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PROCRASTINATION

By Hilary Finch
PROF. tim pychyl
dr. timothy pychyl is an associate professor in the
department of psychology at carleton university. his
research focuses on procrastination.
he has numerous publications, a website, a blog, podcasts,
and comic strips
For more information about his research, visit www.procrastination.ca
… ENOUGH TO BREAK THE ICE!
pROCRASTINATION: THE MUSICAL
what is procrastination?
derived from the latin verb: procrastinare

pro – forward motion
crastinus – belonging to tomorrow
to “put off or postpone until another day”
Tomorrow	
  (noun)
a mystical land where 98% of all human productivity,
motivation, and achievement is stored.
- Unknown
procrastination is
the art of keeping up
with yesterday
Don Marquis
procrastination is
the thief of time
Edward Young
never put off till
tomorrow what you can
do the day after
tomorrow just as well
Mark Twain
who procrastinates?
everyone procrastinates
BUT
not everyone is a procrastinator
why do people procrastinate?
• perfectionism
• feeling inadequate
• undeveloped study skills
• aversion to discomfort
• resentment

• being overextended
• lifestyle issues
• fear of success/failure
• overwhelming negative
emotional states
procrastination involves a voluntary, irrational, delay
despite the expectation of a potential negative outcome
(Mohsen Haghbin)
psychologists define procrastination as..
the gap between intention and action
this is an example of self-regulation failure
a.k.a.
short-term mood repair
“Giving in to Feel Good”
Personality (me)

nature of our goals and
intentions (the task)

self-regulation
failure
cognitions and beliefs
(the way I think)

self-control and willpower
(lack of willpower)
personality
“i just don’t
want to do it”

Impulsivity

(Resistance)

“i don’t know where
to start”

Conscientiousness
“it will never be
good enough”

(Fear of Failure)

Perfectionism
flavours of procrastination

arousal avoiders decisional
types of procrastinators
“it’s not fun”

THE TASK

“it’s too hard”

task aversiveness=
dreading the displeasure of doing the task
1. 

lack of meaning à lack of enjoyment, fun,
pleasure, passion, self-identity

2. 

lack of structure à lack of autonomy, control,
initiation, uncertainty
PERSONAL
PROJECTS
ANALYSIS
lack of willpower
willpower is like a muscle..
the more we exercise it, the
stronger it gets!
it is also a limited resource!
the way i think
1.  irrational beliefs
a.  “i’m not smart enough to do this”
b.  “studying won’t help”
2. self-deception
a.  “i’ll feel more like doing it tomorrow”
b.  “there’s plenty of time, it can wait until later”
effects OF PROCRASTINATION
Procrastination is more than the cost of a few
“all nighters” in the dorms of universities

a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 

performance
emotional and mental well-being
physical health
relationships
so if procrastination occurs
because of the way we think…
to beat it, we need to THINK
about how we THINK.

“metacognition”
recognizing procrastination
1. 

admit that you WILL procrastinate! (it’s
inevitable)

2. identify the cost of procrastinating or the
benefits of completing the task on time
3. forgive yourself!
3 steps to avoiding procrastination
1. plan and set goals
Plan
Plan
Plan
Plan
Plan
Plan

goals
time
resources
the process
for distractions
for failure
intention to action
implementation intentions:
“when X occurs, i will do Y, resulting in Z”
X= social cue
Y= the task
Z= result
2. create obstacles
“if you find a path with no obstacles,
it probably doesn’t lead anywhere”
- Frank a. Clark
2. create obstacles
-  multi-tasking is a myth!
-  choose a designated workspace that you feel motivated in
-  bring only the tools you need for the task
-  use internet blocking apps such as anti-social
-  leave post-it note reminders on your most common forms
of procrastination
Once concentration has been broken, it takes at least
15 minutes to get back into the “work” state of mind
minutes turn into hours
accountability chart
realistically evaluate your work by
tracking your progress, hour by hour
record your procrastination
3. just get started!
how do you eat an elephant?
. . one bite at a time!
3. just get started!
divide the task into bite-sized chunks
intro

conclusion

research

discussion

divide the task into 5, 15, or 30 minute portions
Pomodoro technique
•  choose a task to work on
•  set a timer for 25 minutes
•  work on the task until the timer goes off
•  take a 5 minute break
•  reset the timer and repeat
after 2 hours, give yourself a longer break
in conclusion…
resources
•  pychyl, t.a., and flett, g.l. (2012). procrastination and self-regulatory failure: An
introduction to the special issue. j
ournal of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy. DOI: 10.1007/
s10942-012-0149-5
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

http://www.brianrlittle.com/topics/research/personal-projects-analysis/
http://www.counselling.cam.ac.uk/selfhelp/leaflets/procrastination
http://www.mentalhealth.ualberta.ca/en/~/media/mentalhealth/docs/hintsprocrastination2012.pdf
www.procrastination.ca
http://http-server.carleton.ca/~tpychyl/PYCHYL%20procrastination%20presentation
%20march%2019%202012.pdf
•  http://www.watchwellcast.com/

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Procrastination Powerpoint

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. PROF. tim pychyl dr. timothy pychyl is an associate professor in the department of psychology at carleton university. his research focuses on procrastination. he has numerous publications, a website, a blog, podcasts, and comic strips For more information about his research, visit www.procrastination.ca
  • 5. … ENOUGH TO BREAK THE ICE!
  • 7. what is procrastination? derived from the latin verb: procrastinare pro – forward motion crastinus – belonging to tomorrow to “put off or postpone until another day”
  • 8. Tomorrow  (noun) a mystical land where 98% of all human productivity, motivation, and achievement is stored. - Unknown
  • 9. procrastination is the art of keeping up with yesterday Don Marquis
  • 10. procrastination is the thief of time Edward Young
  • 11. never put off till tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow just as well Mark Twain
  • 13.
  • 14. why do people procrastinate? • perfectionism • feeling inadequate • undeveloped study skills • aversion to discomfort • resentment • being overextended • lifestyle issues • fear of success/failure • overwhelming negative emotional states
  • 15. procrastination involves a voluntary, irrational, delay despite the expectation of a potential negative outcome (Mohsen Haghbin)
  • 16. psychologists define procrastination as.. the gap between intention and action
  • 17. this is an example of self-regulation failure a.k.a. short-term mood repair “Giving in to Feel Good”
  • 18. Personality (me) nature of our goals and intentions (the task) self-regulation failure cognitions and beliefs (the way I think) self-control and willpower (lack of willpower)
  • 19. personality “i just don’t want to do it” Impulsivity (Resistance) “i don’t know where to start” Conscientiousness “it will never be good enough” (Fear of Failure) Perfectionism
  • 20. flavours of procrastination arousal avoiders decisional
  • 22.
  • 23. “it’s not fun” THE TASK “it’s too hard” task aversiveness= dreading the displeasure of doing the task 1.  lack of meaning à lack of enjoyment, fun, pleasure, passion, self-identity 2.  lack of structure à lack of autonomy, control, initiation, uncertainty
  • 25. lack of willpower willpower is like a muscle.. the more we exercise it, the stronger it gets! it is also a limited resource!
  • 26. the way i think 1.  irrational beliefs a.  “i’m not smart enough to do this” b.  “studying won’t help” 2. self-deception a.  “i’ll feel more like doing it tomorrow” b.  “there’s plenty of time, it can wait until later”
  • 27. effects OF PROCRASTINATION Procrastination is more than the cost of a few “all nighters” in the dorms of universities a.  b.  c.  d.  performance emotional and mental well-being physical health relationships
  • 28. so if procrastination occurs because of the way we think… to beat it, we need to THINK about how we THINK. “metacognition”
  • 29. recognizing procrastination 1.  admit that you WILL procrastinate! (it’s inevitable) 2. identify the cost of procrastinating or the benefits of completing the task on time 3. forgive yourself!
  • 30. 3 steps to avoiding procrastination
  • 31. 1. plan and set goals Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan goals time resources the process for distractions for failure
  • 32.
  • 33. intention to action implementation intentions: “when X occurs, i will do Y, resulting in Z” X= social cue Y= the task Z= result
  • 34. 2. create obstacles “if you find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn’t lead anywhere” - Frank a. Clark
  • 35. 2. create obstacles -  multi-tasking is a myth! -  choose a designated workspace that you feel motivated in -  bring only the tools you need for the task -  use internet blocking apps such as anti-social -  leave post-it note reminders on your most common forms of procrastination
  • 36. Once concentration has been broken, it takes at least 15 minutes to get back into the “work” state of mind
  • 39. realistically evaluate your work by tracking your progress, hour by hour
  • 41. 3. just get started! how do you eat an elephant?
  • 42. . . one bite at a time!
  • 43. 3. just get started! divide the task into bite-sized chunks intro conclusion research discussion divide the task into 5, 15, or 30 minute portions
  • 44.
  • 45. Pomodoro technique •  choose a task to work on •  set a timer for 25 minutes •  work on the task until the timer goes off •  take a 5 minute break •  reset the timer and repeat after 2 hours, give yourself a longer break
  • 46.
  • 48. resources •  pychyl, t.a., and flett, g.l. (2012). procrastination and self-regulatory failure: An introduction to the special issue. j ournal of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy. DOI: 10.1007/ s10942-012-0149-5 •  •  •  •  •  http://www.brianrlittle.com/topics/research/personal-projects-analysis/ http://www.counselling.cam.ac.uk/selfhelp/leaflets/procrastination http://www.mentalhealth.ualberta.ca/en/~/media/mentalhealth/docs/hintsprocrastination2012.pdf www.procrastination.ca http://http-server.carleton.ca/~tpychyl/PYCHYL%20procrastination%20presentation %20march%2019%202012.pdf •  http://www.watchwellcast.com/