pnj.com/story/opinion/2015/03/20/viewpoint-leon-krier-will-discuss-theory-best-
cities/25101201/
Leon Krier's lesson in architecture | Emergent Urbanism. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://emergenturbanism.com/2009/12/29/leon-kriers-lesson-in-
architecturehttps://paperarch.wordpress.com/leon-krier-uncompromising-anti-
modernist/
Paper Arch. (2012, August 7). Léon Krier, Uncompromising Anti-Modernist | paper
architecture. Retrieved from https://paperarch.wordpress.com/leon-krier-
uncompromising-anti-modernist/
Premio Rafael Manzano. (2013, October 12). Leon Krier: The Architectural Tuning of
Settlements[Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCRqcFvdn8o
Krier, L., Thadani, D. A., & Hetzel, P. J. (2009). The architecture of community.
Washington, DC: Island Press.