Problem-based Learning: PBL is any learning environment in which the problem drives the learning. That is, before students learn some knowledge they are given a problem. The problem is posed so that the students discover that they need to learn some new knowledge before they can solve the problem. Some example problem-based learning environments include: •research projects •engineering design projects that are more than a synthesis of previously learned knowledge

1. PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) By: Christine Lim AminaKiluwasha MeysamMoradi

2. OVERVIEW Problem-based learning begins in the early 1970s at the medical school at McMaster University in Canada.

3. OVERVIEW It is a constructivistapproach to learning that challenges students to learn through engagement in a real problem

4. OVERVIEW It is based on student-centered learning, and the teacher becomes a facilitator in the learning process.

5. What is PBL The learning that results from the process of working towards the understanding of a resolution of a problem (Barrows, Tamblyn, 1980)

6. PBL Structure

7. PBL Structure Other models that comes in more steps. The stages are divided into smaller chunk

8. How PBL works Step 1: Define the Problem Your task today is to solve………………… Facilitator present problem to student.

10. Define what the problem is.

11. Brainstorm ideas based on the prior knowledge.

12. Identifywhat they need to learn to work on the problem

13. What they do not know learning issuesStudent discuss problem in a small group

14. How PBL works Step 3: Gather and Evaluate Information Students will gather information from all sorts of media like from books and websites Then students will need to evaluate the findings. Student engage on independent study

15. How PBL works Step 4: Synthesize and Form Solutions Student come back to group and share

16. How PBL works FINAL Student present their solution for the problem.

17. How PBL works Review How to improve this? What are the problems? Students review what they have learnt and compile final report

18. Characteristics Problem drives the learning. Using tutorials students define their own learning issues. Learning is student-centered, and the teacher becomes a facilitator in the learning process. Emphasis on the process of students solving a real world problem.

19. Purpose Developed of high fidelity competency Identification of self-analysis Clear clinical decision-making Problem solve in abnormal circumstances Cultivating an ability Adaptation to work effectively in a team

20. Negative Assumption

21. Advantage Assumption

22. Quiz What type of learning strategy is PBL? Pedagogy Andragogy Heutagogy

23. THE END