The document discusses different programming paradigms like procedural, modular, and object-oriented programming. It also provides a brief history of the C language, noting it was developed in the 1970s and derived from B and BCPL. The document lists some features of C like it being a middle-level language, case-sensitive, using compilers, and teaching basic programming skills.

2. NOTES

3. NOTES

4. Programming paradigm
NOTES
Paradigm means organizing principal of a program. It is an approach to programming.
Different programming paradigm
 Procedural programming:-In procedural Program the emphasis is on
doing things rather data. Following focus points about procedural
programming:-
 Emphasis is on doing things.
 Global data is loosely available to all function.
 There is no data security.
 Procedural oriented approach does not model real world problem.
 It does not encourage reusability of code.
 C --supports Procedural Programming
 Modular Programming:-Large Program is broken down into smaller
units i.e., function (sub Program). The idea of breaking a into function
can further be extended by grouping a number of functions together
into a larger entity called a module.
 Object oriented Programming:- Object oriented Programming
paradigm is based on the principal of data hiding, abstraction,
inheritance and polymorphism. It implements Programs using classes
and objects. It supports reusability of code so it is very close to real
world. Data and function are encapsulated to ensure data safety and
security.

5. History of C Language
 The C programming language was designed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell
Laboratories in the early 1970s.
 It derived from a computer language named B and from an earlier
language BCPL.
As the language further develop and standardized a version known as
ANSI(American National Standard institute) C became dominant
This language was originally designed and implemented on the UNIX operating
system on DEC – PDP11 by Dennis Ritchie at bell labs and entire UNIX was
written in C.
Features of Language C
 It is Middle LEVEL Languages.
 It is procedural program.
 It is case sensitive it treats upper and
lowercase differently.
 C Language uses Compiler for translation.
 It learns basic programming skills.
NOTES

6. EXTRA

7. NOTES

8. EXTRA

9. OR Preprocessors
EXTRA

10. PREPROCESSING AND STANDARD LIBRARIES
It is the directives written in a program.
It is always before the main().
It does not terminated by semicolon sign.
Most useable when our program are more Larger
and has to managed multiple files.
#
EXTRA

11. OR Preprocessors
EXTRA

12. OR Preprocessors
EXTRA

13. Stdio.h String.h math.h Stdlib.h
Scanf ()
strlen()
Printf(
strcpy()
gets()
strcmp()
puts()
strcpy()
getchar()
strcat()
putchar()
sin()
cos()
pow()
SQRt()
tan()
exp()
log()
malloc()
realloc()
abs()
free()

14. FILE INCLUSION
#include<filename>
#include “filename” is also permitted
EXTRA
•A Filename written in < > is searched in its standard
library.
•A Filename in “ “ is searched first current directory and if not
found will then be searched in the standard directory .

15. COMPILER CONTROL DIRECTIVES
•This is the need of developing large programs and
to make the code portable to more than one
specific type of condition.
•The control may change the execution path
depending upon the current environment.
NULL DIRECTIVE
# -> has no effect.
EXTRA

16. NOTES

17. NOTES

18. NOTES

19. NOTES

20. NOTES

21. NOTES