The document discusses product development processes. It states that product development consists of structured activities that are repeated to develop new products. The main stages of new product development are concept generation, design, development, and production. It also discusses understanding customer needs, generating product concepts, designing specifications, prototyping, testing, and commercial production. Additional concepts discussed include standardization, manufacturability, concurrent engineering, and computer-aided design in product development.

1. Unit 1:chapter 2

2. 
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It is broad set of tools, techniques and
concepts that provide a firm with a capacity
to provide distinctiveness in the offerings by
rolling out new products and services faster
and at lower choices.
An organization armed with a good product
development process will be in a better
position to bring new products and services
to the market ahead of the competition.
E.g.- Amazon,dell

3. Product development process consists of a
structured and orderly set of activities, these
activities repeat at periodic intervals when the
firms feels the need for bring new product.
Therefore these activities could be considered
to be going through an endless cycle.
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NPD consists of 4 stages:1. Concept Generation
2. Design
3. Development
4. Production

5. 
New products are the outcome of the need to
close the gap that exists in the market with
respect to the customer’s needs.

6. 
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Therefore, understanding customer needs,
how exactly the existing portfolio of products
and services fulfill this and the areas that
need greater application and attention are
critical.
Once there is some clarity on this aspect, the
next step is to translate the need into
products and services.
Several alternative methods of fulfilling those
needs are identified and then the feasibility of
these methods are studied. Feasibility include
several dimensions like technological
feasibility, marketing feasibility, cost
feasibility etc.

7. 
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The next step in the process is to put more
details into the concept.
During design stage detailed specifications
are 1st drawn about the product.
Specifications like physical attributes (such as
shapes, sizes, material and so on) costs,
manufacturing process etc are studied before
the decision to go ahead can be taken.

8. 
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The 3rd stage of the product development
process is the physical development of the
product. During this stage, the details arrived
at on the drawing board are translated into
reality.
Usually prototype is built for extensive
testing and functioning of design
specifications. Design changes are made on
the basis of findings from multiple controlled
experiments and product usage.

9. 
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The last stage of the product development
process pertains to the transfer of know-how
to the production personnel and establishing
the system for volume production.
Final design and manufacturing specification
are studied before production starts.
Typically during the development phrase, a
few pieces of the product are manufactured
for the purpose of testing.

10. Product design is the process of creating a new
product to be sold by a business to its
customers.
Concepts in product design is affected by
R&D
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Reverse engineering
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Manufacturability

Standardization
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Robust design
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Concurrent engineering
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Computer –aided design

Life cycle of a product

11. 
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Done by R&D department with the help of
other department. Some orng. Has a R&D
department denoted for this purpose.
Development is the process of converting the
results of applied research into useful
commercial applications.

12. 
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It is the process of carefully dismantling an
existing product ( mainly of a competitor)
step by step in order to understand the
unique underlying concepts.
It helps in designing those products, which
are better than those of the competitors.

13. 
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It implies designing a product in such a way
that its manufacturability assembly can be
done easily.
While designing a new product, the
manufacturing capacities (such as existing
machines, equipment, skills of workers etc) of
the organization have to be kept in mind.

14. Standardization refers to less variety in the
design of products i.e., new products are
designed such that there is no major
variations from the existing products.
e.g. keyboard of computer or typewriter.

Modular design is another type of
standardization which means designing a
product in parts or modules. The modules are
sub assemblies of different components and
parts.

15. 
Designing a product that is operational in
varying environment conditions.
Computer aided Design(CAD)
It is software which helps the designer to make
the 3 D design of a product on the computer
and visualize the design from various angles.

16. 
It is a project design approach in which the
design team includes personnel from the
marketing includes personnel from the
marketing department, engineering
department, production department, material
department and finance department in
addition to design department.

17. 
The product life cycle has 5 stages spread
throughout the life of the product . The
duration of the life of a product depends
upon the type of the product.

18. 
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Automation means replacing human labor
with machines. The machines can be
computer, robots etc which take care of
respective tasks.
The extent of automation can range from
partial to full (in which no human is required
at all).

19. Advantages
Disadvantages
State of art fully automated plants
increase the market value of the
firm/improve client base in
international markets.
Usually more costly than the
human work forces.
Machine take exactly same time in
repetitive tasks.
Less flexible than the human; even
small change in the process are
expensive.
Behavioral problems in humans
such as boredom, frustration,
fatigue etc can be avoided by
using machines.
Leads to unemployment/
retrenchment of the labor force.
Industrial Relations problems such
as strikes, lock outs etc can be
avoided.
More reliable and consistent
performance than humans.
Loss of creativity on the part of
workers due to inflexibility in
outcome.

20. 
Chapter 3
Plant Location or facility location planning