This document provides information on the production technology of Chiku/Sapota. It discusses the botany, importance, climate and soil requirements, species and cultivars, propagation, planting, training, harvesting, pests and diseases of Sapota. Key points include that Sapota is native to tropical America, has long pre-bearing age, and its edible portion is the mesocarp. Commercial yields can be obtained from 7th year onwards, with an average yield of 15-20 ton/ha. Pests include leaf webber and hairy caterpillars, while diseases include leaf spot and base rot.

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2. Production technology of Chiku/Sapota
Submitted by
Muhammad Raziq
( 15-arid-5095 )
Submitted to:
Dr Khalid
Mahmood
Department of Horticulture
PMAS-Arid Agriculture university
Rawalpindi
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3. Introduction
Kingdom Plantae
Order Ebenales
Family Sapotaceae
Genus Manilkara Adans
Species Manilkara zapota (L.)
 Sapota is native of Topical America and is
believed to have originated in South Mexico or
Central America.
 Cultivated in West Indies, Philippines,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri-lanka and India.
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4. Botany
 It has long pre bearing age.
 Flowers are protogyny in nature.
 Fruit are borne in the axils of the
leaves of current season growth.
 Edible portion- Mesocarp.
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5. Importance and Uses
Good source of
sugars, protein,
fat, fiber and
minerals
Fruit can be
used in Milk
shakes and
sweets
Prevents
cancer, helps
digestion and
improves
immunity
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6. Climate and Soil
 Annual rainfalls 125-250cm are best.
 Temperature range is 11C to 34 degree C.
 Sapota can be grown in a wide variety of
soils.
 Deep Sandy loams or medium black soils
are best.
 Calcareous soils (pH 6-8) give good crops
of Sapota.
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7. Species and types of Cultivar
 1. Kalipatti : Has spreading
branches, oval shaped fruits, fruits
appear singly- superior.
 2. Baramasi : Fruits are medium and
round medium quality.
 3. Chhatri : Similar to Kalipatti with
dropping branches in whorls.
 4. Cricket Ball
 5. DHS-1
 6. DHS-2
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8. Different types of Fruits
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Black Sapote Red Sapote
Green Sapote Mammey Sapote

9. Irrigation
 Irrigation is provided at an intervals
of 30 days in winter and 15 days in
summer
 Regular irrigations should be given
from planting till the plant
establishes well.
 Insufficient irrigations result in
dropping of flowers.
 Drip irrigation can be more useful.
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10. Fertilizer
 Farmyard manure:
50 kg per tree per year
 Nitrogen: (N)
1 kg per tree per yea
 Phosphors oxide: (P2O5)
0.5 kg per tree per year
 Potassium oxide: (K2O)
0.5 kg per tree per year
The dose is regulated on the basis of age of the tree
and status of nutrients in soil especially of P and K
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11. Propagation Methods
 Sapota is commercially propagated by
vegetative techniques like
 Air layering
 Grafting
 Budding
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12. Planting
Planting system- square system.
High density planting with 5mx5m
spacing improves yield.
Best season is monsoon season.
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13. Training and Pruning
 Training : No definite training system has been
developed for the plant. Plants raised through
inarching require training for appropriate shape and
framework development. Most of the trees are
trained in central leader system.
 Pruning: Pruning is done to expose the trees to
sunlight and to remove the dead and diseased
branches. It is mainly done to regulate the
vegetative growth in order to improve the
productivity and quality of fruits.
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14. Harvesting and Yield
 Sapota may start bearing 2nd or 3rdyear but
commercial yield can be obtained from 7th
year onwards.
 Sapota takes about 7-10 moths from fruit set
to maturity depending upon the cultivar
season and locality.
 The average yield is 15-20 ton/ha
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15. After Harvesting
 Grading: Grading is mainly based on size and shape
of fruits. The fruits are graded in three categories large,
medium and small.
 Storage: The fruit are highly perishable and can be
stored under ordinary condition for period of 7 to 8
days after harvesting.
 At the storage temperature of 20 C, the storage life can
be increased for 21 to 25 days by removing ethylene
and adding 5 to 10 percent CO2 storage atmosphere.
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16. After Harvesting
 Packing: Fruits are packed in card board
boxes of 10 kg capacity with rice straw as
padding and ethylene absorbents.
 Transportation: Road transport by
trucks/lorries is the most popular mode of
transport due to easy approach from orchards
to the market.
 Marketing: Several intermediaries like
wholesalers and commission agents are
involved in marketing of the fruit. The
farmer realizes around 35% of the wholesale
price in the secondary market.
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17. Pests and diseases
 Pests:
1.Leaf Webber
2.Hairy caterpillars
3. Bud worm
Control Measure:
Spraying with phosalone 35 EC
(2 ml./l.), chloropyriphos 20 EC
or endosulfan 35 EC have been
found to be effective in
controlling the pests.
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18. Pests and diseases
 Diseases:
1.Leaf spot (Phleopheospora indica)
2.Base rot (Ceratocystis paradoxa)
3.Heart rot (Phytophthora parasitica)
 Control Measure:
Application of Dithane M-45, copper
oxychloride (3 g./l.) have been found to be
effective.
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