This document summarizes Bing Hsieh's research journey from 1990 to 2014. It covers his work in conducting polymers for OLEDs from 1990-2002, then toner and cartridge recycling from 2003-2007. From 2008-2011 he worked on solid electrolytes and ionic liquids for lithium batteries. From 2011-2014 his focus was on printed organic electronics and graphene supercapacitors. The document provides details on his research into issues with printed transistors, block copolymers as solid electrolytes, dendrite formation in batteries, and preliminary work printing graphene oxide inks for supercapacitors. Diagrams and images supplement the technical descriptions.
High Capacity Planar Supercapacitors and Lithium-Ion Batteries byModular Man...Bing Hsieh
High Capacity Planar Supercapacitors and Lithium Ion Batteries by Modular Manufacturing
Novel planar supercapacitors (SC) and lithium ion batteries (LIB) having interdigitated electrodes for large format applications will be presented. We will discuss the design principles of the new planar structures, their potential to give > 5X improvement in capacity over current supercapacitors, their pack designs, as well as low cost fabrication by modular manufacturing. The drawings given in the following link depict the plan view (top) and the cross-sectional view (bottom) of a planar LIB, wherein the dotted and the hatched areas are the positive and the negative electrodes respectively; the gray areas are the current collectors and the gray lines are the grid lines. Unlike the known interdigitated thin film microsupercapacitor design where the current collectors are situated on the top or bottom surfaces of the electrodes and paralleled to the plane of the substrate and can only exert limited weak fringe fields, the current collectors in our new design are running along the sidewalls of the electrodes and are perpendicular to the substrate and can thus provide strong direct fields, as indicated by the purple arrow, to promote facile ion movement across the entire thickness of the electrodes (20-100 µm). In addition, the relatively narrow inter-spaces between two opposite electrodes (20-100 µm) may allow much higher power densities than ever. Due to their scalability and low cost modular manufacturing processes by printing, the new planar SC/LIB may be designed for a wide range of applications such as mobile devices, transportation, and grid and distributed energy storage.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7fDeNQTYRc9VDdOTTVYRmh2QWc/view?usp=sharing
Pd-Substituted (La,Sr)CrO3 for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell AnodesEmmaReneeDutton
Presentation of independent honors research thesis (June 2011) for Bachelor of Science in Materials Science & Engineering at Northwestern University.
Presentation at the 42nd HPC User Forum 6-8 Sept 2011. Why do commercial customers need to do simulation, why HPC is important. Presents examples in protein-ligand binding, fuel cells, batteries, sensors
High-throughput Quantum Chemistry and Virtual Screening for Lithium Ion Batte...BIOVIA
The use of virtual structure libraries for computational screening to identify lead systems for further investigation has become a standard approach in drug discovery. Transferring this paradigm to challenges in material science is a recent possibility due to advances in the speed of computational resources and the efficiency and stability of materials modeling packages. This makes it possible for individual calculation steps to be executed in sequence comprising a high-throughput quantum chemistry workflow, in which material systems of varying structure and composition are analyzed in an automated fashion with the results collected in a growing data record. This record can then be sorted and mined to identify lead candidates and establish critical structure-property limits within a given chemical design space. To-date, only a small number of studies have been reported in which quantum chemical calculations are used in a high-throughput fashion to compute properties and screen for optimal materials solutions. However, with time, high-throughput computational screening will become central to advanced materials research.
In this presentation, the use of high-throughput quantum chemistry to analyze and screen a materials structure library is demonstrated for Li-Ion battery additives based on ethylene carbonate (EC).
High Capacity Planar Supercapacitors and Lithium-Ion Batteries byModular Man...Bing Hsieh
High Capacity Planar Supercapacitors and Lithium Ion Batteries by Modular Manufacturing
Novel planar supercapacitors (SC) and lithium ion batteries (LIB) having interdigitated electrodes for large format applications will be presented. We will discuss the design principles of the new planar structures, their potential to give > 5X improvement in capacity over current supercapacitors, their pack designs, as well as low cost fabrication by modular manufacturing. The drawings given in the following link depict the plan view (top) and the cross-sectional view (bottom) of a planar LIB, wherein the dotted and the hatched areas are the positive and the negative electrodes respectively; the gray areas are the current collectors and the gray lines are the grid lines. Unlike the known interdigitated thin film microsupercapacitor design where the current collectors are situated on the top or bottom surfaces of the electrodes and paralleled to the plane of the substrate and can only exert limited weak fringe fields, the current collectors in our new design are running along the sidewalls of the electrodes and are perpendicular to the substrate and can thus provide strong direct fields, as indicated by the purple arrow, to promote facile ion movement across the entire thickness of the electrodes (20-100 µm). In addition, the relatively narrow inter-spaces between two opposite electrodes (20-100 µm) may allow much higher power densities than ever. Due to their scalability and low cost modular manufacturing processes by printing, the new planar SC/LIB may be designed for a wide range of applications such as mobile devices, transportation, and grid and distributed energy storage.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7fDeNQTYRc9VDdOTTVYRmh2QWc/view?usp=sharing
Pd-Substituted (La,Sr)CrO3 for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell AnodesEmmaReneeDutton
Presentation of independent honors research thesis (June 2011) for Bachelor of Science in Materials Science & Engineering at Northwestern University.
Presentation at the 42nd HPC User Forum 6-8 Sept 2011. Why do commercial customers need to do simulation, why HPC is important. Presents examples in protein-ligand binding, fuel cells, batteries, sensors
High-throughput Quantum Chemistry and Virtual Screening for Lithium Ion Batte...BIOVIA
The use of virtual structure libraries for computational screening to identify lead systems for further investigation has become a standard approach in drug discovery. Transferring this paradigm to challenges in material science is a recent possibility due to advances in the speed of computational resources and the efficiency and stability of materials modeling packages. This makes it possible for individual calculation steps to be executed in sequence comprising a high-throughput quantum chemistry workflow, in which material systems of varying structure and composition are analyzed in an automated fashion with the results collected in a growing data record. This record can then be sorted and mined to identify lead candidates and establish critical structure-property limits within a given chemical design space. To-date, only a small number of studies have been reported in which quantum chemical calculations are used in a high-throughput fashion to compute properties and screen for optimal materials solutions. However, with time, high-throughput computational screening will become central to advanced materials research.
In this presentation, the use of high-throughput quantum chemistry to analyze and screen a materials structure library is demonstrated for Li-Ion battery additives based on ethylene carbonate (EC).
Introducing higher dielectric constant (k > 10) insulators [mainly transition metal (TM) oxides] is therefore indispensable for the 70 nm technology node and beyond
TM silicates such as HfSiOx have been preferred because they have better thermal stability compared to their oxides. The dielectric constant of TM silicates is less than TM oxides but higher than silicon oxide.
SOFC is like a battery but better: Solution for every Automakers. Fuel cell is an electro chemical cell in which chemical energy of fuel is directly converted into electrical energy.
In this work, I am showing a faithful atomistic process of estimating the oxygen migration energetics within BSCF, oxygen migration energy exhibit a strong dependence on different local atomic structures of this doped perovskites. In addition, DFT calculations exhibit the reason of cubic phase stability of this doped perovskite in variable oxygen concentration.
Electrode - Electrolyte Interface Studies in Lithium BatteriesMarine Cuisinier
Compilation of studies conducted at the Institut des Matériaux de Nantes under the supervision of Dr. Dominique Guyomard between 2008 and 2012.
Focused on solid-state NMR to characterize interphases between positive electrode and electrolyte.
Introducing higher dielectric constant (k > 10) insulators [mainly transition metal (TM) oxides] is therefore indispensable for the 70 nm technology node and beyond
TM silicates such as HfSiOx have been preferred because they have better thermal stability compared to their oxides. The dielectric constant of TM silicates is less than TM oxides but higher than silicon oxide.
SOFC is like a battery but better: Solution for every Automakers. Fuel cell is an electro chemical cell in which chemical energy of fuel is directly converted into electrical energy.
In this work, I am showing a faithful atomistic process of estimating the oxygen migration energetics within BSCF, oxygen migration energy exhibit a strong dependence on different local atomic structures of this doped perovskites. In addition, DFT calculations exhibit the reason of cubic phase stability of this doped perovskite in variable oxygen concentration.
Electrode - Electrolyte Interface Studies in Lithium BatteriesMarine Cuisinier
Compilation of studies conducted at the Institut des Matériaux de Nantes under the supervision of Dr. Dominique Guyomard between 2008 and 2012.
Focused on solid-state NMR to characterize interphases between positive electrode and electrolyte.
Pitfalls of product marketing and How Business Requirements Can Make Your Pro...Eliza Dumitrache
The presentation comprises elements of tracking sales and user behavior that are essential for a speedy and successful sales kick off, profitability and business development and the importance of involving the Marketing Department in product development.
Quels liens entre entreprises et communautés à l'ère numérique ? - 15marchesStéphane Schultz
Une communauté peut faire ou défaire une marque. Devenir un actif de votre entreprise ou son pire ennemi. Porter sa croissance ou la détruire. La révéler et la fédérer devraient être des activités stratégiques de votre entreprise. Comment encourager un dialogue constructif non seulement avec mais aussi entre utilisateurs ? À l'ère où les technologies sont accessibles à tous, les clés du succès des entreprises - qu'elles soient commerciales, associatives ou politiques - dépendront la capacité à établir ce nouveau type de relations. Conférence au 7ème Forum des Usages Coopératifs de Brest - juillet 2016
> Discovery of LaCl3:Ce, LaBr3:Ce led to a new era in halide scintillator research
- CeBr3, SrI2:Eu, Tl2LaCl5:Ce, others
- Elpasolites (CLYC, CLLBC, Tl-elpasolites)
Li-containing elpasolites provide combined gamma-neutron detection, with chlorides adding fast neutron spectroscopic capabilities
> Several new scintillators provide gamma-resolution of ≤3% (FWHM)
> Modulation of proportionality a new trend in scintillator optimization
> Organic crystals, plastics and organic-inorganic composites with gamma-neutron PSD attractive for multimode, low cost, large systems
> Ceramic scintillators promising for high energy radiography and PET
> Commercialization of some of the promising candidates underway.
Dr. Charles Lee presents an overview of his program, Organic Materials Chemistry, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Investigation into the design and application of solid core stationary phases has led to a better understanding of how the phases work and has resulted in their design aligned to the structure of the analytes being separated. The current range of columns available is discussed both in terms of selectivities, and also morphologies, allowing informed decisions to be made by the chromatographer. Using real life examples, coupled with advanced modeling, the effects of the particle size and morphology will be given for both small and large molecules, offering an insight into what the future holds for solid core products.
A presentation on Diamond-like Carbon Thin Film with Controlled Zeta Potential for Medical Application made by Deepak Rajput. It was presented as a course requirement at the University of Tennessee Space Institute in Fall 2008.
http://www.surfacetreatments.it/thinfilms
Plasma Etching of Niobium surfaces: Studies on samples and Single-Cell Cavities (AnneMarie Valente - 30')
Speaker: AnneMarie Valente - Jefferson Lab - Newport News (VA) USA | Duration: 30 min.
Abstract
Plasma based surface modification provides an excellent opportunity to eliminate impurities and defects in the penetration depth region of Nb SRF cavity surfaces. It also allows a better control of the final SRF surface as final surface modifications like oxidation or nitridation can be done in the same process cycle.
In the framework of a collaboration between ODU and Jefferson Lab, we are pursuing the use of environmentally friendly dry etching of SRF cavity in an Ar/Cl2 discharge. The experimental conditions in the microwave glow discharge system with a barrel-type reactor have been optimized. The viability of plasma etching as an alternative surface preparation method for bulk Nb surfaces has been demonstrated on flat samples by achieving etching rates comparable to wet processes, such as BCP or EP.
The optimized experimental conditions are now being applied to the preparation of single cell cavities. The geometry of SRF cavities made of bulk Nb defines the use of asymmetric RF discharge configuration for plasma etching. The asymmetry in the surface area of a driven and grounded electrode creates a difference in the voltage drop over the plasma sheath attached to the driven electrode and the plasma sheath attached to the cavity surface. A specially designed single cell cavity with sample holders is used to study these asymmetric discharges. The sample holder ports can be used for both diagnostics and sample etching purposes. The approach is to combine radially and spectrally resolved profiles of optical intensity of the discharge with direct etched surface diagnostics to obtain an optimum combination of etching rates, roughness and homogeneity in a variety of discharge types, conditions and sequences.
What is CAF?
A growth consisting of a conductive copper-containing salt. It is created electrochemically and grows from the anode toward the cathode subsurface along the epoxy/glass interface.
Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) formation does happen
o When it happens, it can cause a lot of pain
CAF behavior is relatively stable
o Limited change in key PCB technology (pitch, materials,
assembly)
CAF mitigation is well known (execute it!)
o Evaluate your designs
o Qualify your suppliers
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Connecting the Dots
1990 - 2002
Conducting
Conjugated
Polymers,
PPV for
OLEDs.
2003 -
2007
Toners &
Cartridge
Recycling
2008 - 2011
Solid
Electrolytes/
Ionic Liquids
for Li
batteries.
2011 - 2014
Printed
Organic
Electronics.
Graphene
Supercaps.
3. Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech
Stanford University, 2005
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened
if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
It was awful-tasting medicine,
but I guess the patient needed it.
Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick.
Don't lose faith.
I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was
that I loved what I did.
You've got to find what you love.
And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers.
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and
the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.
And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle.
As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.
And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.
So keep looking until you find it.
Don't settle.
4. Dendrite Formation in Li batteries
•“Good” SEI formation allows Li+
to diffuse in and out of the anode.
•“Bad” SEI does not allow the flow
of Li+ in and out of the anode due
to both thickness issues as well as
a different chemical makeup
compared to good SEI. Dendritic
growth of metallic Li shorts the
battery after reaching the
cathode.
5. Block Copolymers as Solid Electrolytes
Seeo Inc.
PATTERNS APLENTY
These TEM images show
various morphologies of
polystyrene-
poly(ethylene oxide)
copolymers, doped with
salts, that can be used in
advanced batteries.
Understanding the
factors that control
polymer structure and
ionic conductivity is key
to exploiting these
materials.
PS = red, black & white; PEO = green; salt = blue.
Credit: Nitash Balsara, UC Berkeley (Founder of Seeo Inc)
6. Mechanism of Dendrite Formation
in Li metal Batteries
Synchrotron hard X-ray microtomography experiments on
symmetric lithium–polymer–lithium cells cycled at 90 °C
Credit: Nitash Balsara, UC Berkeley
7. Block Copolymers as Solid Electrolytes
(2008-2011)
Mw = 100K or 200K
50% triblock
No homopolymers
•Anionic polymers can be easily isolated in high purity
•ATRP polymers have ionic and homopolymer impurities and weak ester groups.
•Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP)
s-BuLi EO
(CH2CH2O)(CH2 CH)
PEG OHHO
Br
O
Br
PEG OO
O
Br
O
Br CuCl2
Me6TREN
(CH2CH2O)(CH2 CH) (CH2 CH)
s-BuLi EO
Br Br
(CH2CH2O)(CH2 CH) (CH2 CH)
<50% triblock
8. Block/Comb Polymers as Electrolyte
D3V
(CH2 CH) (Si
CH3
O)
s-BuLi
Si O SiH CH2CH2R
1-3
(CH2 CH) (Si
CH3
O)
Si O Si CH2CH2RPt cat
Si O SiH H
R
Rh
Si O SiH CH2CH2R
•A powerful modular synthesis of functional block copolymers.
•Achieved quantitative grafting for many pendant groups.
•Wide range of R groups have been incorporated.
•Purification was most challenging, but was solved.
•Highest conductivity achieved is 10-4 S/cm
•A new class of hydrogel materials.
(Si
CH3
H
O) (Si
CH3
O)
R
R
(Si
CH3
O) (Si
CH3
O)
Si O Si CH2CH2R
9. Siloxane Liquid Electrolytes
•Low MW liquid electrolytes
•High Li ionic conductivity
•Reduced flammability
Si (O Si)n
R
R
Si (O Si)n
R
Si (O Si)n
R1
R2
Si (O Si)n
R2
10. Synthesis of Ionic Liquids
N
NR1
R1
R3+
CF3-SO2-N--SO2CF3
X- N+
X-
B-
O
O
O
O
-Commercial materials not stable and did not give much
improvement on conductivity.
-Chemistry is straight forward, but purification was more involved.
-One of the ionic liquid gave 10X improvement of conductivity of a
solid electrolyte to 7 x 10-4 S/cm
X- =
13. Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield (SHES)
Mechanism
•SEI layer will form once Li metal
contact liquid electrolyte.
•Li ions can diffuse through SEI layer
and deposit on Li surface
•SHES additives (such as Cs ions) will
stay outside of SEI layer
•Formation and stability of SEI layer
are the main factors affecting the
Coulombic efficiency of Li
deposition/stripping processes.
15. Traditional Offset vs Dali (Digital offset)
Thin silicone layer
Substrate
FS
FSFS
FSFS
0)
1)
2)
3)
Hydrophilic
nonimage area
Hydrophobic image area
200nm
Printing
Plate
16. C CH2
OO
(CH2)2
O
O CH
HC
CH CH2
OO
(CH2)2
O
R'O
R
Printed p-OTFT Designs
(2012-2014)
OSC
PEN
Silicon oxynitride SiOxNy
Polyera B2000 etc
Ag Ag
Teflon Dielectric Layer
Ag
Nafion
Contact Modification Layer:
F4-TCNQ
NC CN
NC CN
F
F
F
F
S
S
F F
Si(C2H5)3
Si(C2H5)3
N
CH3
CH3
Nafion
Mobility: 0.04 – 0.2 cm2/Vs (Lit: 1.0 cm2/Vs)
ON/OFF ratio: 500-1000 (Lit: 10,000)
Mobility improved to > 1.0 cm2/Vs using a p-type polymer
2F-TES
ADT
PTAA
B2000
17. Printed n-OTFT Issues
PEN
Silicon oxynitride SiOxNy
Polyera B2000 etc
Ag Ag
Teflon Dielectric Layer
Ag
Nafion (1)Polyera N3000
(2)Serious coffee ring issue.
(3)Low mobility for printed n-TFT: 0.01 cm2/Vs
(5 – 100X lower than p-TFT).
SMOS designs requires similar charge mobility
In both p- and n-type TFTs.
N3000 with polymethystyrene P-typeN-1200 (PDI)
18. CMOS Design by Pairing
CNT with SolGel Metal Oxide
• We demonstrated high mobility all printed p-
TFT based on CNT (1 – 5 cm2/Vs). Using
Polythiophene wrapped CNT inks from Zhenan
Bao’s group.
• We demonstrated high mobility all printed sol gel
metal oxide TFT (10-40 cm2/Vs) on glass.
• Beginning of 2014, the silver nanoparticle ink
from Cabot and Sun Chemicals was discontinued.
• Move onto Graphene.
21. What is a Supercapacitor (SC)?
Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)
1/CT = 1/CA + 1/CB
When CA = CB = C
CT = C/2
𝐸 =
1
4
𝐶𝑉2 =
𝟏
𝟒
(εrε0A/L)V2
P = V2/4R =
𝑉2
4
𝐴
ρ𝐿
Both High energy and Power density requires
(1) High voltage electrolyte materials,
(2) Large electrode surface,
(3) Short Ion diffusion length
High Power density requires
(4) Low resistance electrode material
22. A Typical sandwich-SC (SSC) Cell Assembly
Positive Pole
Negative Pole
Separator
Carbon Electrode
Current Collector
Carbon Electrode
Safety Vent
Sealing Disk
Aluminum Can
Type of Electrolytes:
• Aqueous electrolytes: PVA/H2SO4/H2O (small voltage window of 1.3V)
• Organic electrolytes: N+(Et)4
.BF4
-/CH3CN (large voltage window of 2.5V)
• Ionic Liquids: High voltage window of >4.5V
• Solid state electrolytes
23. Sandwich SC vs In-plan MSC
C ∝ 𝑊 𝑒/𝑊𝑠
C ∝ 𝑡2
t 𝑠 = 20 – 30 µm; t1 = 20-200 µm
C ∝ 𝑡1
𝑡1↑, ion diffusion length ↑,
Charging rate ↓, P ↓
24. Graphene Sandwich vs. In-plan MSC
Substrate
Activated Carbon vs Graphene
Substrate- - -
+ + +
_
_
_
_
_
+
_
_
_
_+
_
-
+
+
Advantages of Graphene for in plan MSCs:
(1) Most conducting of all carbon forms,
(2) large electrode surface
(3) Short Ion diffusion path for superior
frequency response and rate capability (in-plane
ion transport)
(4) high capacitance
+ + + - - -
25. Why Graphene SCs?
• Graphene based MSC showed equal to or higher E density than Li ion batteries.
• 104 X greater in power density than Li ion batteries.
• Rapid charging rate (several seconds) vs > 1h in Li ion batteries.
• >200X greater in cycles life than Li ion batteries.
• Much cheaper and safer than Li ion batteries.
26. Rapidly Up-Trending in SCs and Graphene
$3.5B in 2020
SC market to show
3-4X increase in 5 yrs
Graphene market to show
4-5X increase in 5 yrs
27. Manufacturing Methods of Graphene
GrapheneQuality&Cost
Scalability
Chemical Structure of
Graphene Oxide (GO)
(an insulator).
Greaphene based materials have
become “THE” material Platform
for a wide range of applications
28. Graphene SC and MSC via Direct Laser Writing –
The UCLA approach
•LS line resolution is ~20 µm.
•Graphene oxide layer (3 µm, 10-3 S/cm)
expanded to 7.6 µm (7K layers) after laser
exposure. High conductivity of 2350 S/cm
•No current collector used in both SSC and
MSC.
30. Ragone Plots of graphene SSCs vs MSCs
• Although LSG is 500X thicker than MPG, the LSG-MSC and the MPG-MSC show similar performance
characteristics, indicating superior performance for the MPG-MSC. This could be due to the use of Au
current collector, and increased ion transport with the absence of GO interspatial layer in the MPG-MSC.
• GO is relatively unstable as compare to graphene.
• The energy density of these graphene MSCs are similar to the commercial thin film lithium ion batteries
while maintaining 4 orders of magnitude higher in power density.
Substrate
LSG LSG LSG
330 µm
150 µm
Substrate
AuAuAu
200 µm 200 µm 200 µm70 µm 70 µm
7.6 µm
15 nm
3 µm
Graphene oxide
UCLA – LightScribed GO Max Plank – Mathane Plasma reduced GO
31. Direct Printing: from MSC to Large SC
Direct printing of graphene oxide inks onto a substrate followed by radiation.
Direct printing methods: inkjet, Gravure, flexo, waterless offset, or
Microcontact, followed by optional printing of current collectors
Direct printing should be superior than direct laser writing:
(1) A high throughput manufacturing process which could enable large SC at low cost.
(2) Enhanced stability, reduced leakage current, improved ion transport due to the
avoidance of graphene oxide interspatial layer.
Inkjet printed graphene oxide Inkjet printed graphene Gravuer graphene
Thin Plastic Substrate
Graphene
AgAgAg
Graphene Graphene
Thin Plastic Substrate
Graphene Graphene Graphene
32. • GO synthesis via a modified Hummers route established. GO concentration up to
6.0g/L was prepared.
• We casted GO films of various thickness (1 – 10 µm) on PET.
Free Standing, highly flexible graphene oxide papers (20-60 µm)
have been prepared by suction filtration. These GO papers can be
used to prepare higher concentration GO inks.
• High power 980nm laser (50W) obliterated GO films; while
LightScribe laser (780 nm, 47mW) failed to reduce our GO films.
• 266nm laser effectively reduced GO film.
1cm2 areas written with the 266nm laser.
Resistivity of 100, 20, and 10k Ω respectively
404nm
455nm
266nm
Preliminary Results up to June 2014
Editor's Notes
In conventional offset lithographic printing, an imaging plate that consists of hydrophobic image area and hydrophilic nonimage area is fabricated. When brought into contact with the water roller, the nonimage hydrophilic area acquires a thin water layer while the hydrophobic image area repels it to form a latent image. Inking takes place only in the dry hydrophobic image area to developed the latent image. The image was then transferred onto a blanket roller and then onto paper.
In Dali, we have only one imaging plate cylinder.