The document describes a pseudo-code program with nested functions and asks what would be printed under different scoping rules. Under dynamic scoping and shallow binding, the program would print 3. This is because when function C calls D, D would see the innermost declaration of x as 3, since dynamic scoping uses the current execution environment. Under static/lexical scoping, the program would print 4, since lexical scoping uses the environment in which a function is defined, so D would see x as 4, the value declared when B is defined.

1. Problem 3 [12pt] Consider the following pseudo-code with higher-order function support. Assume
that the language has one scope for each function, and it allows nested functions (hence, nested
scopes). In the pseudo code, declarations with type int are local declarations; otherwise the
variables not declared locally are referring to the outer level of function. function A(){ int x=5;
function C(P){ int x=3; P(); function D(); print x; function B(); int x=4; C (D); ; } B(); f() a) (3pt) What
would the program print if this language uses dynamic scoping and shallow binding (binding
happens when the function is called)? b) (6pt) Justify your answer by showing the tree of symbol
tables when execution reaches the display expression. c) (3pt) What would the program print if
this language uses static/lexical scoping?