2.  These principles should be applied to
formal test
 These all are used to evaluate an
existing, previously published, or created
test.

3.  PRACTICALITY
 RELIABILITY
 VALIDITY
 AUTHENTICITY
 WASHBACK

4.  Practicality is an effective test.
 It means that :
› * it is not expensive
› * stays within appropriate time constrain
› * easy to administer
› * has evaluation procedure

5.  A reliability test is consistent and
dependable.
 The factors that may contribute to
unreliability of a test are
› * Student-related reliability
› * Rater reliability
› * Test administration
› * Test reliability

6.  Validity is the most important principle
among the others.
 The evidence of validity
› * Content-related evidence
› * Criterion-related evidence
› * Construct-related evidence
› * Consequential-related evidence
› * Face validity

7.  It is the degree of correspondent of the
characteristics of a given language test
task to the features of a target language
task.

8.  The language as natural as possible
 Items are contextualized rather than
isolated
 Topic must be interesting for learners
 Thematic organization to items is
provided.
 Task represent, approximate closely, or
real-work task.

9.  Washback refers to the effect of testing
on teaching and learning.
 Washback enhances a number of basic
principle of language acquisition.
 Washback may help students through a
specification of the numerical score on
various test.

10.  Are the test procedures practical?
 Is the test reliable?
 Does the procedure demonstrate content
validity?
 Is the procedure face valid and biased for
test?
 Are the task as authentic as possible?
 Does the test offer beneficial washback to
the learner?