This literature review examines obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and whether routines are the same as behaviors. OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive, inappropriate obsessive thoughts and compulsions performed repeatedly to reduce anxiety. The author notes they suffer from a condition like OCD called "CDO" where the letters are in alphabetical order. Around 5 million Americans have OCD, including 1-2% of children and adults. The review explores the difference between routines and behaviors for someone with OCD and how increased awareness of behaviors can make them seem annoying rather than a routine.

1. Professional ePortfolio
Dreem Penn
Psychology, Argosy University
2011
― I Suffer from CDO! ‖

2. PERSONAL STATEMENT
I am Dreem Penn. I am from Atlanta, Georgia. Interesting
enough I have a background in Civil Engineering and
Architecture. I have worked in the field of Education the past
10 years. I love to help people explore their thoughts. I have
a true passion for what I do seriously. I have been behind the
master minding 3 successful businesses from just enjoying
what I do on a daily basis. My love spreads across the border
into Psychology because of past experiences and being able
to problem solve. It’s indeed a blessing to be chosen to listen
to inner thoughts and deep feelings that some tend to say are
hard to verbalize. I have prayed and tapped into a gift that
has lead me to decide to get further training. I am on a
mission to be tangible to individuals seeking help. I want to
become a Therapist. I have a strong passion for people who
need outlets and the need for someone to take time to hear
what they have to say and to not judge but help.
Although that is my passion I am here to listen to all persons.
Because of situations and feelings that I can relate to, I feel
that this is my destiny. Architecture was my career but
Psychology will be my LIFE.

3. reSume

4. Reflection: strengths
My academic career here at Argosy has allowed me to step
deep into a dream deferred. I have found my passion and my
strengths. The strengths on teamwork, hard work and power
to endure till the end. The instructors have given me a
foundation worth building on. I have set the stride for a
continuous pace in my future. The strength of a passionate
life of being a vessel as the Greater Power in me does the
expected in helping heal the mind, the body and the spirit.

5. Reflection: weaknesses
“Weakness of Attitude becomes Weakness of
Character!” –Albert Einstein
My weaknesses through this journey were the
struggles of getting through everyday chores of
life. Some days were better than others to be a
student in Psychology. Other days were
questionable to the extent of evaluating myself
as my personal client. Life was not said to be
easy, but it is said to get easier as you go along.
At Argosy I must say that my weakness played on
my behavior OCD, in a way that if one of my days
threw me off schedule, then that meant that my
tasks for school were shifted, so I had to learn to
balance the adjustments of school work to what
would happen in my daily routine.

6. Table of contents
• Cognitive Abilities Critical
Thinking and Information
Literacy
• Research Skills
• Communication Skills Oral and
Written
• Ethics and Diversity Awareness
• Foundations of Psychology
• Applied Psychology
• Interpersonal Effectiveness

7. Critical thinking
COGNITIVE ABILITIES

8. Critical thinking
Consultative Report
For
California Department of Corrections
A teenage boy by the name of Kipland ―Kip‖ Kinkel fifteen at the time of the incidents is
under investigation. In September 1998, Kip Kinkel confessed to the killing of his parents
in their home on May 20, 1998 and the next day, walking into the Thurston High School
cafeteria and spraying students with 50 rounds from a semiautomatic rifle, killing two
RESEARCH SKILLS
students, Ben Walker, 16, and Mikael Nickolauson, 17, and wounding 25 others (The
Killer at Thurston, 2000). Kip was charged with four counts of aggravated murder and 26
counts of aggravated attempted murder for the 25 students he wounded, plus his later
assault on a police detective (The Killer at Thurston, 2000).
a) What specific types of competencies are important to this case, and why? What
aspects of this particular case will be important to the legal concept of competency?
There is a seriousness that lies in the hand of the defense. The question is Kipland Kinkel
able to communicate the details to the lawyers. Kipland Kinkel is need of a mental
evaluation with a clear notion that has been stated out of his mouth referring to his brain
not working correctly. Is there enough conversation for Kip to initiate the recall of the
story for the simple fact all he is saying is that he had no choice with tears in his eyes. He
would say that he loved his parents but he had to kill them, so is there enough sense to be
mad from comments that are being retrieved from his mouth in order for the defense team
to come to his rescue. Will there be a need for the defense to plead insanity to the people

9. Critical thinking
Controversies!
Patients who seek psychiatric help today for mood disorders stand a good chance of being
diagnosed with a disease that doesn’t exist and treated with a medication little more effective
than placebo.‖ Shorter added, ―American psychiatry is headed in . . . [a] direction [of] defining
ever-widening circles of the population as mentally ill with vague and undifferentiated diagnoses
and treating them with powerful drugs.‖ (― Psychiatric Disorders, 2010)
Experts gave the American Psychiatric Association, which publishes the [DSM] manual,
predictably mixed reviews. Some were relieved that the task force working on the manual—
RESEARCH SKILLS which includes neurologists and psychologists as well as psychiatrists—had revised the previous
version rather than trying to rewrite it.‖ (― Psychiatric Disorders, 2010)
There may be controversy over the best way to measure clinical psychopathology (ie, should we
rely on a categorical diagnostic system such as DSM-IV, use a dimensional approach like that
used in the UCLA Family Study of Schizophrenia–related personality disorders,3 or should we
employ a combination of the two?). However, there is no question that the evolution of
psychiatric diagnosis into the mainstream of medical diagnosis will require an integration of
clinical psychopathology with phenotypes based on molecular biology, genomic science,
cognitive neuroscience, brain imaging, and psychopharmacology outcome research(― Psychiatric
Disorders, 2010).
What is DSM?
Psychiatric Diagnoses are categorized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 4th. Edition. Better known as the DSM-IV, the manual is published by the American
Psychiatric Association and covers all mental health disorders for both children and adults. It

10. Critical thinking
EXTRA CREDIT: To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie 1
Human Sexuality
COMMUNICATION
To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie
Argosy University
SKILLS Dr. Michelle Ramsey, Professor
Dreem Penn

11. MODULE SEVEN: Stress and Law Enforcement 1
Critical thinking
Stress and Law Enforcement
COMMUNICATION
Forensic Psychology
Argosy University
SKILLS Dr. Rodney Berger
Dreem Penn

12. Play Time is for Everyone 1
Critical thinking
Duck, Duck, Duck, Duuuuuuuuck, Duuuuuuuuuuuuuuck, Goose! Growing up for a child
ETHICS AND DIVERSITY
is such a vital stage of development in character for a young person. This interaction of children
of both genders creates the understanding of the world and how to get along with others. It is
important for parents and guardians to invest into this movement to create satisfying
relationships and to help children to develop socially. This will create a structure of empathy,
expressions of feelings and cooperative play.
In my findings in observing older children in a social environment around peers, I see
that the groups are segregated not based on color but by gender. I begin to focus on the activities
of the young people to find out that the segregation was based on competition for the attention of
the opposite gender. The girls huddled together in loud parades of chants and loud girl talk
involving hand gestures to be seen by the boys and the boys huddled together in competitive
sports to gain the attention of the females. With these two groups being on opposite sides of the
park, the games that each group was involved in was active and was directed to gain attention.
My question is: ―Why the two groups didn’t get closer to interact?‖ The games the children
were playing are definitely targeted to gender roles which defined another way that segregation
plays a part in just basic activities. But in my observation on the playground, the younger
children interacted as though they saw no gender. They played together as if no one other group
existed.
Because there was segregation in a park full of older children, the games the young men
involved themselves in were games of catch and flips. It was obvious that the male gender had
games that defined clear winners and losers. Whereas the young females activities we less

13. Module 7: Race Relations Are Here Again! 1
Critical thinking
ETHICS AND DIVERSITY
Race Relations Are Here Again!
Sociological Perspective Class, Ethnicity and Gender
Argosy University
Dr. Aloma Mendoza
Dreem Penn

14. Critical thinking
AUTISM: THE FOCAL POINT 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
Autism: The Focal Point
Physiological Psychology
Argosy University
Professor Powers
Dreem Penn

15. Critical thinking
MODULE FIVE: Isaacs Parkinson Case 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
Isaacs Parkinson’s Case
Physiology of Behavior
Argosy University
Yurandol Powers
Dreem Penn

16. Critical thinking
Here Goes the Villain: A Revelation of Iago 1
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Here Goes the Villian: A Revelation of Iago
Literary Experience
Argossy University
Dr. Kimberley Dobson
Dreem Penn

17. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Critical thinking
Confession
of
True Boundaries

18. Critical thinking MEMORANDUM
TO: Department of Justice
FROM: Dreem Penn, Forensic & Psychology Consultant
DATE: 17 October 2010
SUBJECT: A Program to reduce the incidence of staff members abusing inmates
In the Stanford Prison Experiment, it is definitely a revelation to the cognitive patterns that
conformed to environments of imprisonment. Individuals with good intentions and no desire of
becoming a monster to a poster child of evil that set the mood of the prison over powered the
change in environment. Does humanity win over evil or does evil triumph (Zimbardo, 2009)?
ASPECTS THAT DEFINE A PRISON ENVIRONMENT
The mindset of someone who knows that they will one day be caught in the judicial system is
one thing, but to get caught in something as an surprise is one thing. In example for someone
INTERPERSONAL
who involves himself or herself in ―armed robbery‖, they know one day that it will end and
eventually they will face the prison doors, but for someone who goes for being at the wrong
place at the wrong time. Their mind it not focused on jail. They do not have a mindset of having
to serve time. So what does that do for the prison environment? It puts a strain on the ones there
EFFECTIVENESS
and the ones that do not what to be there. This sets the key aspects of the prison to be cognitive.
It is what everyone thinks when they come into the doors.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS LEADING PRSION STAFF TO ABUSE INMATES
-Prejudice (Staff already formulating thoughts to each individual that they are supervising)
-Hierarchy (Staff have a normal civilian life and come to work with authority to dictate another
humans life)
PRISON OFFICIALS REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF PRISON VIOLENCE
Implement more programs (reduces stress levels, haves inmates looking forward to another day)
I.E. Sending them to County Camps, this will elevate the caged in feeling that increases the
stress of anger that turns into violence towards the staff and other inmates.
Treat them like Humans (personal aspects no one would want their loved one treated like a
caged animal. We are giving more love to domesticated animals that make mistakes in their

19. Critical thinking
MODULE 2: Genesis The Creation!
In a time where there was no existence. The author Moses declared that God made the
Heavens and Earth out of nothing. Genesis 1:1 states, “In the beginning God created (made) the
Heaven and the Earth.‖ The development was all in Gods Architectural blueprint of the Earth
and the fullness thereof. Moses, the liberator who divided the seat o deliver the 10
commandments, who also is a figure of faith in Christianity and a Prophet in Islam, declared two
different scenarios in the first nine chapters of Genesis, the strengths and weakness of Adam,
Eve and Noah.
The Bible states, “So, God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he
INTERPERSONAL
him; male and female created he them,” (Gen. 1:27 New International Version). This was the
birth announcement of Adam and Eve to whom God had given commandments to be fruitful,
multiply and replenish the earth and have dominion over the Earth he created. Not only were
EFFECTIVENESS
they created but out of creation there was matrimony, a strength in Gods eye, so that no sin or
shame came out of what was Holy, until the serpent appeared to change Gods plan. Moses
displays the weakness of Eve through the eyes of the serpent and the fruit bearing tree, which
became the birth of sin, going against the will of God. However, both Adam and Eve display
weakness through their lack of trust and temptation in going against Gods commandments with
eating the fruit. Next is the irresponsibility of taking ownership of their own individual actions,
for example in the scripture, Adam says in Genesis 3:12, ―…The woman whom thou gavest to be
with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat, then Eve explains in verse 13, “…the serpent
beguiled me and I did eat.” So, even in the chastising of God, they had forgotten they were
adults and didn’t even own up to their own sins. Was it because the fruits had not digested
enough for them to have ―holy boldness‖ or not grown enough to know that they could have just
told God the real truth if there was a real answer?

20. REVIEW PAPER
I Suffer from CD O !
( Its like OCD but the letters are
in alphabetical order as they
should be ! )
Are my actions routines vs.
behavior?

21. REVIEW PAPER
Abstract
How aware are people of the condition OCD? How are we viewing the
psychological behavior? Is it routine versus behavior? Is routine and
behavior the same thing said differently?
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder also known as OCD is primarily an
anxiety and can be continuing obsessions clouding your mind to do and
it also includes doing things over and over that are known as
compulsions.
I have chosen this topic for literature review because of the behavioral
patterns that the brain has conditioned individuals to repeat that causes
anxiety if not performed. The person encamping OCD is mainly not
aware of the behavior until it is pointed out and then at that point of
recognition, the person with OCD starts to see and pay closer attention
to their behavior. In that discovery, it may become annoying and time
consuming due to the nature of awareness versus the previous behavior
only being a mere routine.

22. REVIEW PAPER
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? OCD is an
anxiety disorder according to the DSM-IV-TR (the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition,
Text Revision (2000), which is the book that lists and classifies
all mental disorders. Anxiety disorders make their sufferers feel
disproportionately anxious or fearful, and the main anxiety
triggers people with OCD are obsessive thoughts, images or
impulses that are intrusive, inappropriate and greatly
distressing. In being a host of this disorder, I have found out
over time that it builds on ideas that others do not find
important or worth dwelling on a day-to-day basis. In the
endeavor to change, I find it hard but amusing to regulate
thoughts that have become part of my lifestyle which protect me
in mind, body, and spirit.

23. REVIEW PAPER
The Obsessive Compulsive Foundation website
(OCFOUNDATION.ORG) states that 1 to 40 adults and 1 in 200
children have OCD, which adds up to about 5 million people with
OCD in the United States. In addition, the DSM-IV-TR (2000)
states that the lifetime prevalence (the number of people in the
Unites States who have a disorder sometime over the course of
their life) of OCD is 2.5 percent (McGrath, 2007).

24. REVIEW PAPER
In working hands on with individuals every day, I
have made it a point to address certain actions like
carrying hand sanitizer in my lab coat, and when I’m
finished working in someone else’s area I sanitize
myself each time. This is not to be rude but the
obsession of what a person was doing with their
hands before I arrived is perplexing and drives me to
not touch or if that is not possible, to just be ready to
“clean up”. My disorder does not make me better
than another because I am cautious or repetitive, it
is just an ease on my mind that I have followed
through on my thoughts with actions.

25. REVIEW PAPER
The person like me is not aware of the behavior until it is
pointed out and then the person with OCD starts to see and
pay more attention to their behavior. A personal example
would be the positioning of objects sitting around me or items
I am interacting with. For instance, on my desk containers are
aligned from tallest to shortest, my pens by colors, the
computer and keyboard are at the same angle and everything
has its own personal space. Now did I notice that from the
beginning? Of course, not until a coworker noticed something
new and I had placed it within the sequence already displayed.
For the individual it may have seemed weird and that I just
placed it in an area that was free, but in my mind it was
grouping by association. In the question of research for me, is
OCD routine versus behavior or the same thing said
differently? In my case, everything is a routine until someone
notices to assume it is a behavior. Therefore, to answer my
own question it’s the same thing. For clarity, the way someone
acts is his or her personal routine of behavior.

26. REVIEW PAPER
I am CDO! That is the way it should be
organized in alphabetical order. With
studies of literature, there is not a proven
research study that says that OCD trickled
into my adulthood because scientists
have made it clear that all children have
rituals. Those rituals can also be defined,
as I would personally point out, which
shoe goes on first, do I brush before or
after I am dressed or things that you find
yourself doing in a strategic order to
make the mornings or nights smoother. I
would say that everyone has forms of
OCD, but they may not be as noticeable
because the actions have been adopted
as a regular duty every everyday life. You
too are OCD but in my brain chart, you
are OCD and have a lifetime membership
in CDO.

27. mY FUTURE IN LEARNING
The future for life long learning is one that will
encamp my behaviors as research. I believe we
are all test and trials in the mirror of others. My
future holds the keys to research as I join the
many who strive to make a change in the people
around us. Learning is an on going policy of life
because things are constantly changing, so why
not assist in the transition of life with the years of
education that transformed my thoughts.

28. CONTACT ME
Thank you for viewing my ePortfolio.
For further information, please contact
me at the e-mail address below.
inkpenn@stu.argosy.edu