This document summarizes a study on printed RFID antennas. It describes how RFID works using a reader and tag. The author printed two types of RFID antennas - one for high frequency and one for ultra-high frequency - on flexible substrates using silver and graphite conductive inks via screen printing. Electrical measurements and antenna simulations were performed on the printed antennas. The results showed that graphite paste produced antennas with higher resistance but better printing quality for high frequency applications, while printing quality was less important for ultra-high frequency antennas.

1. BY:
NITA SAMANTARAY
ROLL NO-130935003
PRINTING AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
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WHAT IS RFID ?
HOW RFID WORK?
WHAT IS PRINTED RFID?
INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC
EXPERIMENT DONE
RESULTS OF SIMULATION
RESULTS OF MEASUREMENT
SCOPE FOR RESEARCH
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
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Radio Frequency Identification Device.
It consists of a Reader and a Tag.
Reader is non volatile in nature.
No contact between reader and a tag.
Enables individual tracking.
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The antenna patterns are printed on a
substrate.
Conductive inks are used for printing the
patterns.
Low cost.
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In Printed Electronics two types of printing
technology is often used : Screen printing &
ink jet.
In this study screen printing is used.
RFID tags were printed on flexible substrates
using silver and graphite pastes.
Two antennas working in HF and UHF
frequency range was compared.
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A Semi-automatic printer accucoat 3230 with
polyester mesh screen was employed.
Two antenna patterns:
1. HF : 40*40 mm
2. UHF: Bow-tie
(a=43mm,b=42.5mm,
c=3.5m,d=2mm,e=3mm)
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Curing condition for silver paste:
120 degree celsius for 15 minutes.
Curing condition for graphite paste:
150 degree celsius for 30 minutes.
Thickness :125 micro meter.
Properties were estimated using following
equipments:
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Radiation pattern and reflection coefficient
were simulated using CST.
For UHF antenna:
Simulation radiation pattern is presented in
terms of directivity.
DIRECTIVITY: narrowness of radiated beam.
A minimum of reflection coefficient (-34 db)
was found for 856 MHz.
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12. FOR HF ANTENNA:
PRINTING PARAMETERS:
 HF antenna has small (about 320 micro
meter)spacing between antenna tracks.
 A profile of printed antenna track was measured
using optical profilometer.
 Average roughness of track:
Silver paste(156 micro meter)> graphite
paste(116 micrometer)
 So better result is obtained from resistive paste.
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ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS:
For HF antenna resistance is one of the most
important electrical parameter.
It is connected to Q-factor:
Q= w*L/R
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15. FOR UHF ANTENNA:
PRINTING PARAMETERS:
 The corner of an antenna often cause
problems by printing.
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16. ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS:
 Resistance is measured using two point probe
method.
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Resistance of :
Graphite >silver>copper
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It was observed that the printing quality of
printed HF antenna depends on a type of
used material . better results were obtained
from graphite pastes.
HF Silver antenna has lower resistance.
Printing quality is not so important for UHF
antennas because it has no tracks with small
width.
Graphite did not work well because of high
resistance.
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Wireless
Store data on a tag
Can be hidden
Work in harsh environments
Low cost: if we are using its printed
equivalents.
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Livestock Tagging
Wild Animal Tracking
Automated Toll Collection
Security
Smart Grocery Store
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RFID & Smart Labels Magazine
Subjects of print
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadget
s/high-tech-gadgets/rfid.htm
http://www.rfidjournal.com/
http://www.printedelectronicsworld.com/
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arn
umber=5642844
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22. RFID : Cow Jewellery –
or – Revolution
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