Primate growing up with half the calories: New understanding about human health and longevity
•
1 like•334 views
New research shows that humans and other primates burn 50% fewer calories each day than other mammals. The study, published January 13 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that these remarkably slow metabolisms explain why humans and other primates grow up so slowly and live such long lives.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Food chains
This document discusses food chains and food webs. A food chain shows how energy passes from one organism to another, starting with producers like plants using sunlight, then consumers that eat the producers or other consumers, and ending with decomposers that break down waste. A food web is more complex than a food chain, showing how multiple food chains interconnect through different organisms consuming each other and being consumed.
Food Chains and Food WEB
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as the transfer of matter and energy from one organism to another through eating relationships. A food chain has producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers make their own food, consumers eat other organisms, and decomposers break down dead organisms. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and how different species interact with and depend on one another. Understanding food chains and food webs is important for appreciating ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity.
Differences between food chains & food webs in ecosystem
This document compares food webs and food chains. It explains that a food chain shows a single, linear pathway of organisms eating one another, starting with a producer like grass and ending with a top predator like a hawk. A food web is more complex, showing multiple possible feeding relationships and pathways through an ecosystem. It provides the example of a hawk that may prey on mice, squirrels or frogs, rather than just the single organism depicted in a food chain.
Food chain
The document discusses food chains and how energy passes between organisms. It asks questions about what the source of energy is for plants, why plants need energy, what happens to the energy stored in plants when animals eat them, and how the process of energy passing from one organism to another is shown. It defines that in a food chain, plants are the producers as they can make their own food, while animals are consumers as they cannot make their own food and obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Food chain group 3-9 f
A food chain shows how organisms obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms. Food chains begin with autotrophs, like plants, that produce their own food. Herbivores then eat the plants, and carnivores eat the herbivores or other carnivores. This continues with increasing trophic levels until reaching top predators with no natural predators. At each level some energy is lost, with decreasing amounts of energy being passed to higher levels.
Science 7 notes glb lab 04b food chains and food webs
The document discusses food chains and webs. It defines key terms like producer, consumer, decomposer and explains how energy transfers through a food chain from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers and then decomposers. It also explains that multiple interconnected food chains make up a food web and discusses how removing a link in a chain or web can impact populations.
Marine food chain
This document summarizes marine food chains and webs. It defines a food chain as the linear path of energy transfer between organisms, with producers, consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are more complex diagrams showing all feeding relationships. Phytoplankton are primary producers that are eaten by copepods, which are eaten by herring. Ocean food webs vary in efficiency, trophic levels, and primary productivity. Primary productivity is due to photosynthesis, while secondary productivity is from consumer organisms.
Law of thermodynamics or food chain JNVU
SIMPLE AND EASY LANGUAGE WITH WITH MORE ATTRACTIVE COLOUR BASED ON TOPIC OF SIDE.. AND CLEAR PICTURES OF FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB.
Recommended
Food chains
This document discusses food chains and food webs. A food chain shows how energy passes from one organism to another, starting with producers like plants using sunlight, then consumers that eat the producers or other consumers, and ending with decomposers that break down waste. A food web is more complex than a food chain, showing how multiple food chains interconnect through different organisms consuming each other and being consumed.
Food Chains and Food WEB
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as the transfer of matter and energy from one organism to another through eating relationships. A food chain has producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers make their own food, consumers eat other organisms, and decomposers break down dead organisms. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and how different species interact with and depend on one another. Understanding food chains and food webs is important for appreciating ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity.
Differences between food chains & food webs in ecosystem
This document compares food webs and food chains. It explains that a food chain shows a single, linear pathway of organisms eating one another, starting with a producer like grass and ending with a top predator like a hawk. A food web is more complex, showing multiple possible feeding relationships and pathways through an ecosystem. It provides the example of a hawk that may prey on mice, squirrels or frogs, rather than just the single organism depicted in a food chain.
Food chain
The document discusses food chains and how energy passes between organisms. It asks questions about what the source of energy is for plants, why plants need energy, what happens to the energy stored in plants when animals eat them, and how the process of energy passing from one organism to another is shown. It defines that in a food chain, plants are the producers as they can make their own food, while animals are consumers as they cannot make their own food and obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Food chain group 3-9 f
A food chain shows how organisms obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms. Food chains begin with autotrophs, like plants, that produce their own food. Herbivores then eat the plants, and carnivores eat the herbivores or other carnivores. This continues with increasing trophic levels until reaching top predators with no natural predators. At each level some energy is lost, with decreasing amounts of energy being passed to higher levels.
Science 7 notes glb lab 04b food chains and food webs
The document discusses food chains and webs. It defines key terms like producer, consumer, decomposer and explains how energy transfers through a food chain from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers and then decomposers. It also explains that multiple interconnected food chains make up a food web and discusses how removing a link in a chain or web can impact populations.
Marine food chain
This document summarizes marine food chains and webs. It defines a food chain as the linear path of energy transfer between organisms, with producers, consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are more complex diagrams showing all feeding relationships. Phytoplankton are primary producers that are eaten by copepods, which are eaten by herring. Ocean food webs vary in efficiency, trophic levels, and primary productivity. Primary productivity is due to photosynthesis, while secondary productivity is from consumer organisms.
Law of thermodynamics or food chain JNVU
SIMPLE AND EASY LANGUAGE WITH WITH MORE ATTRACTIVE COLOUR BASED ON TOPIC OF SIDE.. AND CLEAR PICTURES OF FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB.
Food chain
This document provides information about food chains. It begins by defining a food chain as a sequence of organisms through which energy flows as each organism obtains energy from the one below it in the chain. Producers, such as plants, are at the bottom of the food chain as they can produce their own food. Herbivores, as primary consumers, eat the producers. Carnivores eat herbivores or other carnivores. Omnivores both eat plants and other animals. Decomposers, like fungi and bacteria, break down waste and dead organisms, recycling nutrients in the ecosystem. The document includes examples of food chains and defines the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. It also
Rachellefabionar.powerpoint.foodchains
The document discusses food chains and how energy passes from producers to consumers. It explains that plants get energy from photosynthesis, and are eaten by herbivores as primary consumers. Carnivores that eat herbivores are secondary consumers, and carnivores that eat other carnivores are tertiary consumers. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Decomposers break down dead matter and release nutrients back into the food chain. The document provides examples of food chains and online resources for students to learn more.
Food chains and webs powerpoint
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines key terms like producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers. It explains that producers like plants make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms. Decomposers break down dead plants and animals, recycling nutrients. A food chain diagrams a single path of energy transfer, while a food web shows interconnected chains. Energy is lost at each trophic level, as shown in an energy pyramid.
Ecosystems
The document discusses key concepts relating to ecosystems, including the interactions between living and non-living components. It defines ecosystems as local communities that directly interact and exhibit interdependent relationships, compared to biomes which describe larger global communities. The document also outlines the flow of energy through ecosystems, including producers, consumers, and decomposers, and explains food chains, food webs, and the inefficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels.
Food Chain and Webs
A food chain shows how energy passes from producers like plants through consumers like herbivores and carnivores to decomposers. Producers make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot make their own food and include herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat other animals, and omnivores that eat both. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil. A food web connects multiple overlapping food chains to more accurately depict feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Food chain SMARTboard Lesson - Justine Foster
Originally created for a SMARTboard Lesson. This is a Food Chain lesson converted to power-point. Justine Foster
6yr 09 #12 Food Chains
This document discusses food chains and ecosystems. It defines a food chain as showing what eats what in an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes all the animals, plants, and their habitats that provide everything needed to sustain life. This particular food chain shows plants being eaten by slugs, slugs eaten by frogs, and frogs eaten by herons. Most food chains begin with a green plant that acts as a producer, making its own food. Animals that eat plants or other animals are consumers. Predators are animals that hunt and eat other animals, while prey are animals that are hunted and eaten. Energy flows through the food chain as each organism eats another to gain energy, keeping the ecosystem alive.
Food Chain to Food Web
- Food webs show the complex system of energy transfer between organisms in an ecosystem, with multiple interconnected food chains. Plants produce energy from the sun which is then consumed by herbivores or primary consumers, which are then consumed by secondary consumers like birds or lizards, ultimately ending with top predators like eagles.
- A food web diagram depicts these multiple overlapping food chains within an ecosystem, allowing energy to be transferred through different pathways from producers to various consumers. Tracing the food chains within a sample food web, there are five distinct pathways that all end with the eagle as the top predator.
Unit 3 lesson 1 food chains
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including producers, consumers, decomposers, food chains, and food webs. It provides examples of each trophic level and discusses how energy flows through ecosystems. Producers, like plants, capture energy from the sun that is then consumed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down dead organisms and waste. While nutrients cycle through the ecosystem, most energy is lost as heat at each trophic level, with only 10-15% transferred to the next level.
Food Chains & Webs
The document discusses food chains and trophic levels within ecosystems. It defines producers as autotrophs that create their own food through photosynthesis, such as grass. Primary consumers or herbivores, such as rabbits, eat the producers. Secondary consumers or carnivores, like hawks, consume the primary consumers. Decomposers such as bacteria break down dead organisms and cycle nutrients in the ecosystem. Most food chains interact forming complex food webs.
GloBI @ Berkeley Institute for Data Science Feb 5, 2015
Jorrit Poelen introduces Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI, http://globalbioticinteractions.org) at Berkeley Institute for Data Science (BIDS, http://bids.berkeley.edu/events/jorrit-poelen-global-biotic-interactions ).
Unit 3 food chain & food web
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It will teach how to classify animals based on what they eat, how to construct food chains and food webs for different habitats, and how to identify producers and consumers. It defines producers as plants that get energy from the sun, herbivores as animals that eat plants, carnivores as animals that eat other animals, and omnivores as animals that eat both plants and other animals. An example food chain of cow eating grass and then being eaten by a tiger is given. A food web connects multiple overlapping food chains in an ecosystem like an oil palm plantation.
Research POSTER
1) A study tested whether more active eastern fence lizards consumed more food by measuring the food consumption of lizards in their home enclosures after measuring their activity levels in an open field trial.
2) The results showed no significant relationship between activity levels and food consumption. Larger lizards and males consumed more food on average.
3) The correlation between activity levels and body size seen in previous studies is likely due to innate differences like growth rate rather than more active lizards eating more.
Ted Carmichael swarmfest 2015 presentation
The document summarizes a presentation on population dynamics models. It introduces a general ecosystem model with three trophic levels: food, prey (fish), and predators. The model assumes populations reproduce based on how much they eat and move randomly. Increasing the food supply leads to an increase in both prey and predator populations. The Red Queen Hypothesis suggests an evolutionary arms race between predators and prey. Reducing predator effectiveness, either success rate or time per turn, impacts evolutionary pressures on populations. Non-intuitive results can emerge even from simple models, highlighting average age and efficiency tradeoffs.
Jeopardy2014grade8
1) The document is a Jeopardy game with clues about human anatomy, chemistry, biology, and earth science.
2) The clues are answered by filling in blanks with terms like "digestive track", "heart", "stomach", and scientific concepts like elements, cells, and plate tectonics.
3) The game reviews topics across multiple disciplines through short multiple choice style clues and answers.
Jeopardy johnny del jesus
The document is a Jeopardy! game covering topics about human anatomy, chemistry, biology, and earth science. It includes clues in question format about the digestive system, heart, large intestine, stomach, peristalsis, sodium chloride, mixtures, water, oxygen, transition metals, chromosomes, cells, animalia, adaptation, phylum, genes, Mendel, tertiary consumers, earth's layers, tectonic plates, pressure in the earth's core, planets like Mercury, Mars, Earth, Pluto, and Jupiter.
food webs & food chains
This document discusses food webs and food chains. It defines a food chain as showing how each living thing gets its food, with some animals eating plants and others eating other animals. A food web is described as showing all the possible feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, and is made up of several interconnected food chains. The document outlines the key components of a food chain as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants get energy from the sun, consumers obtain food by hunting/gathering as they cannot produce their own, and decomposers and scavengers break down dead organisms.
the food web and food chain
Producers like plants are autotrophs that can produce their own food. There are three types of consumers - herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat meat, and omnivores that eat both plants and meat. Decomposers break down dead materials and waste to recycle nutrients back into the environment for producers. Together these organisms are linked in a feeding order of producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Populations
Competition for resources like food limits population size. Ecologists estimate population numbers using methods like trap-mark-release, where tagged animals are compared to untagged, and sample counts, which extrapolate animal numbers in a small area to a larger one. Limiting factors like lack of rain and food restrict population numbers, while carrying capacity is the maximum a habitat can support due to space and resources. Changes in populations are driven by birth and death rates and migration between areas.
Abhijith
This document provides information about a student teacher's lesson on food chains. It introduces the student teacher Saajan.S, supervising teacher Dr. Sharmila.S, school S.K.V H.S Nanniyode, subject of biology, topic of food chains, and unit of agriculture as a way of life. It then defines a food chain as a linear sequence in a food web starting with a producer species and ending with a decomposer, showing how organisms are related by what they eat. It further explains that a food chain demonstrates the transfer of food energy from one organism to another, typically starting with a producer like a plant, then to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
Be odivelasfinal2010
O documento fornece informações sobre as bibliotecas da Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares (RBE) no concelho de Odivelas. Apresenta a distribuição das bibliotecas pelas escolas do concelho agrupadas por agrupamentos, bem como o apoio financeiro no ano letivo de 2010/2011 para a requalificação e aquisição de fundo documental da biblioteca da Escola Básica 1 de Maria Máxima Vaz.
More Related Content
What's hot
Food chain
This document provides information about food chains. It begins by defining a food chain as a sequence of organisms through which energy flows as each organism obtains energy from the one below it in the chain. Producers, such as plants, are at the bottom of the food chain as they can produce their own food. Herbivores, as primary consumers, eat the producers. Carnivores eat herbivores or other carnivores. Omnivores both eat plants and other animals. Decomposers, like fungi and bacteria, break down waste and dead organisms, recycling nutrients in the ecosystem. The document includes examples of food chains and defines the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. It also
Rachellefabionar.powerpoint.foodchains
The document discusses food chains and how energy passes from producers to consumers. It explains that plants get energy from photosynthesis, and are eaten by herbivores as primary consumers. Carnivores that eat herbivores are secondary consumers, and carnivores that eat other carnivores are tertiary consumers. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Decomposers break down dead matter and release nutrients back into the food chain. The document provides examples of food chains and online resources for students to learn more.
Food chains and webs powerpoint
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines key terms like producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers. It explains that producers like plants make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms. Decomposers break down dead plants and animals, recycling nutrients. A food chain diagrams a single path of energy transfer, while a food web shows interconnected chains. Energy is lost at each trophic level, as shown in an energy pyramid.
Ecosystems
The document discusses key concepts relating to ecosystems, including the interactions between living and non-living components. It defines ecosystems as local communities that directly interact and exhibit interdependent relationships, compared to biomes which describe larger global communities. The document also outlines the flow of energy through ecosystems, including producers, consumers, and decomposers, and explains food chains, food webs, and the inefficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels.
Food Chain and Webs
A food chain shows how energy passes from producers like plants through consumers like herbivores and carnivores to decomposers. Producers make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot make their own food and include herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat other animals, and omnivores that eat both. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil. A food web connects multiple overlapping food chains to more accurately depict feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Food chain SMARTboard Lesson - Justine Foster
Originally created for a SMARTboard Lesson. This is a Food Chain lesson converted to power-point. Justine Foster
6yr 09 #12 Food Chains
This document discusses food chains and ecosystems. It defines a food chain as showing what eats what in an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes all the animals, plants, and their habitats that provide everything needed to sustain life. This particular food chain shows plants being eaten by slugs, slugs eaten by frogs, and frogs eaten by herons. Most food chains begin with a green plant that acts as a producer, making its own food. Animals that eat plants or other animals are consumers. Predators are animals that hunt and eat other animals, while prey are animals that are hunted and eaten. Energy flows through the food chain as each organism eats another to gain energy, keeping the ecosystem alive.
Food Chain to Food Web
- Food webs show the complex system of energy transfer between organisms in an ecosystem, with multiple interconnected food chains. Plants produce energy from the sun which is then consumed by herbivores or primary consumers, which are then consumed by secondary consumers like birds or lizards, ultimately ending with top predators like eagles.
- A food web diagram depicts these multiple overlapping food chains within an ecosystem, allowing energy to be transferred through different pathways from producers to various consumers. Tracing the food chains within a sample food web, there are five distinct pathways that all end with the eagle as the top predator.
Unit 3 lesson 1 food chains
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including producers, consumers, decomposers, food chains, and food webs. It provides examples of each trophic level and discusses how energy flows through ecosystems. Producers, like plants, capture energy from the sun that is then consumed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down dead organisms and waste. While nutrients cycle through the ecosystem, most energy is lost as heat at each trophic level, with only 10-15% transferred to the next level.
Food Chains & Webs
The document discusses food chains and trophic levels within ecosystems. It defines producers as autotrophs that create their own food through photosynthesis, such as grass. Primary consumers or herbivores, such as rabbits, eat the producers. Secondary consumers or carnivores, like hawks, consume the primary consumers. Decomposers such as bacteria break down dead organisms and cycle nutrients in the ecosystem. Most food chains interact forming complex food webs.
GloBI @ Berkeley Institute for Data Science Feb 5, 2015
Jorrit Poelen introduces Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI, http://globalbioticinteractions.org) at Berkeley Institute for Data Science (BIDS, http://bids.berkeley.edu/events/jorrit-poelen-global-biotic-interactions ).
Unit 3 food chain & food web
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It will teach how to classify animals based on what they eat, how to construct food chains and food webs for different habitats, and how to identify producers and consumers. It defines producers as plants that get energy from the sun, herbivores as animals that eat plants, carnivores as animals that eat other animals, and omnivores as animals that eat both plants and other animals. An example food chain of cow eating grass and then being eaten by a tiger is given. A food web connects multiple overlapping food chains in an ecosystem like an oil palm plantation.
Research POSTER
1) A study tested whether more active eastern fence lizards consumed more food by measuring the food consumption of lizards in their home enclosures after measuring their activity levels in an open field trial.
2) The results showed no significant relationship between activity levels and food consumption. Larger lizards and males consumed more food on average.
3) The correlation between activity levels and body size seen in previous studies is likely due to innate differences like growth rate rather than more active lizards eating more.
Ted Carmichael swarmfest 2015 presentation
The document summarizes a presentation on population dynamics models. It introduces a general ecosystem model with three trophic levels: food, prey (fish), and predators. The model assumes populations reproduce based on how much they eat and move randomly. Increasing the food supply leads to an increase in both prey and predator populations. The Red Queen Hypothesis suggests an evolutionary arms race between predators and prey. Reducing predator effectiveness, either success rate or time per turn, impacts evolutionary pressures on populations. Non-intuitive results can emerge even from simple models, highlighting average age and efficiency tradeoffs.
Jeopardy2014grade8
1) The document is a Jeopardy game with clues about human anatomy, chemistry, biology, and earth science.
2) The clues are answered by filling in blanks with terms like "digestive track", "heart", "stomach", and scientific concepts like elements, cells, and plate tectonics.
3) The game reviews topics across multiple disciplines through short multiple choice style clues and answers.
Jeopardy johnny del jesus
The document is a Jeopardy! game covering topics about human anatomy, chemistry, biology, and earth science. It includes clues in question format about the digestive system, heart, large intestine, stomach, peristalsis, sodium chloride, mixtures, water, oxygen, transition metals, chromosomes, cells, animalia, adaptation, phylum, genes, Mendel, tertiary consumers, earth's layers, tectonic plates, pressure in the earth's core, planets like Mercury, Mars, Earth, Pluto, and Jupiter.
food webs & food chains
This document discusses food webs and food chains. It defines a food chain as showing how each living thing gets its food, with some animals eating plants and others eating other animals. A food web is described as showing all the possible feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, and is made up of several interconnected food chains. The document outlines the key components of a food chain as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants get energy from the sun, consumers obtain food by hunting/gathering as they cannot produce their own, and decomposers and scavengers break down dead organisms.
the food web and food chain
Producers like plants are autotrophs that can produce their own food. There are three types of consumers - herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat meat, and omnivores that eat both plants and meat. Decomposers break down dead materials and waste to recycle nutrients back into the environment for producers. Together these organisms are linked in a feeding order of producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Populations
Competition for resources like food limits population size. Ecologists estimate population numbers using methods like trap-mark-release, where tagged animals are compared to untagged, and sample counts, which extrapolate animal numbers in a small area to a larger one. Limiting factors like lack of rain and food restrict population numbers, while carrying capacity is the maximum a habitat can support due to space and resources. Changes in populations are driven by birth and death rates and migration between areas.
Abhijith
This document provides information about a student teacher's lesson on food chains. It introduces the student teacher Saajan.S, supervising teacher Dr. Sharmila.S, school S.K.V H.S Nanniyode, subject of biology, topic of food chains, and unit of agriculture as a way of life. It then defines a food chain as a linear sequence in a food web starting with a producer species and ending with a decomposer, showing how organisms are related by what they eat. It further explains that a food chain demonstrates the transfer of food energy from one organism to another, typically starting with a producer like a plant, then to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
What's hot (20)
GloBI @ Berkeley Institute for Data Science Feb 5, 2015
GloBI @ Berkeley Institute for Data Science Feb 5, 2015
Viewers also liked
Be odivelasfinal2010
O documento fornece informações sobre as bibliotecas da Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares (RBE) no concelho de Odivelas. Apresenta a distribuição das bibliotecas pelas escolas do concelho agrupadas por agrupamentos, bem como o apoio financeiro no ano letivo de 2010/2011 para a requalificação e aquisição de fundo documental da biblioteca da Escola Básica 1 de Maria Máxima Vaz.
Qđ 3504 ubnd
The document outlines a recruitment plan for civil servants in Khanh Hoa Province for 2014. It proposes recruiting 18 civil servants for state administrative roles, 15 for document management and archives roles, 9 for legal roles, and 16 for administrative office roles. The recruitment will be conducted publicly, transparently and impartially by the Department of Home Affairs in coordination with the Department of Justice and the People's Committee Office. The plan aims to supplement staffing needs based on positions and qualifications.
Phần mềm quản lý nhân sự trực tuyến hướng dẫn chương16
Phần mềm là một tập hợp những câu lệnh được viết bằng một hoặc nhiều ngôn ngữ lập trình theo một trình tự xác định nhằm tự động thực hiện một số chức năng hoặc giải quyết một vấn đề tính toán nào đó. Phần mềm mang lại cho con người sự tự động hóa nhằm tiết kiệm thời gian đồng thời sản xuất phần mềm cũng mang tính cạnh tranh nhằm đưa nền công nghệ phát triển ngày một lớn mạnh hơn. Có thể phân loại phần mềm theo phương thức hoạt động như là phần mềm hệ thống (Windows, Linux, ...), phần mềm ứng dụng (office, ...), ... Ngày nay, các phần mềm liên quan đến nguồn nhân lực là một trong những vấn đề nổi trội, được sự quan tâm không chỉ của người sử dụng mà còn của các nhà đầu tư phát triển sản xuất phần mềm. Đây là một trong những loại hình phần mềm ứng dụng đang được lựa chọn để hỗ trợ cho các doanh nghiệp giải quyết những vấn đề vướng mắc hiện nay về nguồn nhân lực.
Revista Evolución en las Tecnologías
El documento presenta una revista digital sobre la evolución de la tecnología a través de las décadas. La revista cubrirá los inventos más importantes de cada década, sus características clave y cómo han moldeado la identidad tecnológica. Además, explorará las tecnologías del futuro para satisfacer la curiosidad sobre los desarrollos tecnológicos pasados y por venir. La revista estará disponible completamente en formato digital para reducir el impacto ambiental.
Agenda de cierre cpe Escuela Las Puentes sede
Agenda sobre culminación del evento, donde se dan a conocer los aprendizajes adquiridos en el uso o incorporación de las TICs
Fine arts ch 10 presentation
The document summarizes key aspects of Buddhism between 500 BC and 500 AD, including that Buddha did not claim divinity, practiced meditation, and his beliefs spread throughout Asia. It also describes the development of stupas as small round burial shrines holding Buddhist relics, and the concept of bodhisattvas as those who returned to provide wisdom after ignoring or postponing death.
TWITTER
Twitter es una red social creada en 2006 que permite a usuarios publicar mensajes cortos ("tweets") de hasta 140 caracteres. Se usa comúnmente para compartir actualizaciones personales, noticias y eventos. Los usuarios pueden seguir las cuentas de otros para ver sus tweets en una línea de tiempo.
Projecto etapa a etapa 2003
Este documento descreve as seis fases do desenvolvimento de um projeto escolar. 1) Escolha do tema e problema a investigar; 2) Descrição e caracterização da situação-problema; 3) Planeamento dos recursos, métodos e cronograma; 4) Coleta e análise de dados; 5) Produção de resultados; 6) Avaliação contínua do processo.
גלובס"-הערב 22-23 אוקטובר 2012"
מאירוע הוקרה שהתקיים ב- 18.10.2012 לכבוד חוקרים ישראלים שזכו במענקי מחקר מתוכניות המו"פ באירופה.
Yjm001 19
O documento é uma edição do jornal "Jornal Metas" de Gaspar/SC que contém notícias sobre: 1) Policiais reivindicando melhores salários; 2) Lions Clube de Gaspar completando 50 anos; 3) Festa para comemorar 10 anos da Pastoral da Criança em Gaspar.
Ym elite assignment 4.1 - phúc nghi
The document discusses how to develop an effective brand strategy and creative brief. It provides examples of how consumer insights can inform a brand's essence and big idea using LEGO and Axe as examples. The key aspects of a creative brief are outlined, including defining the creative challenge, audience, consumer insights, brand proposition, how the product delivers on the proposition, desired consumer response, tone of voice, and key performance indicators. The purpose of a creative brief is to inspire creative teams and turn strategic thinking into a story to develop an effective brand strategy and big idea.
Sistema respiratorio
La adicción al tabaco es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por la dependencia a la nicotina.
critica
Slideboom acepta efectos de presentación y es más rápido que otros programas debido a menos usuarios. Slideshare es más fácil de manejar que otros. Authorstream acepta presentaciones de PowerPoint y efectos, pero algunas descargas requieren pago y solo acepta archivos de PowerPoint.
Viewers also liked (20)
Phần mềm quản lý nhân sự trực tuyến hướng dẫn chương16
Phần mềm quản lý nhân sự trực tuyến hướng dẫn chương16
Similar to Primate growing up with half the calories: New understanding about human health and longevity
metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain
Humans have larger brains, higher reproductive output, and longer lifespans than other great apes, presenting an "energetic paradox" that requires more energy expenditure. This study found that:
1) Humans have higher total daily energy expenditure (TEE) than chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans, even after controlling for factors like body size and physical activity.
2) Much of the increased human TEE is due to a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR), indicating increased metabolic activity of organs.
3) Humans also have a greater percentage of body fat than other great apes.
The findings suggest humans evolved an "accelerated
Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docx
Scientific American November 13, 2002
Food for Thought
Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution
By William R. Leonard
We humans are strange primates.
We walk on two legs, carry around enormous brains and have colonized every
corner of the globe. Anthropologists and biologists have long sought to
understand how our lineage came to differ so profoundly from the primate norm
in these ways, and over the years all manner of hypotheses aimed at explaining
each of these oddities have been put forth. But a growing body of evidence
indicates that these miscellaneous quirks of humanity in fact have a common
thread: they are largely the result of natural selection acting to maximize dietary
quality and foraging efficiency. Changes in food availability over time, it seems,
strongly influenced our hominid ancestors. Thus, in an evolutionary sense, we
are very much what we ate.
Accordingly, what we eat is yet another way in which we differ from our primate
kin. Contemporary human populations the world over have diets richer in
calories and nutrients than those of our cousins, the great apes. So when and
how did our ancestors' eating habits diverge from those of other primates?
Further, to what extent have modern humans departed from the ancestral
dietary pattern?
Scientific interest in the evolution of human nutritional requirements has a long
history. But relevant investigations started gaining momentum after 1985, when
S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin J. Konner of Emory University published a seminal
paper in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled "Paleolithic Nutrition."
They argued that the prevalence in modern societies of many chronic diseases-
-obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, among them--is
the consequence of a mismatch between modern dietary patterns and the type
of diet that our species evolved to eat as prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Since
then, however, understanding of the evolution of human nutritional needs has
advanced considerably-- thanks in large part to new comparative analyses of
traditionally living human populations and other primates--and a more nuanced
picture has emerged. We now know that humans have evolved not to subsist on
a single, Paleolithic diet but to be flexible eaters, an insight that has important
implications for the current debate over what people today should eat in order to
be healthy.
To appreciate the role of diet in human evolution, we must remember that the
search for food, its consumption and, ultimately, how it is used for biological
processes are all critical aspects of an organism's ecology. The energy dynamic
between organisms and their environments--that is, energy expended in relation
to energy acquired--has important adaptive consequences for survival and
reproduction. These two components of Darwinian fitness are reflected in the
way we divide up an animal's energy budget. Maintenance energy is what
keeps an animal alive on a day-to-day basis. Productive e.
Encephalization – An Evolutionary Predisposition to Diabetes: A “Large Brain ...
Primates have proportionately three times larger brain as compared to that of other mammals of comparable size and humans, in turn, have three times larger brain as compared to that of all other primates of similar size. So we need to meet higher energy demands because brain is energetically expensive. This has a significant impact on our dietary patterns in addition to shaping of our body composition. Here we propose that our dietary patterns to meet our higher energy demands have been ultimately set by the instinct of higher energy intake and our larger brains have a stress effect on our metabolic organs (organs involved in energy metabolism like gut, liver, pancreas etc.). We discuss these two points from evolutionary (Evolutionary instinct) and physiological (Metabolic stress) point of view and argue that these two points explain the manifestation of diabetes primarily as a human disease and enhance our understanding of its mechanism.
M0566672
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Wings of change
This document discusses the research of Emilie Snell-Rood, who studies butterflies to better understand how organisms can adapt to changing environments. She examines how diet and nutrition can impact brain size, cognitive ability, and fitness. Specifically, she looks at how butterflies are affected by human-caused changes like increased nitrogen in soil from fertilizer and monoculture plantings. Understanding these adaptations could provide insights into responses to environmental change and human health issues.
Chapter 2- research involving animals .pptx
Researchers use animal models in research to understand human physiology, diseases, and develop new treatments. Animals are used because they share many biological similarities to humans despite differences in appearance. The 3Rs principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement guide researchers to replace animal use when possible, reduce the number of animals used, and refine experiments to minimize animal suffering. While some disagree with animal research, proponents argue it has advanced medical knowledge and led to treatments for conditions like polio, cystic fibrosis, and stroke.
week66.pdfP A R T I I ITheories ofEnvironmental.docx
week6/6.pdf
P A R T I I I
Theories of
Environmental Ethics
Copyright 201 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights,
some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially
affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 201 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights,
some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially
affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
6
Biocentric Ethics and the
Inherent Value of Life
DISCUSSION: Synthetic Biology and the Value of Life
Does life itself have inherent moral value?
Several criteria for moral standing were
examined in the previous chapter, includ-
ing sensation and being conscious. For
many observers, such attributes as sensa-
tion and consciousness themselves serve a
higher end of life, and therefore they
conclude that only life itself seems to be
plausible candidate for the inherent value
that moral standing implies. A “biocen-
tric” ethics is an approach that begins
with the inherent value of life as its
foundational principle of value.
The diversity of life on earth is amaz-
ingly complex. Biological science has been
categorizing animal and plant species
since before Aristotle began his taxonomy
of living organisms more than 2,000 years
ago. Current estimates suggest that more
than 1.4 million different species have
been scientifically categorized.1 But, these
categorized species represent only a small
percentage of the actual number of spe-
cies that exist. On the basis of research
conducted in tropical forests, some esti-
mates place the number at more than 30
or 40 million species. Biologist E. O. Wilson
estimates that invertebrate species alone
may number as many as 30 million. Each
species contains from a few members (for
example, the California condor) to many
billions of members (such as bacteria).
Each species exists in an ecological niche in
which its members interact with their
environment to maintain life. Wilson tells
of many highly specialized life-forms.
One of my favorite examples of such
specialists living in microniches are the
mites that live on the bodies of army
ants: one kind is found only on the
mandibles of the soldier caste, where it
sits and feeds from the mouth of its
host; another kind is found only on the
hind foot of the soldier caste, where it
sucks blood for a living, and so on
through various bizarre
configurations.2
125
Copyright 201 Cengage .
4th july 2020 daily global regional and local rice e newsletter
Scientists from ICRISAT and collaborators have uncovered a molecular mechanism controlling male fertility in pigeonpea crops. They found that temperature affects whether plants are male fertile or sterile - below 24°C they are fertile, above they are sterile. Applying plant hormones can also reverse sterility at some temperatures. This finding could enable developing improved hybrid pigeonpea varieties using cheaper two-line hybrid technology instead of three-line technology. The researchers also report record global cereal production in 2020 is forecast to surpass 2019 levels, increasing stocks and pushing the stock-to-use ratio to a twenty-year high.
4th july 2020 daily global regional and local rice e newsletter
Scientists from ICRISAT and collaborators have uncovered a molecular mechanism controlling male fertility in pigeonpea crops. They found that temperature affects whether plants are male fertile or sterile - below 24°C they are fertile, above they are sterile. Applying plant hormones can also reverse sterility at some temperatures. This finding could enable developing improved hybrid pigeonpea varieties using cheaper two-line hybrid technology instead of three-line technology. The researchers also forecast a record global cereal production in 2020, with the stock-to-use ratio reaching a twenty-year high.
Longevity Secrets of the Naked Mole Rat
Get 3 FREE books for signing up to our newsletter: https://endalldisease.com/subscribe
The naked mole rat is the longest-living rodent known, and can live up to 16x longer than regular rats. But that's just the tip of the iceberg. They are immune to environmental chemicals, they don't feel pain when being burnt with acid and in their natural habitats they are immune to cancer.
If you enjoy this show please like, subscribe and share it with people you love to help spread the word. Click the following link to see the show notes: https://endalldisease.com/episode8
All of my videos, podcasts and articles are and will always be free. If you enjoyed this video and want to support my work, you can do so by donating, buying one of my bestselling books or red light therapy devices below.
Check out our red light therapy store:
https://endalldisease.com/store
Check out my books:
https://endalldisease.com/books
Donate :
https://www.paypal.me/endalldisease
Jnnd endogenous archeological sciences luisetto m. n. almukthar et al 2018 I...
Jnnd endogenous archeological sciences luisetto m. n. almukthar et al 2018 I...M. Luisetto Pharm.D.Spec. Pharmacology
This document proposes a new interdisciplinary field called "Endogenous archaeology" that examines physiological processes from an evolutionary perspective. It suggests analyzing areas like neuroscience, immunology, and genetics through an archaeological lens to better understand how ancient evolutionary influences still impact human biology today. Examples mentioned include how opioid receptors relate to ancestral exposure to opioids in plants, circadian rhythms relating to ancestral eating patterns, and vestigial structures providing insight into human evolutionary history. The field aims to integrate evidence from areas like paleontology, genetics, and neuroscience to develop a more holistic understanding of human physiology and behavior through the lens of the evolutionary processes that shaped human biology.8 New Scientist 4 January 2020THE tropics are the most.docx
8 | New Scientist | 4 January 2020
THE tropics are the most
biodiverse regions on Earth.
Now there is evidence that
they are also the main source
of evolutionary innovation
and diversity.
Complex animals have
dominated Earth for 541 million
years, a time span called the
Phanerozoic eon. Huge
numbers of species have
evolved and gone extinct
during this time, in a complex
story that includes fish, giant
reptiles and whales.
However, in the 1980s
palaeontologist John Sepkoski
analysed the overall pattern
of evolution in the sea,
where the fossil record is best.
He concluded that marine
evolutionary history could
be broken down into three
supergroups, which he called
“great evolutionary faunas”.
The first group was
dominated by trilobites,
which resembled woodlice,
and bristle worms; the second
by shellfish-like creatures called
brachiopods; and the third by
molluscs, which have persisted
to the present day. Other animals
like land mammals probably
followed similar patterns, but
their fossil record isn’t complete
enough for us to know.
Now, by analysing nearly
18,300 marine genera from
the Phanerozoic fossil record,
Alexis Rojas-Briceno of Umeå
University in Sweden and
his colleagues have found
that the evolution of
complex marine life is best
described using four great
groups of fauna, not three
(bioRxiv, doi.org/dg98).
The first supergroup existed
between 541 and 494 million
years ago, spanning the
Cambrian explosion in which
many animal groups first
emerged. As in the original
analysis, trilobites dominated.
The second supergroup,
dubbed the Palaeozoic, lasted
from 494 to 252 million years
ago. Creatures with hard outer
shells were now widespread,
including brachiopods. This
phase ended when the end-
Permian extinction wiped out
almost all complex life on Earth.
This matches Sepkoski’s
analysis, but the new study
splits his third great fauna into
two. In this version, the third
supergroup is called the
Mesozoic. It began in the wake
of the Permian extinction and
ended 129 million years ago, in
the middle of the dinosaur era.
This time cephalopods, the
group that includes squid
and octopuses, were the rulers.
The fourth and final
supergroup, the Cenozoic, is
still dominant today. During
this time, clams and snails have
made up much of the diversity.
The team found that all four
supergroups originated in the
tropics, then expanded through
the oceans. This is in line with
the idea that the tropics are
hotbeds of evolutionary
innovation, which has been
promoted by David Jablonski
at the University of Chicago.
It may be that the warmer
temperatures and ample
sunlight ensure there is plenty
of food to nourish a multitude
of species. However, John Alroy
at Macquarie University in
Australia isn’t convinced. “I have
always been sceptical about the
out-of-the-tropics hypothesis,
because they have never
seriously dealt with sampling
biases, as far .
8 New Scientist 4 January 2020THE tropics are the most.docx
8 | New Scientist | 4 January 2020
THE tropics are the most
biodiverse regions on Earth.
Now there is evidence that
they are also the main source
of evolutionary innovation
and diversity.
Complex animals have
dominated Earth for 541 million
years, a time span called the
Phanerozoic eon. Huge
numbers of species have
evolved and gone extinct
during this time, in a complex
story that includes fish, giant
reptiles and whales.
However, in the 1980s
palaeontologist John Sepkoski
analysed the overall pattern
of evolution in the sea,
where the fossil record is best.
He concluded that marine
evolutionary history could
be broken down into three
supergroups, which he called
“great evolutionary faunas”.
The first group was
dominated by trilobites,
which resembled woodlice,
and bristle worms; the second
by shellfish-like creatures called
brachiopods; and the third by
molluscs, which have persisted
to the present day. Other animals
like land mammals probably
followed similar patterns, but
their fossil record isn’t complete
enough for us to know.
Now, by analysing nearly
18,300 marine genera from
the Phanerozoic fossil record,
Alexis Rojas-Briceno of Umeå
University in Sweden and
his colleagues have found
that the evolution of
complex marine life is best
described using four great
groups of fauna, not three
(bioRxiv, doi.org/dg98).
The first supergroup existed
between 541 and 494 million
years ago, spanning the
Cambrian explosion in which
many animal groups first
emerged. As in the original
analysis, trilobites dominated.
The second supergroup,
dubbed the Palaeozoic, lasted
from 494 to 252 million years
ago. Creatures with hard outer
shells were now widespread,
including brachiopods. This
phase ended when the end-
Permian extinction wiped out
almost all complex life on Earth.
This matches Sepkoski’s
analysis, but the new study
splits his third great fauna into
two. In this version, the third
supergroup is called the
Mesozoic. It began in the wake
of the Permian extinction and
ended 129 million years ago, in
the middle of the dinosaur era.
This time cephalopods, the
group that includes squid
and octopuses, were the rulers.
The fourth and final
supergroup, the Cenozoic, is
still dominant today. During
this time, clams and snails have
made up much of the diversity.
The team found that all four
supergroups originated in the
tropics, then expanded through
the oceans. This is in line with
the idea that the tropics are
hotbeds of evolutionary
innovation, which has been
promoted by David Jablonski
at the University of Chicago.
It may be that the warmer
temperatures and ample
sunlight ensure there is plenty
of food to nourish a multitude
of species. However, John Alroy
at Macquarie University in
Australia isn’t convinced. “I have
always been sceptical about the
out-of-the-tropics hypothesis,
because they have never
seriously dealt with sampling
biases, as far .
_Forms and Function_
The document provides an overview of animal form and function through a series of lecture slides. It discusses the following key points:
- Animal body plans follow patterns of symmetry like radial, bilateral, or asymmetrical. Bilateral symmetry allows for high mobility in land and aquatic animals.
- The size and shape of an animal's body is adapted to its environment and affects how it interacts with its surroundings.
- Animals obtain energy from food and convert nutrients to ATP. Their metabolic rate depends on being endothermic or ectothermic.
- The hierarchical organization of tissues, organs and systems allows for exchange of materials and maintenance of homeostasis. Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues each have
Humane charity presentation
Presentation I'm planning to use to try to convince my office charity group to only support charities that don't fund animal research.
Energy requirements
This document discusses estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and growth of wild mammals, birds, and reptiles kept in captivity. It reviews existing data on basal metabolic rates and maintenance energy requirements for some species. The document develops a model to estimate lower limits of energy requirements during growth, taking into account factors like variation in time to reach maturity and energy density of tissue deposited. Having estimates of energy needs can help with issues like treating obesity or providing nutritional support when animals lose appetite. Overall, the document aims to provide guidance for estimating energy requirements when specific data is lacking for non-domesticated species in captive settings.
Why do we study Animal Behavior
This document discusses the field of animal behavior and its importance and applications. It notes that animal behavior is the study of how animals interact with each other and their environment, and serves as a bridge between physiology and the environment. It then outlines several ways in which the study of animal behavior contributes to and influences other fields, such as neuroscience, environmental management, human behavior studies, and conservation. Specific examples are given of insights gained into areas like communication, emotional expression, migration patterns, and pest control from animal behavior research. The document also discusses how animal behavior courses can increase scientific literacy and interest in biology.
Theories ofEnvironmental Ethics9781285028330, Environmenta.docx
Theories of
Environmental Ethics
9781285028330, Environmental Ethics, Fifth Edition, Desjardins - © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization.
9781285028330, Environmental Ethics, Fifth Edition, Desjardins - © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization.
6
Biocentric Ethics and the
Inherent Value of Life
DISCUSSION: Synthetic Biology and the Value of Life
Does life itself have inherent moral value? Several criteria for moral standing were examined in the previous chapter, including sensation and being conscious. For many observers, such attributes as sensation and consciousness themselves serve a higher end of life, and therefore they conclude that only life itself seems to be plausible candidate for the inherent value that moral standing implies. A “biocentric” ethics is an approach that begins with the inherent value of life as its foundational principle of value. The diversity of life on earth is amazingly
complex. Biological science has been categorizing animal and plant species since before Aristotle began his taxonomy of living organisms more than 2,000 years ago. Current estimates suggest that more than 1.4 million different species have been scientifically categorized.1 But, these categorized species represent only a small percentage of the actual number of species that exist. On the basis of research conducted in tropical forests, some estimates place the number at more than 30 or 40 million species. Biologist E. O. Wilson estimates that invertebrate species alone may number as many as 30 million. Each species contains from a few members (for
example, the California condor) to many billions of members (such as bacteria). Each species exists in an ecological niche in which its members interact with their environment to maintain life. Wilson tells of many highly specialized life-forms. One of my favorite examples of such
specialists living in microniches are the mites that live on the bodies of army ants: one kind is found only on the mandibles of the soldier caste, where it sits and feeds from the mouth of its
host; another kind is found only on the hind foot of the soldier caste, where it sucks blood for a living, and so on through various bizarre configurations.2
Each organism must take in nutrition from its environment to sustain its life and propagate its species. The ability to do this has evolved through millions of years of changing environments via natural selection. This ability, and every other function of living beings, is stored in the genetic code of each organism. Each organism contains 1 million to 10 billion bits of information in its genetic code, representing an enormous genetic library of information developed over billions of years. The diversity of life has inspired scientists, philosophers, and poets for millennia. It is a remarkable phenomenon. But that diversity is being threatened at astonishing rat ...
All posters 2015-2016 Period 5
This study aims to examine the extent to which important individuals like parents, teachers and coaches from a student's childhood and teenage years influence their self-assessment of skills at the University of Maastricht. The researcher hypothesizes that students who experienced encouraging relationships will show realistic or overestimating self-assessments, while those experiencing unencouraging relationships will lack self-confidence. A sample of 90 3rd year UCM students will complete a questionnaire on self-assessed memory, physical and motor skills, and then perform tasks to detect over or underestimation. Follow-up questions will explore how important individuals evaluated the student's performance to understand influence on self-concept and self-efficacy. The study
IB Extended Essay: Comparison of the Effects of Vegan and Meat Inclusive Diet...
This document is a 3,552 word extended essay that investigates the differing effects of vegan and omnivorous diets on pollution. The essay begins with an abstract and introduction describing the motivation and research question. It then outlines the methods used, which involved analyzing secondary sources from books, websites, and journals. The main body of the essay discusses the key findings. It concludes that while both diets impact the environment, an omnivorous diet that includes meat production has significantly greater negative effects through higher greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution from animal waste, and soil erosion from cattle farming. Overall, the essay determines that a vegan diet creates less pollution than an omnivorous diet.
Similar to Primate growing up with half the calories: New understanding about human health and longevity (20)
metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain
metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain
Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docx
Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docx
Encephalization – An Evolutionary Predisposition to Diabetes: A “Large Brain ...
Encephalization – An Evolutionary Predisposition to Diabetes: A “Large Brain ...
week66.pdfP A R T I I ITheories ofEnvironmental.docx
week66.pdfP A R T I I ITheories ofEnvironmental.docx
4th july 2020 daily global regional and local rice e newsletter
4th july 2020 daily global regional and local rice e newsletter
4th july 2020 daily global regional and local rice e newsletter
4th july 2020 daily global regional and local rice e newsletter
Jnnd endogenous archeological sciences luisetto m. n. almukthar et al 2018 I...
Jnnd endogenous archeological sciences luisetto m. n. almukthar et al 2018 I...
8 New Scientist 4 January 2020THE tropics are the most.docx
8 New Scientist 4 January 2020THE tropics are the most.docx
8 New Scientist 4 January 2020THE tropics are the most.docx
8 New Scientist 4 January 2020THE tropics are the most.docx
Theories ofEnvironmental Ethics9781285028330, Environmenta.docx
Theories ofEnvironmental Ethics9781285028330, Environmenta.docx
IB Extended Essay: Comparison of the Effects of Vegan and Meat Inclusive Diet...
IB Extended Essay: Comparison of the Effects of Vegan and Meat Inclusive Diet...
Recently uploaded
Gladiator 2 (Action, Adventure, Drama Movie)
Details about the highly anticipated Gladiator 2 movie, including plot, cast, production, and release information.
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
Anasuya Sengupta, an Indian actress and designer, won the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival for the Bulgarian film 'The Shameless'.
一比一原版(mcmaste毕业证书)加拿大麦克马斯特大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(mcmaste毕业证书)加拿大麦克马斯特大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(mcmaste毕业证书)加拿大麦克马斯特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(mcmaste毕业证书)加拿大麦克马斯特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(mcmaste毕业证书)加拿大麦克马斯特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(mcmaste毕业证书)加拿大麦克马斯特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio is synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acclaimed performances. has a unique connection with one of America's most beloved sports events—the Super Bowl. The "Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl" phenomenon combines the worlds of cinema and sports. drawing attention from fans of both domains. This article delves into the multifaceted relationship between DiCaprio and the Super Bowl. exploring his appearances at the event, His involvement in Super Bowl advertisements. and his cultural impact that bridges the gap between these two massive entertainment industries.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Leonardo DiCaprio: The Hollywood Icon
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born in Los Angeles, California, on November 11, 1974. His journey to stardom began at a young age with roles in television commercials and educational programs. DiCaprio's breakthrough came with his portrayal of Luke Brower in the sitcom "Growing Pains" and later as Tobias Wolff in "This Boy's Life" (1993). where he starred alongside Robert De Niro.
Rise to Stardom
DiCaprio's career skyrocketed with his performance in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993). earning him his first Academy Award nomination. He continued to gain acclaim with roles in "Romeo + Juliet" (1996) and "Titanic" (1997). the latter of which cemented his status as a global superstar. Over the years, DiCaprio has showcased his versatility in films like "The Aviator" (2004). "Start" (2010), and "The Revenant" (2015), for which he finally won an Academy Award for Best Actor.
Environmental Activism
Beyond his film career, DiCaprio is also renowned for his environmental activism. He established the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation in 1998, focusing on global conservation efforts. His commitment to ecological issues often intersects with his public appearances. including those related to the Super Bowl.
The Super Bowl: An American Institution
History and Significance
The Super Bowl is the National Football League (NFL) championship game. is one of the most-watched sporting events in the world. First played in 1967, the Super Bowl has evolved into a cultural phenomenon. featuring high-profile halftime shows, memorable advertisements, and significant media coverage. The event attracts a diverse audience, from avid sports fans to casual viewers. making it a prime platform for celebrities to appear.
Entertainment and Advertisements
The Super Bowl is not only about football but also about entertainment. The halftime show features performances by some of the biggest names in the music industry. while the commercials are often as anticipated as the game itself. Companies invest millions in Super Bowl ads. creating iconic and sometimes controversial commercials that capture public attention.
Leonardo DiCaprio's Super Bowl Appearances
A Celebrity Among the Fans
Leonardo DiCaprio's presence at the Super Bowl has noted several times. As a high-profile celebrity. DiCaprio attracts
The Evolution and Impact of Tom Cruise Long Hair
Tom Cruise is one of Hollywood's most iconic figures, known for his versatility, charisma, and dedication to his craft. Over the decades, his appearance has been almost as dynamic as his filmography, with one aspect often drawing significant attention: his hair. In particular, Tom Cruise long hair has become a defining feature in various phases of his career. symbolizing different roles and adding layers to his on-screen characters. This article delves into the evolution of Tom Cruise long hair, its impact on his roles. and its influence on popular culture.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Tom Cruise long hair has often been more than a style choice. it has been a significant element of his persona both on and off the screen. From the tousled locks of the rebellious Maverick in "Top Gun" to the sleek, sophisticated mane in "Mission: Impossible II." Cruise's hair has played a pivotal role in shaping his image and the characters he portrays. This article explores the various stages of Tom Cruise long hair. Examining how this iconic look has evolved and influenced his career and broader fashion trends.
Early Days: The Emergence of a Style Icon
The 1980s: The Birth of a Star
In the early stages of his career during the 1980s, Tom Cruise sported a range of hairstyles. but in "Top Gun" (1986), his hair began to gain significant attention. Though not long by later standards, his hair in this film was longer than the military crew cuts associated with fighter pilots. adding a rebellious edge to his character, Pete "Maverick" Mitchell.
Risky Business: The Transition Begins
In "Risky Business" (1983). Tom Cruise's hair was short but longer than the clean-cut styles dominant at the time. This look complemented his role as a high school student stepping into adulthood. embodying a sense of youthful freedom and experimentation. It was a precursor to the more dramatic hair transformations in his career.
The 1990s: Experimentation and Iconic Roles
Far and Away: Embracing Length
One of the first films in which Tom Cruise embraced long hair was "Far and Away" (1992). Playing the role of Joseph. an Irish immigrant in 1890s America, Cruise's long, hair added authenticity to his character's rugged and determined persona. This look was a stark departure from his earlier. more polished styles and marked the beginning of a more adventurous phase in his hairstyle choices.
Interview with the Vampire: Gothic Elegance
In "Interview with the Vampire" (1994). Tom Cruise long hair reached new lengths of sophistication and elegance. Portraying the vampire Lestat. Cruise's flowing blonde locks were integral to the character's ethereal and timeless allure. This hairstyle not only suited the gothic aesthetic of the film but also showcased Cruise's ability to transform his appearance for a role.
Mission: Impossible II: The Pinnacle of Long Hair
One of the most memorable instances of Tom Cruise long hair came in "Mission: Impossible II" (2000). His character, Ethan
Chennai Call Girls 8824825030 High Calass Call Girl Chennai
Chennai Call Girls 8824825030 High Calass Call Girl Chennai
The Enigma of the Midnight Canvas, In the heart of Paris
In the heart of Paris, where the Seine River flowed languidly beneath the city's graceful bridges …
created with AI assistance…
一比一原版(UCSF毕业证)旧金山分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【旧金山分校毕业证UCSF学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理旧金山分校毕业证毕业证offerUCSF学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理旧金山分校毕业证UCSF学位证毕业证offer【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理旧金山分校毕业证毕业证offerUCSF学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理旧金山分校毕业证毕业证offerUCSF学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
The Gallery of Shadows, In the heart of a bustling city
In the heart of a bustling city, hidden away from the modern chaos …
created with AI assistance…
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
Uncover the remarkable journey of Sara Saffari, whose transformation from underweight struggles to being recognized as a fitness icon at 23 underscores the importance of perseverance, discipline, and embracing a healthy lifestyle.
How OTT Players Are Transforming Our TV Viewing Experience.pdf
The advent of Over-The-Top (OTT) players has brought a seismic shift in the television industry, transforming how we consume media. These digital platforms, which deliver content directly over the internet, have outpaced traditional cable and satellite television, offering unparalleled convenience, variety, and personalization. Here’s an in-depth look at how OTT players are revolutionizing the TV viewing experience.
一比一原版(uw毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uw毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uw毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uw毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uw毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uw毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Sunny and Rishi 3 Written by Basak Serin
The cats, Sunny and Rishi, are brothers who live with their sister, Jessica, and their grandmother, Susie. They work as cleaners but wish to seek other kinds of employment that are better than their current jobs. New career adventures await Sunny and Rishi!
定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Audio Video equipment supplier in Gurgaon
Explore our website for the latest audio visual equipment. From projectors to
speakers, we have everything you need to elevate your audio and visual setup.
Leading audio visual equipment supplier in Gurgaon offering a wide range of
high-quality products for all your audio and visual needs.
Unlocking the Secrets of IPTV App Development_ A Comprehensive Guide.pdf
With IPTV apps, you can access and stream live TV, on-demand movies, series, and other content you like online. Viewers have more flexibility and customization of content to watch. To develop the best IPTV app that functions, you must combine creative problem-solving skills and technical knowledge. This post will look into the details of IPTV app development, so keep reading to learn more.
SERV - Fun Things To Do In Overland Park
SERV is the ideal spot for savory food, refreshing beverages, and exciting entertainment. Each visit promises an unforgettable experience with daily promotions, live music, and engaging games such as pickleball. Offering five distinct food concepts inspired by popular street food, as well as coffee and dessert options, there's something to satisfy every taste. For more information visit our website: https://servfun.com/
Taylor Swift: Conquering Fame, Feuds, and Unmatched Success | CIO Women Magazine
From country star to global phenomenon, delve into Taylor Swift's incredible journey. Explore chart-topping hits, feuds, & her rise to billionaire status!
What Going to the Doctor is Like as an Adult Comics
You know you're an adult when every check-up gets you down. View What Going to the Doctor is Like as an Adult and more funny posts on salty vixen stories & more-saltyvixenstories.com
Recently uploaded (20)
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Chennai Call Girls 8824825030 High Calass Call Girl Chennai
Chennai Call Girls 8824825030 High Calass Call Girl Chennai
The Enigma of the Midnight Canvas, In the heart of Paris
The Enigma of the Midnight Canvas, In the heart of Paris
The Gallery of Shadows, In the heart of a bustling city
The Gallery of Shadows, In the heart of a bustling city
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
How OTT Players Are Transforming Our TV Viewing Experience.pdf
How OTT Players Are Transforming Our TV Viewing Experience.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets of IPTV App Development_ A Comprehensive Guide.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets of IPTV App Development_ A Comprehensive Guide.pdf
Taylor Swift: Conquering Fame, Feuds, and Unmatched Success | CIO Women Magazine
Taylor Swift: Conquering Fame, Feuds, and Unmatched Success | CIO Women Magazine
What Going to the Doctor is Like as an Adult Comics
What Going to the Doctor is Like as an Adult Comics
Primate growing up with half the calories: New understanding about human health and longevity
- 1. m o nke ys-f o r-sale .o rg http://mo nkeys-fo r-sale.o rg/primate-gro wing-up-with-half-the-calo ries-new-understanding-abo ut-human-health-andlo ngevity/ Primate growing up with half the calories: New understanding about human health and longevity Jan. 13, 2014 — New research shows that humans and other primates burn 50% f ewer calories each day than other mammals. T he study, published January 13 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that these remarkably slow metabolisms explain why humans and other primates grow up so slowly and live such long lives. T he study also reports that primates in zoos expend as much energy as those in the wild, suggesting that physical activity may have less of an impact on daily energy expenditure than is of ten thought. Most mammals, like the f amily dog or pet hamster, live a f ast-paced lif e, reaching adulthood in a matter of months, reproducing prodigiously (if we let them), and dying in their teens if not well bef ore. By comparison, humans and our primate relatives (apes, monkeys, tarsiers, lorises, and lemurs) have long childhoods, reproduce inf requently, and live exceptionally long lives. Primates’ slow pace of lif e has long puzzled biologists because the mechanisms underlying it were unknown. An international team of scientists working with primates in zoos, sanctuaries, and in the wild examined daily energy expenditure in 17 primate species, f rom gorillas to mouse lemurs, to test whether primates’ slow pace of lif e results f rom a slow metabolism. Using a saf e and non-invasive technique known as “doubly labeled water,” which tracks the body’s production of carbon dioxide, the researchers measured the number of calories that primates burned over a 10 day period. Combining these measurements with similar data f rom other studies, the team compared daily energy expenditure among primates to that of other mammals. “T he results were a real surprise,” said Herman Pontzer, an anthropologist at Hunter College in New York and the lead author of the study. “Humans, chimpanzees, baboons, and other primates expend only half the calories we’d expect f or a mammal. To put that in perspective, a human — even someone with a very physically active lif estyle — would need to run a marathon each day just to approach the average daily energy expenditure of a mammal their size.” T his dramatic reduction in metabolic rate, previously unknown f or primates, accounts f or their slow pace of lif e. All organisms need energy to grow and reproduce, and energy expenditure can also contribute to aging. T he slow rates of growth, reproduction, and aging among primates match their slow rate of energy expenditure, indicating that evolution has acted on metabolic rate to shape primates’ distinctly slow lives. “T he environmental conditions f avoring reduced energy expenditures may hold a key to understanding why primates, including humans, evolved this slower pace of lif e,” said David Raichlen, an anthropologist at the University of Arizona and a coauthor of the study. Perhaps just as surprising, the team’s measurements show that primates in captivity expend as many calories each day as their wild counterparts. T hese results speak to the health and well-being of primates in world-class zoos and sanctuaries, and they also suggest that physical activity may contribute less to total energy expenditure than is of ten thought.
- 2. “T he completion of this non-invasive study of primate metabolism in zoos and sanctuaries demonstrates the depth of research potential f or these settings. It also sheds light on the f act that zoo-housed primates are relatively active, with the same daily energy expenditures as wild primates,” said coauthor Steve Ross, Director of the Lester E. Fisher Center f or the Study and Conservation of Apes at Chicago’s Lincoln Park Z oo. “Dynamic accredited zoo and sanctuary environments represent an alternative to traditional laboratory-based investigations and emphasize the importance of studying animals in more naturalistic conditions.” Results f rom this study hold intriguing implications f or understanding health and longevity in humans. Linking the rate of growth, reproduction, and aging to daily energy expenditure may shed light on the processes by which our bodies develop and age. And unraveling the surprisingly complex relationship between physical activity and daily energy expenditure may improve our understanding of obesity and other metabolic diseases. More detailed study of energy expenditure, activity, and aging among humans and apes is already underway. “Humans live longer than other apes, and tend to carry more body f at,” said Pontzer. “Understanding how human metabolism compares to our closest relatives will help us understand how our bodies evolved, and how to keep them healthy.” How and where to f ind cheap monkeys f or sale