Problems and new trends of land ownership and tenure ( ppt for cau 11 j une 2010)
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•1,564 views
The document discusses several issues related to land ownership and tenure across the world from a multidisciplinary perspective. It touches on topics such as private property rights, social history and the rise of cities, land tenure systems, identifying constraints and proposed solutions from those affected, the purpose of creating land rights, and balancing security of tenure with allowing for new land uses and investment.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Private Property: Magic answer? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source:bkmarcor.com 2000](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
May 2011 - Michigan Energy Forum - Liesl Clark
With 130,000 MW of potential offshore wind in the Great Lakes in 45 m or shallower water and the state of Michigan being responsible for 35,000 acres of bottomlands for lease, offshore wind is a critically important issue for us to understand. Join the MI Energy Forum on May 5th to discuss offshore wind and ask our expert panelists your questions and the questions below.
New Jersey Future Improving Clustering as a Land Preservation Tool
Clustering is one of a suite of tools available in New Jersey to foster more compact development and better open-space preservation. This presentation looks at all those tools, and makes recommendations for how to improve the use of non-contiguous clustering.
Deforestation Powerpoint[1]
Since the existence of humans, precious trees have been destroyed to provide shelter, food, heat and supplies for economic growth and development. Consistent and an increasing demand for products for human comfort, endangers large forests and the environment. Continuous deforestation is disrupting the natural balance of ecosystems. Populations fail to realize that their daily habits and patterns of energy and paper consumption is damaging in the long-run. As deforestation becomes more and more widespread, little is being done to preserve nature
Nasscom Engineering Forum Opening Remarks - Ravi Pandit - KPIT Cummins
Ravi Pandit introduces the NASSCOM Engineering Summit 2011 and discusses some of the key topics and challenges that will be addressed. These include: (1) growing energy scarcity and limited remaining non-renewable resources like coal, oil and natural gas; (2) rapidly increasing population and the need for sustainable growth; (3) how technology can help build a smarter world and address these issues. The event brought together visions for the future, best practices, and perspectives across industries to discuss technologies, processes, talent and strategies to accelerate innovation.
“You have nice grass—I’m coming”: Challenges of pastoral land governance in ...
This document discusses the challenges of governing pastoral lands in East Africa. It notes that without secure tenure rights and management control over lands, pastoralists have little incentive to invest in sustainable land management. However, formalizing individual land ownership is problematic for pastoralist systems that rely on flexibility of access to lands and resources across regions in response to variable climate conditions. The document explores traditional pastoral governance approaches as a potential model for balancing tenure security with needed mobility. It advocates for land use planning and incentive structures to encourage sustainable practices over punitive actions.
Opportunities in waste and circular economy in Ghana
Result of a market survey on waste management and circular economy in Ghana carried out by Bert Keesman of MetaSus and other experts 6-10 May 2019
LAND LAW 1 slides extent of ownership and enjoyment of land part 1 2014
This document discusses the extent of ownership and enjoyment of land, specifically regarding rights to the airspace above land. It begins by explaining that under common law and the National Land Code, a landowner has exclusive rights to the column of airspace above their land. However, these rights are not absolute - they are balanced against restrictions in other laws and the reasonable enjoyment of neighboring lands. The document analyzes several court cases that help define the limits of airspace rights, and how they can be enforced through trespass claims. It concludes by noting exceptions for public use of airspace at reasonable heights based on aviation laws.
Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies (CEDS)
Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies (CEDS) required by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economic Development Administration will provide the Hampton Roads, Virginia region with a: Continuing economic development planning process, broad-based and diverse public and private sector participation, goals and objectives necessary to solve the economic development problems of the region and clearly defined metrics of success. A CEDS is a useful benchmark by which a regional economy can evaluate opportunities with other regions in the national economy. Courtesy of Kaufman & Canoles Consulting
Recommended
May 2011 - Michigan Energy Forum - Liesl Clark
With 130,000 MW of potential offshore wind in the Great Lakes in 45 m or shallower water and the state of Michigan being responsible for 35,000 acres of bottomlands for lease, offshore wind is a critically important issue for us to understand. Join the MI Energy Forum on May 5th to discuss offshore wind and ask our expert panelists your questions and the questions below.
New Jersey Future Improving Clustering as a Land Preservation Tool
Clustering is one of a suite of tools available in New Jersey to foster more compact development and better open-space preservation. This presentation looks at all those tools, and makes recommendations for how to improve the use of non-contiguous clustering.
Deforestation Powerpoint[1]
Since the existence of humans, precious trees have been destroyed to provide shelter, food, heat and supplies for economic growth and development. Consistent and an increasing demand for products for human comfort, endangers large forests and the environment. Continuous deforestation is disrupting the natural balance of ecosystems. Populations fail to realize that their daily habits and patterns of energy and paper consumption is damaging in the long-run. As deforestation becomes more and more widespread, little is being done to preserve nature
Nasscom Engineering Forum Opening Remarks - Ravi Pandit - KPIT Cummins
Ravi Pandit introduces the NASSCOM Engineering Summit 2011 and discusses some of the key topics and challenges that will be addressed. These include: (1) growing energy scarcity and limited remaining non-renewable resources like coal, oil and natural gas; (2) rapidly increasing population and the need for sustainable growth; (3) how technology can help build a smarter world and address these issues. The event brought together visions for the future, best practices, and perspectives across industries to discuss technologies, processes, talent and strategies to accelerate innovation.
“You have nice grass—I’m coming”: Challenges of pastoral land governance in ...
This document discusses the challenges of governing pastoral lands in East Africa. It notes that without secure tenure rights and management control over lands, pastoralists have little incentive to invest in sustainable land management. However, formalizing individual land ownership is problematic for pastoralist systems that rely on flexibility of access to lands and resources across regions in response to variable climate conditions. The document explores traditional pastoral governance approaches as a potential model for balancing tenure security with needed mobility. It advocates for land use planning and incentive structures to encourage sustainable practices over punitive actions.
Opportunities in waste and circular economy in Ghana
Result of a market survey on waste management and circular economy in Ghana carried out by Bert Keesman of MetaSus and other experts 6-10 May 2019
LAND LAW 1 slides extent of ownership and enjoyment of land part 1 2014
This document discusses the extent of ownership and enjoyment of land, specifically regarding rights to the airspace above land. It begins by explaining that under common law and the National Land Code, a landowner has exclusive rights to the column of airspace above their land. However, these rights are not absolute - they are balanced against restrictions in other laws and the reasonable enjoyment of neighboring lands. The document analyzes several court cases that help define the limits of airspace rights, and how they can be enforced through trespass claims. It concludes by noting exceptions for public use of airspace at reasonable heights based on aviation laws.
Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies (CEDS)
Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies (CEDS) required by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economic Development Administration will provide the Hampton Roads, Virginia region with a: Continuing economic development planning process, broad-based and diverse public and private sector participation, goals and objectives necessary to solve the economic development problems of the region and clearly defined metrics of success. A CEDS is a useful benchmark by which a regional economy can evaluate opportunities with other regions in the national economy. Courtesy of Kaufman & Canoles Consulting
Land information and gltn
The document provides information about land administration and the Global Land Tool Network (GLTN). It discusses the historical developments that led to the establishment of GLTN, including efforts to promote pro-poor land policies and tenure approaches. The vision and mission of GLTN is outlined as working with partners to provide land tools and assistance to implement pro-poor, gender-sensitive land policies at scale. Key themes and initiatives of GLTN are described, including developing tools related to land rights, use planning, management, law and value capture. Cross-cutting issues and some of GLTN's partner organizations are also mentioned.
Economic Development Experience
This document outlines a business plan seeking $12 million in funds from 2000-2002. It provides an executive summary of the concept, management team, marketing strategy, competition, and includes financial documents for a new economic development company called Fort Pierce Development Management Company, LLC.
Holden Land Tenure Issues
This document summarizes several land tenure issues and proposed areas of study in multiple countries. It outlines interests in topics like land allocation for bioenergy crops in Tanzania and impacts of land certification in Ethiopia. Cross-cutting issues are identified like the impact of land reform on efficiency, equity, and sustainable land management. Relevant policy processes and global initiatives are mentioned. Potential researchers are identified to analyze issues in countries like China, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Kenya. A planning process is outlined to coordinate preparation of outputs like an edited book or journal special issues.
"The Conservation Commons: Lessons and Analyses Adapted from other Sectors an...
This document summarizes key lessons from other sectors that may be relevant to knowledge sharing in conservation. It discusses how knowledge is considered a public good or commodity. It also examines factors influencing individual, professional, and organizational willingness to share knowledge, such as incentives, cultural norms, and business models. Overall, the document explores how to promote open access and exchange of conservation information across disciplines and communities of practice.
Issues In Natural Resource Trade Presentation
The document is a presentation on issues in natural resource trade. It defines key terms like certification and fair trade. It then summarizes a research paper that studied whether certification schemes like organic and fair trade benefit coffee producers in Central America. The study found that certification alone does not guarantee higher prices and that quality is the most important factor in pricing. While certification provides some benefits, it does not fully address problems in the coffee sector like overproduction and low productivity. The presentation concludes by recommending that producers improve quality and that producing countries should determine natural resource prices.
Williams_P_Governance, property rights and planning in Peri-urban areas: Sydn...
Beyond the Edge: Australia's First National Peri-urban Conference
La Trobe University
October 2013
2Gender and Wildlife and Biodiversity Projects
This document provides guidance on mainstreaming gender equality in conservation projects related to wildlife and biodiversity. It discusses integrating gender analysis into each stage of the project cycle, including problem identification, project design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Specifically, it outlines key gender issues related to wildlife and biodiversity conservation in Ghana, such as women's lack of land ownership and access. It also provides examples of how to design project activities and intended outcomes using a logic model framework to promote gender equality and women's empowerment.
Hands on the Future 2016
Overview and Sponsorship Proposal of the Hands on the Future National TVET Conference & Kenya Skills Show 2016, scheduled for 15-17 September 2016 at KICC in Nairobi, Kenya. Hands on the Future is presented by the Permanent Working Group on TVET in Kenya.
For more information, visit www.handsonthefuture.org
Administrative and financial management of a political party
Presented by Cristita Marie Giangan at the Trainers' Training for the Development of Bangsamoro Political Party | Best Western Hotel La Corona, Ermita Manila | March 26-31, 2014
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
1. The document discusses sustainable agriculture and defines it as the successful management of resources to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining environmental quality and conserving natural resources.
2. It provides goals for sustainable agriculture systems, including providing profitable farm incomes while promoting environmental stewardship, stable farm families/communities, and reducing inputs.
3. The document outlines several practices for sustainable agriculture, such as using cover crops, crop rotation, and integrated pest management, to improve soils and reduce pollution.
Tesfu fekensa
The document discusses biodiversity and its conservation in Ethiopia. It defines biodiversity as the variability among living organisms, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It notes that while over 2 million species have been documented, total species numbers are estimated at 11 million. The document emphasizes that biodiversity underpins ecosystem services critical for human well-being and outlines Ethiopia's legal obligations and the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity's role in conservation, sustainable use of resources, and benefit sharing.
Property rights and sustainable forest management
1) A study examined the impact of different property rights regimes on forest access, condition, and economic outcomes in Haryana, India.
2) It found that forests under community forestry programs and communal tenure saw improved conditions compared to open access regimes.
3) A benefit-cost analysis of management scenarios found that regimes promoting community access to some resources and responsibility for conservation were most economically viable.
Gender consideration in environmental concerns and plans
This document discusses gender considerations in environmental concerns and plans, with a special focus on the role of women. It defines key terms like environment, gender, and environmental concerns. It explains how gender relations determine access to resources and power over the environment. Women are disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and pollution due to their roles. The impacts of issues like climate change on women are outlined, as are critical areas of concern and responses through programs and policies. Case studies and ways to involve women in environmental efforts are presented before concluding that women can be the best protectors of nature due to their direct connections and ability to pass on knowledge.
General Concepts of Land Ownership
This document discusses concepts of land ownership under Malaysian law. It defines land and discusses the law of fixtures, distinguishing between fixtures and chattels. The key tests for whether an item is a fixture or chattel are the intention of permanent attachment and purpose of attachment. Exceptions to the general rule that fixtures become part of the land are also outlined. The document also examines the extent of land ownership rights, including rights to the airspace, subsurface areas, foreshore areas, and rights to support from adjoining lands.
Understanding Philippine Economy
This document outlines key concepts related to understanding the Philippine economy. It discusses the main sectors of the economy (public and private), the government's role in managing fiscal and monetary policy, the four sectors of the economy (households, businesses, government, foreign), macroeconomic goals, the economic cycle and its phases, types of economic indicators, and several Philippine economic organizations. The overall document provides an introduction and overview to important economic concepts for analyzing and understanding the Philippine economy.
Land tenure and land use change
Which actor holds the right to the land is going to determine how the resources will be used, so it follows that changes in tenure will have an influence on the landscape. This presentation uses various methods to look at the dynamic between land tenure and land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
Gender issues&sustainable development(l 5)
The document discusses gender issues related to sustainable development. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender awareness and sensitivity. It notes that while women make up half the world's population, they earn only 10% of income and own less than 1% of property, and highlights gender gaps in areas like education, employment and political participation. The document also examines how environmental problems disproportionately impact women and outlines various global initiatives and good practices to promote sustainable gender development and address gender concerns.
Aquatic biodiversity – threats, conservations, conventions
Aquatic biodiversity – threats, conservations, conventionsCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
This document discusses India's rich aquatic biodiversity, including over 2,300 fish species. It notes threats such as invasive species, pollution, and overexploitation. Conservation efforts include protected areas, genetic studies, and captive breeding. International conventions like CITES regulate trade in endangered species. The document emphasizes increasing population is degrading habitats and biodiversity, so recognition of problems and cooperative efforts are needed to conserve India's aquatic ecosystems.Genetic resources and ipr
Laura Karanja presented on the international regulatory framework for genetic resources and intellectual property protections relevant to KALRO. The presentation covered:
1) An overview of the international agreements governing access to genetic resources and benefit sharing, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, and intellectual property rules.
2) Case studies illustrating issues that can arise regarding ownership and use of genetic materials and associated intellectual property.
3) Options for intellectual property protection and management practices KALRO could adopt, such as developing an institutional intellectual property policy and database, and providing intellectual property training. The goal is to help KALRO recognize and protect the value of innovations arising from their
Preservation conservation program
lecture presented at the Records Management Seminar sponsored by InfoManagement Specialists Inc. on 24-26 April 2014 at Tagbilaran, Bohol
BMGF Land Issues Framework
This document provides a framework for addressing land access issues in agricultural development strategies and grants. It discusses key land access concepts and theories, including customary and formal land tenure systems. It notes that women, pastoralists, migrants and the poor often have insecure land access. The document proposes a conceptual framework and operational tools to maximize benefits and minimize unintended negative impacts on vulnerable groups.
Gates Land Issues Framework
This document provides a framework for addressing land access issues in agricultural development strategies and grants. It discusses key land access concepts and theories, including customary and formal land tenure systems. It notes that women, pastoralists, migrants and the poor often have insecure land access. The document proposes a conceptual framework and operational tools to maximize benefits and minimize unintended negative impacts on vulnerable groups.
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Land information and gltn
The document provides information about land administration and the Global Land Tool Network (GLTN). It discusses the historical developments that led to the establishment of GLTN, including efforts to promote pro-poor land policies and tenure approaches. The vision and mission of GLTN is outlined as working with partners to provide land tools and assistance to implement pro-poor, gender-sensitive land policies at scale. Key themes and initiatives of GLTN are described, including developing tools related to land rights, use planning, management, law and value capture. Cross-cutting issues and some of GLTN's partner organizations are also mentioned.
Economic Development Experience
This document outlines a business plan seeking $12 million in funds from 2000-2002. It provides an executive summary of the concept, management team, marketing strategy, competition, and includes financial documents for a new economic development company called Fort Pierce Development Management Company, LLC.
Holden Land Tenure Issues
This document summarizes several land tenure issues and proposed areas of study in multiple countries. It outlines interests in topics like land allocation for bioenergy crops in Tanzania and impacts of land certification in Ethiopia. Cross-cutting issues are identified like the impact of land reform on efficiency, equity, and sustainable land management. Relevant policy processes and global initiatives are mentioned. Potential researchers are identified to analyze issues in countries like China, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Kenya. A planning process is outlined to coordinate preparation of outputs like an edited book or journal special issues.
"The Conservation Commons: Lessons and Analyses Adapted from other Sectors an...
This document summarizes key lessons from other sectors that may be relevant to knowledge sharing in conservation. It discusses how knowledge is considered a public good or commodity. It also examines factors influencing individual, professional, and organizational willingness to share knowledge, such as incentives, cultural norms, and business models. Overall, the document explores how to promote open access and exchange of conservation information across disciplines and communities of practice.
Issues In Natural Resource Trade Presentation
The document is a presentation on issues in natural resource trade. It defines key terms like certification and fair trade. It then summarizes a research paper that studied whether certification schemes like organic and fair trade benefit coffee producers in Central America. The study found that certification alone does not guarantee higher prices and that quality is the most important factor in pricing. While certification provides some benefits, it does not fully address problems in the coffee sector like overproduction and low productivity. The presentation concludes by recommending that producers improve quality and that producing countries should determine natural resource prices.
Williams_P_Governance, property rights and planning in Peri-urban areas: Sydn...
Beyond the Edge: Australia's First National Peri-urban Conference
La Trobe University
October 2013
2Gender and Wildlife and Biodiversity Projects
This document provides guidance on mainstreaming gender equality in conservation projects related to wildlife and biodiversity. It discusses integrating gender analysis into each stage of the project cycle, including problem identification, project design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Specifically, it outlines key gender issues related to wildlife and biodiversity conservation in Ghana, such as women's lack of land ownership and access. It also provides examples of how to design project activities and intended outcomes using a logic model framework to promote gender equality and women's empowerment.
Hands on the Future 2016
Overview and Sponsorship Proposal of the Hands on the Future National TVET Conference & Kenya Skills Show 2016, scheduled for 15-17 September 2016 at KICC in Nairobi, Kenya. Hands on the Future is presented by the Permanent Working Group on TVET in Kenya.
For more information, visit www.handsonthefuture.org
Administrative and financial management of a political party
Presented by Cristita Marie Giangan at the Trainers' Training for the Development of Bangsamoro Political Party | Best Western Hotel La Corona, Ermita Manila | March 26-31, 2014
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
1. The document discusses sustainable agriculture and defines it as the successful management of resources to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining environmental quality and conserving natural resources.
2. It provides goals for sustainable agriculture systems, including providing profitable farm incomes while promoting environmental stewardship, stable farm families/communities, and reducing inputs.
3. The document outlines several practices for sustainable agriculture, such as using cover crops, crop rotation, and integrated pest management, to improve soils and reduce pollution.
Tesfu fekensa
The document discusses biodiversity and its conservation in Ethiopia. It defines biodiversity as the variability among living organisms, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It notes that while over 2 million species have been documented, total species numbers are estimated at 11 million. The document emphasizes that biodiversity underpins ecosystem services critical for human well-being and outlines Ethiopia's legal obligations and the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity's role in conservation, sustainable use of resources, and benefit sharing.
Property rights and sustainable forest management
1) A study examined the impact of different property rights regimes on forest access, condition, and economic outcomes in Haryana, India.
2) It found that forests under community forestry programs and communal tenure saw improved conditions compared to open access regimes.
3) A benefit-cost analysis of management scenarios found that regimes promoting community access to some resources and responsibility for conservation were most economically viable.
Gender consideration in environmental concerns and plans
This document discusses gender considerations in environmental concerns and plans, with a special focus on the role of women. It defines key terms like environment, gender, and environmental concerns. It explains how gender relations determine access to resources and power over the environment. Women are disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and pollution due to their roles. The impacts of issues like climate change on women are outlined, as are critical areas of concern and responses through programs and policies. Case studies and ways to involve women in environmental efforts are presented before concluding that women can be the best protectors of nature due to their direct connections and ability to pass on knowledge.
General Concepts of Land Ownership
This document discusses concepts of land ownership under Malaysian law. It defines land and discusses the law of fixtures, distinguishing between fixtures and chattels. The key tests for whether an item is a fixture or chattel are the intention of permanent attachment and purpose of attachment. Exceptions to the general rule that fixtures become part of the land are also outlined. The document also examines the extent of land ownership rights, including rights to the airspace, subsurface areas, foreshore areas, and rights to support from adjoining lands.
Understanding Philippine Economy
This document outlines key concepts related to understanding the Philippine economy. It discusses the main sectors of the economy (public and private), the government's role in managing fiscal and monetary policy, the four sectors of the economy (households, businesses, government, foreign), macroeconomic goals, the economic cycle and its phases, types of economic indicators, and several Philippine economic organizations. The overall document provides an introduction and overview to important economic concepts for analyzing and understanding the Philippine economy.
Land tenure and land use change
Which actor holds the right to the land is going to determine how the resources will be used, so it follows that changes in tenure will have an influence on the landscape. This presentation uses various methods to look at the dynamic between land tenure and land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
Gender issues&sustainable development(l 5)
The document discusses gender issues related to sustainable development. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender awareness and sensitivity. It notes that while women make up half the world's population, they earn only 10% of income and own less than 1% of property, and highlights gender gaps in areas like education, employment and political participation. The document also examines how environmental problems disproportionately impact women and outlines various global initiatives and good practices to promote sustainable gender development and address gender concerns.
Aquatic biodiversity – threats, conservations, conventions
Aquatic biodiversity – threats, conservations, conventionsCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
This document discusses India's rich aquatic biodiversity, including over 2,300 fish species. It notes threats such as invasive species, pollution, and overexploitation. Conservation efforts include protected areas, genetic studies, and captive breeding. International conventions like CITES regulate trade in endangered species. The document emphasizes increasing population is degrading habitats and biodiversity, so recognition of problems and cooperative efforts are needed to conserve India's aquatic ecosystems.Genetic resources and ipr
Laura Karanja presented on the international regulatory framework for genetic resources and intellectual property protections relevant to KALRO. The presentation covered:
1) An overview of the international agreements governing access to genetic resources and benefit sharing, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, and intellectual property rules.
2) Case studies illustrating issues that can arise regarding ownership and use of genetic materials and associated intellectual property.
3) Options for intellectual property protection and management practices KALRO could adopt, such as developing an institutional intellectual property policy and database, and providing intellectual property training. The goal is to help KALRO recognize and protect the value of innovations arising from their
Preservation conservation program
lecture presented at the Records Management Seminar sponsored by InfoManagement Specialists Inc. on 24-26 April 2014 at Tagbilaran, Bohol
Viewers also liked (20)
"The Conservation Commons: Lessons and Analyses Adapted from other Sectors an...
"The Conservation Commons: Lessons and Analyses Adapted from other Sectors an...
Williams_P_Governance, property rights and planning in Peri-urban areas: Sydn...
Williams_P_Governance, property rights and planning in Peri-urban areas: Sydn...
Administrative and financial management of a political party
Administrative and financial management of a political party
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
Gender consideration in environmental concerns and plans
Gender consideration in environmental concerns and plans
Aquatic biodiversity – threats, conservations, conventions
Aquatic biodiversity – threats, conservations, conventions
Similar to Problems and new trends of land ownership and tenure ( ppt for cau 11 j une 2010)
BMGF Land Issues Framework
This document provides a framework for addressing land access issues in agricultural development strategies and grants. It discusses key land access concepts and theories, including customary and formal land tenure systems. It notes that women, pastoralists, migrants and the poor often have insecure land access. The document proposes a conceptual framework and operational tools to maximize benefits and minimize unintended negative impacts on vulnerable groups.
Gates Land Issues Framework
This document provides a framework for addressing land access issues in agricultural development strategies and grants. It discusses key land access concepts and theories, including customary and formal land tenure systems. It notes that women, pastoralists, migrants and the poor often have insecure land access. The document proposes a conceptual framework and operational tools to maximize benefits and minimize unintended negative impacts on vulnerable groups.
New Land Reforms And Their Impacts
The document discusses new land reforms that are high on development agendas and their potential impacts. It outlines some key issues with land reforms, including whether private property rights are necessary for economic growth. The document also examines different approaches to land reform, including land titling, redistribution, and formalization of customary rights. It analyzes why many past land reforms have failed and highlights examples of successful reforms in Ethiopia and China. New challenges for land reforms in Africa are also discussed.
Land deals in Africa: Trends, drivers, impacts and responses
The focus of the seminar was to explore the increasing interest in land acquisition in Africa from the different perspectives of the major stakeholders. It took place at Sida on the 10th of November, 2010.
Institutional Demensions of Climate Change
This is a presentation on "Institutional Dimensions of Climate Change: The Role of Property Rights and Collective Action", given by Ruth Meinzen-Dick on February 19, 2010 at the FAO in Rome.
Securing Community Forest Rights: Progress, Slowdown, New Momentum
This presentation by Andy White was given at a session titled "Securing rights as a climate change mitigation strategy" at the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 6, 2014.
By discussing how securing rights can serve as proven and cost-effective climate change mitigation strategy, the session built bridges between policy-makers, practitioners, and scholars.
Sharing experiences in landscape approaches
The document discusses the landscape approach to land use planning and management. It defines a landscape as a spatially heterogeneous area characterized by diverse ecosystems ranging from natural to human-dominated. A landscape is multi-functional and defined by its internal processes rather than boundaries. Taking a landscape approach allows viewing the bigger picture and considering competing claims and drivers at multiple levels and scales. It involves moving from a planning approach to co-design through participatory and adaptive processes.
Climate Change Opportunities by Paul Zaake
Climate change brings both challenges and opportunities. The presentation identifies various opportunities that can arise from climate change impacts such as drought, floods, energy scarcity, disease spread, and loss of ecosystems. These include developing drought-resistant crops, renewable energy solutions, disease prevention programs, forest conservation, and other adaptation strategies. Communities and individuals can tap into these opportunities by thinking creatively about how weather and climate influence different systems and asking the right questions to identify localized opportunities.
Tenure Risks in Forestry Supply Chains – Steven Lawry, CIFOR
This presentation by CIFOR's Steven Lawry was given at a session titled "Tenure Risks in Forestry Supply Chains" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Gender land deals_ifpribbl
1) Large-scale land deals for agriculture have increased dramatically in recent years, with over 46 million hectares acquired in 203 projects across 81 countries. These deals have gender implications that are often overlooked.
2) Women play a vital role in agriculture but are at risk of losing access to land and resources crucial to their livelihoods and families' welfare under large-scale land deals.
3) A gender analysis is needed to understand how women may be differently impacted at each phase of land deals, from consultation to implementation, to ensure deals reduce inequalities and improve welfare for both women and men.
Präsentation fh sesssion2_gesamt
This document discusses large scale land acquisitions in Africa by foreign investors. It outlines several reasons for the increasing interest in large scale land deals, including rising food and commodity prices, biofuel policies, and land speculation. Both opportunities and challenges of these land acquisitions for local communities are presented. Opportunities include access to new markets, infrastructure development, and jobs. However, smallholders often face constraints to benefitting from these deals due to lack of access to capital, technology, and difficulties meeting market standards. Infrastructure needs are also often beyond the capacities of smallholders and governments.
Kramer land use
Land is a natural resource that provides many benefits to humans and ecosystems. It serves as the foundation for human settlements, agriculture, and natural habitats. Proper management and conservation of land resources is important to ensure their continued sustainability and productivity.
Food Security & Land Security: Saving the Small Farm
The document discusses the importance of food security and land security through saving small farms. It notes that over 75% of America's fruits, vegetables and dairy are produced on threatened urban-edge farms. The document outlines various tools for preserving farmland, including agricultural easements, government assistance programs, comprehensive planning, tax relief, and land trusts.
Geoinformatics in agroecosystem research
The document discusses how geoinformatics and big data can help improve agricultural research and resilience. It notes that internet usage and data are growing exponentially worldwide. New analytical approaches are needed to effectively use this data. Satellite imagery and sensors can provide detailed spatial and temporal data on topics like land use, vegetation, drought, and more. Integrating this diverse data through geoinformatics platforms has potential to help address issues like changing demographics, diets, land degradation, and water balances. The document advocates for data-driven agricultural systems research focused on building sustainable, resilient agroecosystems.
Dra. Marie Cordonier - Carbon Markets
This document discusses overcoming legal barriers to small and medium private producers accessing carbon markets and participating in the green economy. It notes that rural communities depend on ecosystem services and face disproportionate losses from environmental degradation. Reforming laws can support rural development and green job creation by clarifying property rights, benefit sharing contracts, and rules for small producers to participate in carbon markets through associations. The International Development Law Organization assists countries in identifying legal barriers and implementing tailored solutions to facilitate meaningful participation in emerging green economy opportunities.
hovani_large_scale_implementation
The document outlines lessons learned for implementing large-scale REDD+ programs based on experiences in Indonesia. Three key points are: 1) Strong core teams are needed to manage complex REDD+ programs involving many partners. 2) Problems should be solved through joint problem-solving involving stakeholders. 3) Breakthrough knowledge management is required to integrate information and make good decisions.
Bekele Presentation April1409
The document discusses how markets, institutions, and policies influence smallholder investment in sustainable land management (SLM) in Africa. It argues that SLM adoption has been low due to a lack of profitable SLM options, high opportunity costs of labor, and weak property rights, markets, and institutions. Markets can promote SLM by facilitating access to new technologies and inputs, but are not sufficient on their own without well-defined property rights and coordinated policies to reduce tradeoffs from intensification and support diversification. Payment for ecosystem services and targeted subsidies may also incentivize SLM when costs are less than social benefits. Overall, the document emphasizes that improved market access, policies, and institutional arrangements are needed to encourage more small
Securing rights as a mitigation measure
1. Recognizing community tenure rights over forest lands is a low-cost way to promote better forest management and reduce deforestation, with costs ranging from $0.05 to $9 per hectare on average.
2. Securing these tenure rights is important for REDD+ programs to work effectively by giving local communities incentives to conserve forests, yet the full costs of REDD+ programs are still unknown.
3. Recognizing tenure rights is a complex political process but methodologies exist, and it is feasible and important to scale up recognition of community rights over the 350 million hectares of forest lands they already own or manage.
Unit five 3º eso economía y sector primario
This document discusses economic activities and the primary sector. It begins by defining the primary sector as consisting of economic activities like agriculture, livestock farming, forestry, fishing and mining that obtain resources directly from nature. It then discusses some key physical and human factors that affect agricultural land use and the composition of agricultural space. Physical factors include climate elements like temperature, rainfall, soil conditions and terrain features. Human factors that influence agricultural land use include population levels, land ownership patterns, economic conditions, and government policies. The document also describes different types of agricultural landscapes and livestock farming systems found around the world.
Priorities for Securing Forest and Community Land Rights
This document summarizes recent research on securing forest and community land rights. It finds that between 2002 and 2003, 381.4 million hectares of forested land were allocated to indigenous peoples and local communities on a conditional basis, while 96.6 million hectares provided full legal rights. However, progress in legally recognizing these rights has slowed since 2008. The document then outlines new initiatives like the Interlaken "Call to Action" and the International Land and Forest Tenure Facility, which aim to strengthen land tenure security through funding, coordination, and multi-stakeholder engagement.
Similar to Problems and new trends of land ownership and tenure ( ppt for cau 11 j une 2010) (20)
Land deals in Africa: Trends, drivers, impacts and responses
Land deals in Africa: Trends, drivers, impacts and responses
Securing Community Forest Rights: Progress, Slowdown, New Momentum
Securing Community Forest Rights: Progress, Slowdown, New Momentum
Tenure Risks in Forestry Supply Chains – Steven Lawry, CIFOR
Tenure Risks in Forestry Supply Chains – Steven Lawry, CIFOR
Food Security & Land Security: Saving the Small Farm
Food Security & Land Security: Saving the Small Farm
Priorities for Securing Forest and Community Land Rights
Priorities for Securing Forest and Community Land Rights
More from Change Workshop
Jonathan Gullible (by Ken Schoolland)
This document provides information about the International Society for Individual Liberty (ISIL) and their publication of "The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible" in multiple languages. Some key details:
- "The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible" explains basic economic principles simply and has been published in 44 languages.
- It has been praised by economists like Milton Friedman for its presentation of economic ideas.
- ISIL promotes individual liberty through publications, language camps, and educational programs in many countries worldwide.
- They are currently working on projects to translate "Jonathan Gullible" into 24 additional languages.
Internal email communication guidelines
This document provides guidelines for internal email communication at the Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit organization. It outlines best practices for fields like "to", "cc", "subject", priorities, signatures, out of office notifications, and conflict resolution. The guidelines aim to facilitate effective and clear email traffic while avoiding excessive size. Important emails must be printed and filed according to the organization's record keeping directives.
Does city planning need a bigger picture?
1. The document discusses issues around land use policy and governance in a globalized world where resources are finite and everything is interconnected.
2. It notes that more people now live in cities than the entire global population after WWII, and rural areas are no longer the main engine of economic growth for nations.
3. The author argues that urban and rural governance can no longer be separated, and inclusive governance models that leverage inclusive technologies may provide a way forward to better coordinate policies and investments across urban and rural areas.
Political Parties In The 21st Century
The document discusses political parties in Southeast Asia in the 21st century. It notes that political parties play an important role in structuring and aggregating public opinion. Party institutionalization, with factors like roots in society, autonomy, organization, and coherence, helps explain why some parties survive while others do not. However, parties in Southeast Asia tend to be weak institutions that are often defined by money politics, patronage networks, and shifting political allegiances. The document surveys some characteristics of political parties in countries like the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand.
Political Parties In The 21st Century
The document discusses political parties in Southeast Asia in the 21st century. It notes that political parties play an important role in structuring and aggregating public opinion, but some parties are more institutionalized than others based on factors like roots in society, autonomy, organization, and coherence. It then examines some characteristics of political parties in countries in Southeast Asia like the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia. Key issues discussed include weak party systems, dominant personalities, money in politics, and efforts to improve institutions and election systems.
Iaf Basic Outline 27 06 04 07 10
The document outlines a training event for moderators who work with the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom (FNF) or its counterparts. The event has two phases: an online phase to introduce participants and discuss methodology, followed by an in-person workshop in Gummersbach, Germany to provide solutions for common problems, demonstrate best practices, and upgrade skills. The goal is to improve moderating skills and address challenges associated with promoting liberal values of property, rule of law, and civil society. Topics will include innovative teaching methods, challenges in conservative environments, civic education research, and intercultural learning.
Iaf Basic Outline 27 06 04 07 10
The document outlines a training event for moderators who work with the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom (FNF) or its counterparts. The event has two phases: an online phase to introduce participants and discuss methodology, followed by an in-person workshop in Gummersbach, Germany to provide solutions for common problems, demonstrate best practices, and upgrade skills. The goal is to improve moderating skills and address challenges associated with promoting liberal values of property, rule of law, and civil society. Topics will include innovative teaching methods, challenges in conservative environments, civic education research, and intercultural learning.
Draft Workshop Concept Vs01
The document outlines an agenda for a Program Finance Workshop taking place from February 21-27, 2010 at the Mantra Resort in Hua Hin, Thailand. It lists participants from accounting departments in various countries. The workshop will cover topics like budget planning, liquidity planning, financial compliance, auditing, and general accounting questions. Participants will discuss budget planning tools, budget structure differences, liquidity requests, and handling audit reports and bookkeeping corrections. The agenda includes sessions, coffee breaks, meals, transportation, and accommodations.
Candidate Schools Objectives And Aims
The document outlines the objectives and expected results of candidate schools run by FNF Indonesia. [1] The overall objectives were to support democratization in Indonesia by building candidates' skills and campaign strategies, and reducing money politics. [2] The specific objectives aimed to help candidates with less financial resources and more rational campaigns. [3] The expected results included candidates improving skills, reducing money politics influence, and changing attitudes towards local campaigns.
Thailand Peoples Participation Dialogue Final
The document discusses the importance of citizen participation in politics according to the Free Democratic Party of Germany. It outlines various forms of political participation including voting, party membership, petitions, referendums, and protests. It also describes several initiatives by the Free Democratic Party to encourage more direct citizen participation, such as online platforms for citizens to contribute ideas and discuss party policies. The goal is to give citizens a more direct role in the political process and diminish the influence of political parties.
Tor New 1322966
This document provides guidelines for NZAID staff on developing Terms of Reference (TOR) documents. It outlines the standard TOR format and common requirements that should be included in TORs, such as objectives, tasks, timeframes, and reporting relationships. The guideline describes the process for developing TORs, which involves identifying the need for an assignment, discussing it with stakeholders, drafting the TOR document, and getting final approval. Developing quality TOR is important for achieving effective development outcomes through defined scopes of work.
Freedom.Barometer3
The document provides an overview of political and economic freedom across Southeast and East Asia based on the Freedom Barometer index. It discusses the need for the index, how freedom is measured using indicators for political freedom, rule of law, and economic freedom. Sources for the data are also outlined. Country profiles for 14 Asian nations are then presented, summarizing levels of freedom based on the indicators.
German Parliamentary Elections 2009 (Mr. Rainer Heufers)
This document summarizes the 2009 German parliamentary elections and the subsequent coalition building process. It discusses the election results and seat allocation among the main parties. It also outlines some of the key issues that will need to be negotiated between parties as they work to form a new governing coalition, with the Free Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union currently in talks to form a black-yellow coalition government. The document provides charts and tables analyzing the election results and outlining the composition of a potential new government cabinet.
Presentation on German Elections Results 2009 by Rainer Heufers
The document summarizes the results of the 2009 German federal election and discusses the coalition building process. It provides the election results for the major parties, analysis of voting patterns by demographics, issues in negotiations, and the process for forming a governing coalition. The Christian Democratic Union remained the largest party but saw losses, while the Free Democratic Party had major losses and the Greens and Left party made gains. Negotiations took place to form a governing coalition, with options including a Jamaica, traffic light, grand coalition or black-yellow coalition.
A Nation Of SMEs
A presentation by Siegfried Herzog on German competitiveness with special focus on its SMEs. It was delivered at the SunStar Economic Forum in Cebu City, Philippines, August 26, 2009
More from Change Workshop (20)
German Parliamentary Elections 2009 (Mr. Rainer Heufers)
German Parliamentary Elections 2009 (Mr. Rainer Heufers)
Presentation on German Elections Results 2009 by Rainer Heufers
Presentation on German Elections Results 2009 by Rainer Heufers
Recently uploaded
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about machines behaving intelligently during May 2024
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of common terms used in context of Generative AI.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the irresponsible use of machine intelligence in May 2024
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the Elixir programming ecosystem in May 2024
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Recently uploaded (20)
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Problems and new trends of land ownership and tenure ( ppt for cau 11 j une 2010)
- 1. Problems and New Trends of Land Ownership and Tenure Across the World An Analysis from a Multidisciplinary Perspective Jim Riddell
- 17. Land Conservation Source: APW.org Source: IFAD
- 18. Land Reclamation: Creating new rights Source: holland.com
- 19. Brownfield Redevelopment Source: Iowa DNR