Management involves administering and coordinating organizational resources to achieve goals. Henri Fayol identified key functions of management as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He proposed 14 principles of management including division of labor, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, and subordination of individual interests. These principles provide guidance for managers in training, decision-making, and effective organization.

1. D.PADMA SHEELA
Assistant Professor of Commerce
E.M.G Yadava Women’s College
Madurai-14.

2.  Management (or managing) is the administration
of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-
for-profit organization, or government body.
 Management includes the activities of setting
the strategy of an organization and coordinating
the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to
accomplish its objectives through the application
of available resources, such
as financial, natural, technological, and human
resources. The term "management" may also refer
to those people who manage an organization -
managers.

3.  Henri Fayol (1841-1925) stated: "to manage is to forecast
and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and
to control.“
 Management is included[by whom?] as one of the factors
of production – along with machines, materials and
money.
 Ghislain Deslandes defines management as "a vulnerable
force, under pressure to achieve results and endowed
with the triple power of constraint, imitation and
imagination, operating on subjective, interpersonal,
institutional and environmental levels"
 Peter Drucker (1909–2005) saw the basic task of
management as twofold: marketing and innovation.
Nevertheless, innovation is also linked to marketing
(product innovation is a central strategic marketing
issue) Peter Drucker identifies marketing as a key
essence for business success, but management and
marketing are generally understood[by whom? as two

4.  The characteristics of management are:
 Goal-oriented
 Pervasive
 Multi-dimensional
 Continuous process
 Group activity
 Dynamic function

5.  Goal-oriented process
An essential aspect of management is to
combine individual efforts and direct them
towards achieving organizational goals.
 Pervasive
Management is a requirement and essential for
the functioning of all kinds of organisations-
social, economic or political.
 Continuous Process
These are- planning, organizing, directing,
staffing and controlling. As a matter of fact, a
manager performs all these functions
simultaneously.

6.  Continuous Process
These are- planning, organizing, directing, staffing
and controlling. As a matter of fact, a manager
performs all these functions simultaneously.
 Group Activity
An organisation consists of a large number of
individuals having different reasons and purposes
to join. Again these individual differ based on their
needs and behaviours.
 Dynamic Function
An organisation has to adapt to the environment in
order to succeed. Thus management is dynamic in
nature and adapts to the ever-changing social,
economic and political conditions.

7.  Improves Understanding
From the knowledge of principles managers get
indication on how to manage an organization. The
principles enable managers to decide what should
be done to accomplish given tasks and to handle
situations which may arise in management. These
principles make managers more efficient.
 Direction for Training of Managers
Principles of management provide
understanding of management process what
managers would do to accomplish what. Thus,
these are helpful in identifying the areas of
management in which existing & future managers
should be trained.

8.  Role of Management
Management principles makes the role of managers
concrete. Therefore these principles act as ready
reference to the managers to check whether their
decisions are appropriate. Besides these principles
define managerial activities in practical terms. They tell
what a manager is expected to do in specific situation.
 Guide to Research in Management
The body of management principles indicate lines
along which research should be undertaken to make
management practical and more effective. The
principles guide managers in decision making and
action. The researchers can examine whether the
guidelines are useful or not. Anything which makes
management research more exact & pointed will help
improve management practice.

9. 1. Division of Work
Henri believed that segregating work in the
workforce amongst the worker will enhance the
quality of the product. Similarly, he also concluded
that the division of work improves the
productivity, efficiency, accuracy and speed of the
workers. This principle is appropriate for both the
managerial as well as a technical work level.
2. Authority and Responsibility
These are the two key aspects of
management. Authority facilitates the
management to work efficiently, and responsibility
makes them responsible for the work done under
their guidance or leadership.

10. 3. Discipline
Without discipline, nothing can be accomplished. It
is the core value for any project or any management.
Good performance and sensible interrelation make the
management job easy and comprehensive.
4. Unity of Command
This means an employee should have only one boss
and follow his command. If an employee has to follow
more than one boss, there begins a conflict of interest
and can create confusion.
5. Unity of Direction
Whoever is engaged in the same activity should
have a unified goal. This means all the person working
in a company should have one goal and motive which
will make the work easier and achieve the set goal
easily.

11. 6. Subordination of Individual Interest
This indicates a company should work united
towards the interest of a company rather than
personal interest. Be subordinate to the purposes
of an organization.
7. Remuneration
This plays an important role in motivating the
workers of a company. Remuneration can be
monetary or non-monetary
8. Centralization
In any company, the management or any authority
responsible for the decision-making process
should be neutral. However, this depends on the
size of an organization. Henri Fayol stressed on the
point that there should be a balance between the
hierarchy and division of power.

12. 9. Scalar Chain
Fayol on this principle highlights that the
hierarchy steps should be from the top to the
lowest.
10. Order
A company should maintain a well-defined work
order to have a favorable work culture.
11. Equity
All employees should be treated equally and
respectfully. It’s the responsibility of a manager
that no employees face discrimination.
12. Stability
An employee delivers the best if they feel secure in
their job. It is the duty of the management to offer
job security to their employees.

13. 13.Initiative
The management should support and encourage
the employees to take initiatives in an
organization.
14. Esprit de Corps
 It is the responsibility of the management to
motivate their employees and be supportive of
each other regularly. Developing trust and mutual
understanding will lead to a positive outcome and
work environment.
 This 14 principles of management are used to
manage an organization and are beneficial for
prediction, planning, decision-making,
organization and process management, control
and coordination.