Problem-based learning (PBL) is a constructivist educational approach initiated in the 1970s that emphasizes learning through engagement with real-world problems. It focuses on student-centered learning where the teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding students through defining problems, proposing solutions, and synthesizing information. PBL aims to develop competencies such as clinical decision-making and teamwork in abnormal circumstances.

1. PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)By: Christine Lim AminaKiluwashaMeysamMoradi

2. OVERVIEWProblem-based learning begins in the early 1970s at the medical school at McMaster University in Canada.

3. OVERVIEWIt is a constructivistapproach to learning that challenges students to learn through engagement in a real problem

4. OVERVIEWIt is based on student-centered learning, and the teacher becomes a facilitator in the learning process.

5. What is PBLThe learning that results from the process of working towards the understanding of a resolution of a problem (Barrows, Tamblyn, 1980)

6. PBL Structure

7. PBL StructureOther models that comes in more steps. The stages are divided into smaller chunk

8. How PBL worksStep 1: Define the ProblemYour task today is to solve…………………Facilitator present problem to student.

9. How PBL worksStep 2: Propose solution to solve the problemLets discuss about….Clarifythe facts of the case

10. Define what the problem is.

11. Brainstorm ideas based on the prior knowledge.

12. Identifywhat they need to learn to work on the problem

13. What they do not know learning issuesStudent discuss problem in a small group

14. How PBL worksStep 3: Gather and Evaluate InformationStudents will gather information from all sorts of media like from books and websitesThen students will need to evaluate the findings.Student engage on independent study

15. How PBL worksStep 4: Synthesize and Form SolutionsStudent come back to group and share

16. How PBL worksFINALStudent present their solution for the problem.

17. How PBL worksReviewHow to improve this?What are the problems?Students review what they have learnt and compile final report

18. CharacteristicsProblem drives the learning. Using tutorials students define their own learning issues.Learning is student-centered, and the teacher becomes a facilitator in the learning process.Emphasis on the process of students solving a real world problem.

19. Purpose Developed of high fidelity competencyIdentification of self-analysisClear clinical decision-makingProblem solve in abnormal circumstancesCultivating an ability Adaptation to work effectively in a team