This document discusses the importance of professional ethics, particularly for engineering. It addresses three accounts of what constitutes a profession: sociological, social practice, and Socratic. Engineering can be considered a true profession under the Socratic account, as engineers have extensive training, serve the public good, and are obligated to protect health and safety. However, engineers' status is questionable under other accounts due to lack of complete control over their work and limited autonomy. The document also notes that ethics are crucial for professionalism to maintain public trust and prevent exploitation. Professional ethics provide standards to guide conduct beyond what is legally required.

1. Professional Ethics (Chapter one) Done by: Marzooq Juma Marzooq (S200104679) Musad Al Qadi (H00137554)

2. Overview Introduction Is Engineering a True Profession? Is Ethics are important in professionalism?

3. Why should I study Ethics? You’re not being asked to study ethics, but your profession ethics. professionalism Ethics Professionalism Ethics Is Engineering a True Profession? (logically) whenever we’re thinking about professionalism, we link it to high standards, technically & ethically. So, professional without standards is not professional & mostly ethical people are professional. So, professionalism & ethics comes together (integrated).

4. What is profession? A highly commitment action to certain life style. How to decide what is a profession? Author said “To gain deeper vision, we have to look at the account of the professionalism given by the sociologists & philosophers.” 1- Sociological analysis 2- Social practice 3- Socratic Fashion “ we have to profession Ethics” what is profession means? According to what criteria we can decide what is profession?

5. Sociological Account Difference between “occupation” & “profession”. Occupation : a way of make a living. Profession : Occupation has a professional status, profession is the more professional characteristics an occupation has. Characteristics of professionalism. Extensive training Vital knowledge & skills Control of services Autonomy in the workplace Claim to ethical regulation (mental character) - theoretical base gained through formal education (bachelor & above) being specialist & extremely important for the general welfare Only professionals who are graduated from professional schools & licensed are allowed to do & provide the service individual judgment & creativity to do they professional responsibilities Controlled by ethical standards

6. Social Practice account philosopher (Alasdair MacIntyre) said “ professions is a social practice ” Why it’s a social practice? Has one or more aims or good associated with it. Inconceivable without distinctive aim. Morally Justifiable aims. Moral standard for evaluating the behavior The aim of this practice is the society benefit, social practice must be morally permissible & aim at good morals. medicine aim  health of patient Law aim  justice medicine without producing health or law without producing justice Morally acceptable & correct medical doesn't promote health is morally wondered!!!

7. Socratic Account Philosopher Michael Davis rephrased Socrates definition of professionalism. Features of professionalism concept: Profession is always composed of number of individuals involves public element (must be profess his work) A way of earn a living voluntarily enters and voluntarily leaves Must serve morally creditable goal The creditable goal must be morally permissible Ethical standards force professional to act beyond if requires Team working together For the good of the welfare Making money Not forced or asked to profession, self selected Ex. The creditable goal of medicine is health of the patient

8. Is Engineering a true profession? Sociological Account Control of services ?! Autonomy in the workplace ?! Claim to ethical regulation ?! Social practice Account Questionable professional status  engineers who ignores the human health, safety and welfare still called engineer. engineering produce technology, technology can be used for moral or immoral purpose. Socratic Account Full professional status  engineering group activity using special (knowledge, skills & judgment). Engineers earn their living through their profession. They entered voluntarily. Engineering serves morally good end and for the benefit of mankind, So its morally permissible. They have obligation to protect the health and safety of the public through their production. Questionable professional status  Engineers have extensive training and process knowledge and skills that are vital to the public. No complete control over the engineering services. In US a license not required to practice many types of engineering and only licensed engineers are governed by the code of ethics. So claim the engineers to be regulated by ethical standards can be questioned. In large organization engineers authority limited by their managers, so no autonomy in the work place .

9. Are Ethics important in professionalism?

10. Models of Professionalism Business model : making profit within the law boundaries or selling their expertise for more profit & protecting them self from government regulation Professional model: focus on the trust of the public & they don’t take unfair advantage of the public Making profit within the law boundaries & selling their expertise for more profit. Manipulate the regulations in order to get more profit & protect themselves focus on the trust of the public & they don’t take unfair advantage of the public ( social contract). Seek considerable control in order to protect the public. Earn higher income & autonomy. professional Education provided by the public.

11. The Different of Professional Ethics from other types of Ethics or Morality Common Morality: is morals beliefs shared between everyone (like violation, murder, stealing,…etc) Personal Morality: is the person beliefs (like stealing from rich people) Professional morality: is set of ethical standards require to act as professionals adopted by professionals ( like civil engineering has it’s own standard ethics code)

12. Two face for Professional Ethics of engineering Positive Ex. The Seal-Beam headlight Negative Ex. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)

13. Conclusion Professional Ethics & Personal Ethics may become very conflict in Engineering Cases in engineering ethics Easily develop the abilities of ethical Recognize the ethical problems Can shows us that there are more than one solution

14. The End