Clustering is one of a suite of tools available in New Jersey to foster more compact development and better open-space preservation. This presentation looks at all those tools, and makes recommendations for how to improve the use of non-contiguous clustering.
Presented jointly by New Jersey Future and the Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association, June 1, 2011, by Senior Director of State Policy Chris Sturm
Tenure Responsive Land Use Planning: A Guide for Country Level ImplementationGlobal Land Tool Network
Land use planning is a very contentious term. No matter how it is defined, it involves decisions and activities that represent the future uses of land and attempt to organize these uses in ways that will be beneficial to people who live on or use the land and the environment. Relevant to land use planning is the issue of land tenure, commonly “the relationship among people, as individuals and groups on land and other natural resources”.
And the manner in which land rights are held. How people use and exercise rights over land has a tremendous influence on the direction of their development. Most importantly, the pattern of land allocations and the level of tenure security people have can determine the quality of their development. How people use and
exercise rights over land has a tremendous influence on the direction of their development. This makes land use planning and land tenure security pertinent issues for developing countries, where land tenure security will always be a defining feature of socioeconomic improvements. Although land use planning often exists in developing countries, it lacks sufficient connection with tenure security.
Key Concepts, Approaches and Tools for Strengthening Land Tenure Security Global Land Tool Network
Presented by Dr. Samuel Mabikke at GLTN's Urban CSO Cluster Learning Exchange on Strengthening Land Tenure Security for Urban Poverty Reduction in Asia Pacific in Manila, Philippines, November 7-8, 2017
Combining simulations, social science, and stakeholder engagement for improve...ILRI
Presented by Lance W. Robinson, Gunnar Dressler, Birgit Müller and Niklas Hase at the Workhop on Resilience 2017: Resilience Frontiers for Global Sustainability, Stockholm, 20-23 August 2017
Terrafiniti an ipo for the earth - is the earth an appreciating asset - sal...Terrafiniti
A presentation of Terrafiniti's IPO for the Earth concept to an international audience at the Salzburg Global Seminar.
An audio of the presentation is available here: http://soundcloud.com/salzburgglobal/joss-tantram-edited
The worldwide end of government human spaceflight? jfoust
My presentation from the Space Access '12 conference about the possibility that government human spaceflight programs in the U.S. and elsewhere may gradually fade away by the 2020s due to funding issues, priorities, and technical capabilities. Emerging commercial space ventures (aka NewSpace) may be the key to lowering the cost of human access to space and thus reviving government and commercial human spaceflight efforts alike.
Presented jointly by New Jersey Future and the Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association, June 1, 2011, by Senior Director of State Policy Chris Sturm
Tenure Responsive Land Use Planning: A Guide for Country Level ImplementationGlobal Land Tool Network
Land use planning is a very contentious term. No matter how it is defined, it involves decisions and activities that represent the future uses of land and attempt to organize these uses in ways that will be beneficial to people who live on or use the land and the environment. Relevant to land use planning is the issue of land tenure, commonly “the relationship among people, as individuals and groups on land and other natural resources”.
And the manner in which land rights are held. How people use and exercise rights over land has a tremendous influence on the direction of their development. Most importantly, the pattern of land allocations and the level of tenure security people have can determine the quality of their development. How people use and
exercise rights over land has a tremendous influence on the direction of their development. This makes land use planning and land tenure security pertinent issues for developing countries, where land tenure security will always be a defining feature of socioeconomic improvements. Although land use planning often exists in developing countries, it lacks sufficient connection with tenure security.
Key Concepts, Approaches and Tools for Strengthening Land Tenure Security Global Land Tool Network
Presented by Dr. Samuel Mabikke at GLTN's Urban CSO Cluster Learning Exchange on Strengthening Land Tenure Security for Urban Poverty Reduction in Asia Pacific in Manila, Philippines, November 7-8, 2017
Combining simulations, social science, and stakeholder engagement for improve...ILRI
Presented by Lance W. Robinson, Gunnar Dressler, Birgit Müller and Niklas Hase at the Workhop on Resilience 2017: Resilience Frontiers for Global Sustainability, Stockholm, 20-23 August 2017
Terrafiniti an ipo for the earth - is the earth an appreciating asset - sal...Terrafiniti
A presentation of Terrafiniti's IPO for the Earth concept to an international audience at the Salzburg Global Seminar.
An audio of the presentation is available here: http://soundcloud.com/salzburgglobal/joss-tantram-edited
The worldwide end of government human spaceflight? jfoust
My presentation from the Space Access '12 conference about the possibility that government human spaceflight programs in the U.S. and elsewhere may gradually fade away by the 2020s due to funding issues, priorities, and technical capabilities. Emerging commercial space ventures (aka NewSpace) may be the key to lowering the cost of human access to space and thus reviving government and commercial human spaceflight efforts alike.
Gentrification is the term coined in the era of Industrial Revolution. When the CBD comprised of Industries surrounded by the congested communities of workers. The rich migrated to Suburbs away from this congested city centre. During Globalisation, the commercialisation turned the city structure inside out setting industries outside city limits. Now in the Planning era, concepts such as decentralisation play a strong role restructuring cities again. Gentrification meant shifting of capital or class of people to city centre. The situation is not so simple now. It can be explained simply as revitalisation on a much larger scale. For TDR to be a positive outcome of gentrification, there is a need to revise our basic concepts such as development and urbanisation..
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
The Productivity Commission has released a draft report into the processes that New Zealand’s fastest growing cities use to provide land for housing. The report finds that more could be done to enable cities to accommodate growing populations and includes 38 draft recommendations.
Moving ohio forward grant program for demolition fundinggreaterohio
Greater Ohio consulted with the Ohio Attorney General's office to conduct workshops to provide assistance/guidance to Ohio cities receiving demolition funding.
The Workgroup on Housing Affordability, Balance and Choice has illuminated housing needs across Oregon communities, and will advance proposals in the 2015 Oregon State Legislature that will help increase housing opportunity. This session will feature workgroup participants leading off a roundtable discussion about why we need a stronger “housing lens” in state government, what that might look like, and how we work to create it.
Presenters
Erin Doyle, League of Oregon Cities
Andrée Tremoulet, Commonworks Consulting
Kim Travis, Oregon Housing and Community Services
Janet Byrd, Neighborhood Partnerships
Gentrification is the term coined in the era of Industrial Revolution. When the CBD comprised of Industries surrounded by the congested communities of workers. The rich migrated to Suburbs away from this congested city centre. During Globalisation, the commercialisation turned the city structure inside out setting industries outside city limits. Now in the Planning era, concepts such as decentralisation play a strong role restructuring cities again. Gentrification meant shifting of capital or class of people to city centre. The situation is not so simple now. It can be explained simply as revitalisation on a much larger scale. For TDR to be a positive outcome of gentrification, there is a need to revise our basic concepts such as development and urbanisation..
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
The Productivity Commission has released a draft report into the processes that New Zealand’s fastest growing cities use to provide land for housing. The report finds that more could be done to enable cities to accommodate growing populations and includes 38 draft recommendations.
Moving ohio forward grant program for demolition fundinggreaterohio
Greater Ohio consulted with the Ohio Attorney General's office to conduct workshops to provide assistance/guidance to Ohio cities receiving demolition funding.
The Workgroup on Housing Affordability, Balance and Choice has illuminated housing needs across Oregon communities, and will advance proposals in the 2015 Oregon State Legislature that will help increase housing opportunity. This session will feature workgroup participants leading off a roundtable discussion about why we need a stronger “housing lens” in state government, what that might look like, and how we work to create it.
Presenters
Erin Doyle, League of Oregon Cities
Andrée Tremoulet, Commonworks Consulting
Kim Travis, Oregon Housing and Community Services
Janet Byrd, Neighborhood Partnerships
Similar to New Jersey Future Improving Clustering as a Land Preservation Tool (20)
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New Jersey Future Improving Clustering as a Land Preservation Tool
1. Improving Clustering as a
Land Preservation Tool
Chris Sturm, Senior Director of State Policy
New Jersey Future
January 4, 2012
2. Smart Growth research, policy and
advocacy organization
Development that protects open space and farmland, strengthens
communities, keeps housing affordable, provides transportation
choices and fuels a prosperous economy
3. Threats to Preserving Farmland and
Supporting Agriculture
• State and local governments can’t afford to buy all
the land that needs protecting
• Haphazard development fragments contiguous
farmland, exacerbating conflicts with neighbors
10. If we could go back in time… what planning
tools could have been used?
Large lot
zoning
Lot size
averaging
Clustering
Noncontiguous
clustering
Transfer of
Development
Rights (TDR)
Franklin Township, NJ. Google maps 2011
11. Large Lot Zoning
Lot sizes are
increased to
reduce the
amount of
development
on a parcel
Franklin Township, NJ., Google maps 2011. (Parcel boundaries are fictitious)
12. Lot Size Averaging
The number
of units stays
the same,
but the
developer
can shrink
some lots
and make
others
bigger.
Franklin Township, NJ., Google maps 2011. (Parcel boundaries are fictitious)
16. Noncontiguous Clustering
A developer
may cluster
units from
one parcel
onto another
parcel, which
would be
developed
more
intensely.
Franklin Township, NJ., Google maps 2011. (Parcel boundaries are fictitious)
17. Noncontiguous Clustering
A developer
may cluster
units from
multiple
parcels onto
another
parcel, which
is developed
more
intensely.
Franklin Township, NJ., Google maps 2011. (Parcel boundaries are fictitious)
18. Noncontiguous Clustering Basics
• Authorized by Municipal Land Use Law (MLUL)
• MLUL allows town to create a “planned development”
zone on multiple noncontiguous properties that can
be developed as a single cluster:
• “Sending area” parcel(s) are preserved
• “Receiving area” parcel(s) are developed more
intensively to accommodate the extra units
• Voluntary: requires a “deal” between the municipality,
sending area landowner(s), and receiving area
landowner/developer
19. Plainsboro example
Noncontiguous cluster
helped create 1,025-
acre Plainsboro
Preserve.
100 acres near the lake
were preserved.
30 units were built on
another property.
A single person owned
both properties and
made an agreement
with a developer.
20. Hillsborough example
Noncontiguous clustering
used on five parcels for
Hillsborough Chase project
105 homes recently
constructed by Toll Brothers
157 acres on four parcels
were permanently preserved
and given to the township.
21. Other New Jersey Examples
• Monroe Township, Middlesex County
• Robbinsville, Mercer County
• North Hanover Township, Burlington County
• Hopewell Township, Mercer County
•Ocean Township, Ocean County
• Middle Township, Cape May County
22. Transfer of Development Rights
Used on a larger scale
Planned
Developers may build Village
more units in the
designated growth area,
if they purchase
development rights from
landowners in the
preservation area
Chesterfield Township, NJ., Courtesy Clarke, Caton, Hintz.
23. Comparing the Tools
Large lot
zoning • Affordable:
preserves land
with private funds
Lot size •Simple: Relatively
averaging easy to use
• Fair: Protects
Clustering landowner
equity
Noncontiguous • Needs
clustering improved
statutory
authority
TDR
24. Proposed MLUL Amendments
-- for All Cluster Tools
.
Permissive
Authorizes establishment of maximum lot sizes, FAR
Authorizes clustering of residential and/or non-
residential uses
Authorizes clustering to preserve not only open space,
but also farmland and historic sites
Requires permanent preservation through easement
Explicitly authorizes mandatory contiguous clustering
(already in use)
Explicitly authorizes lot-size averaging (already in use)
25. Noncontiguous Cluster –
Special Issues
• More powerful, larger-scale tool
• Voluntary and market-driven – Town may have to
serve as a broker for landowners and developer
• Incentives, such as bonus units and infrastructure,
may be helpful.
• Legal constraints:
• Courts have thrown out noncontiguous
ordinances if they “seem like” TDR
26. Proposed MLUL Amendments
– for Noncontiguous Clustering
.
Keeps noncontiguous voluntary on part of landowners
Simplifies municipal planning obligations:
Doesn’t require creation of a “Planned Development”
Expands powers while distinguishing from TDR
Authorizes towns to establish criteria for -- or
designate -- areas for growth and areas for
preservation
Does not allow towns to access TDR provisions
Allows same or greater development potential than
provided by underlying zoning
Can be increased to maintain equity or to create an
incentive for developers to participate
27. Encouraging More “Livable Places and Open
Spaces”
.
The proposed MLUL amendments should lead to greater use
of clustering:
Clarifies municipal authority for existing practices
Clarifies when noncontiguous clustering may be used,
without having to meet the requirements for TDR
Provides towns greater ability to control where and how
growth and preservation would occur
Gives property owners another option for developing their
property, one that may better meet market demand.
Applicable in rural, suburban and urban settings