The document discusses the role of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in industrial automation and their application in cleaning processes within the pharmaceutical industry. PLCs serve as microprocessor-based systems that enable flexible control of manufacturing processes with minimal programming knowledge required, ultimately enhancing product quality and plant hygiene. The use of PLCs in cleaning in place (CIP) systems significantly reduces human involvement, operational time, and labor costs.

1. PROGRAMMABLE
LOGIC CONTROLLER
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Presented by:
G.Sandhya,
617209507007,
I/II M.Pharmacy,
Pharmaceutical Organisation
and Production Management

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INTRODUCTION
Industrial automation incorporates programmable logic controllers in
the manufacturing process. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) use a processing
system which allows for variation of controls of inputs and outputs using simple
programming.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS-
•PLC is an electronic device which interface between input and output using software.
It is an example of real time system.
•It is microprocessor based industrial computer that perform discrete or sequential
logic. Plc is designed to replace relay logic system.
•It is a part of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA).

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•They are built so that only basic logic-based programming knowledge is needed and
to handle vibrations, high temperatures, humidity and noise.
•The greatest advantage PLCs offer is their flexibility. With the same basic
controllers, a PLC can operate a range of different control systems.
•Plc has input lines where sensors are connected to notify upon events (example-
Temperature above or below, liquid level, etc) and output lines to signal any reaction
to the incoming events (example-Start an engine, open/close a valve, etc.)
•The system is user programmable. It uses a language called Relay ladder .
A.U.COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

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INPUT
MODULE
OUTPUT
MODULE
PROCESSOR
POWER
SUPPLY
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC :
FROM
SENSORS
TO OUTPUT

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PLC must be –
•Easy to program.
•Not need rewiring the control system if
change the program.
•Smaller in size, cheaper and high
reliability.
•Simple construction and low maintenance.
•Cost competitive.
PLC control panel

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CLEANING IN PLACE IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY USING PLC
•Industries that require high level of hygiene rely on Cleaning in Process (CIP).
•CIP technique provides significant advantages to manufacturers as it provides cleaning
of equipments in run time at lower costs which improves product quality and plant
hygiene.
•In order to keep less human interaction in process here PLC is used. The increase of
cleaning efficiency in CIP systems plays a key role in enhanced production.
Operational parameters in CIP :
•Time.
•Temperature.
•Chemical concentration.
•Mechanical force.

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PLC
STATION
CIP
STATION
SCADA
SCREEN
PC
DESTINATION
EQUIPMENT
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CIP:

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Steps involved in cleaning an equipment:
1.Filling process.
2.Preparation process.
3.CIP process.
Advantages of CIP :
•Difficult to access areas can be cleaned.
•The cleaning system automated through PLC system
reduces labour requirements.
•Reduces operation time and work handling time
significantly.

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CONCLUSION :
The use of PLC Automation system reduces the need of
human monitoring in most of the processes of production. It is better
and more convenient than the conventional system used in the
Industry. This system gives accuracy and guarantee in cleaning
automation.

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