The document discusses designing products/services and processes. It states that products/services should be designed to be created effectively and processes should be designed to create all products/services. It also notes that the design of products/services impacts the process to produce them and vice versa.

1. Designing the
Product/Service
Products and Services
should be designed
so that they can be
created effectively
Designing the Processes
that produce
the Product/Service
Processes should be designed
so that they can create
all products and services
decided
Decisions taken during the design of Product/Service impacts
the Process that will produce the Product/Service and vice-versa

2. V
A
R
I
E
T
Y
VOLUME
Project
Job Shop
Batch
AssemblyLine
Continous

3. V
A
R
I
E
T
Y
VOLUME
Project
Job Shop
Batch
Assembly
Line
Continous
Fixed-
Position
Process
Group
Technology
Cellular
Product

4. Layout Types
(a) Layout of a job shop
Foundry
Milling
machines
LathesGrinding
Painting Drills
Office
Welding
Forging
(b) Layout of a
production lineStation 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

5. Flow through a Process Layout
Drilling
D D
D D
Grinding
G G
G G
G G
Milling
M M
M M
M M
Assembly
A A
A A
Lathing
Receiving and
shipping
L
L L
L L
L L
L
(a) Jumbled flows in a job shop without GT cells

6. Flow through Group Technology Layout
(b) Line flows in a job shop with three GT cells
Cell 3
L M G G
Cell 1 Cell 2
Assembly
area
A A
L M DL
L M
Shipping
D
Receiving
G