Price for processed food
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This presentation discusses price mix strategies for processed foods. It defines price as the amount customers pay for a product. Price mix refers to all pricing decisions related to a product, including pricing strategy, discounts, credit terms, and payment periods. When setting prices, companies must balance gaining customer acceptance and making a profit. Factors that influence pricing include costs, competitors' prices, demand, and the company's market position. Common pricing strategies discussed are low pricing, competitive pricing, penetration pricing, and differential pricing. Examples are given of companies that use competitive, penetration, and differential pricing strategies.
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This document discusses pricing policy and strategies. It begins by stating that price is an important element of the marketing mix that can be changed quickly. It then defines pricing and value from the customer's perspective. The document goes on to list factors that influence pricing like costs, competition, and customer willingness to pay. It also outlines different pricing objectives and 12 common pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, skimming pricing, and bundle pricing. Finally, it concludes with the steps to set a pricing policy which are to select objectives, determine demand, estimate costs, analyze competitors, select a pricing method, and set the final price.
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The marketing mix is a fundamental aspect of marketing that includes the 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. It is used by businesses to decide how to market products based on customer needs. Price is an important element that impacts revenue and market share. Common pricing strategies include cost plus, penetration pricing, price skimming, competitive pricing, promotional pricing, and loss leaders. The appropriate strategy depends on factors like market entry, increasing sales, and covering costs.
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The document outlines various steps and strategies for setting prices, including:
1) Determining pricing objectives, studying costs and demand, and monitoring competitors' prices.
2) Common pricing strategies are cost-oriented pricing, demand-oriented pricing, and competition-oriented pricing.
3) Specific pricing techniques include promotional pricing, variable pricing, price lining, and psychological pricing.
internal factors affecting pricing
Internal factors that affect pricing decisions include marketing objectives, marketing mix strategy, costs of production, organizational considerations, and the product life cycle stage. Pricing must be coordinated with other elements of the marketing mix like product, promotion, and distribution. Management must also consider costs of production, who sets prices within the organization, and how pricing strategies vary depending on whether a product is in the introduction, growth, maturity, or decline stage of its life cycle.
Group 2 objectives of pricing new design
The document discusses various pricing objectives that companies consider when setting prices. Pricing objectives provide guidelines for developing marketing strategies and pricing processes. Objectives can be related to profits, sales, competition, customers, or other factors. Common profit-related objectives include maximizing current profits and targeting return on investment. Sales objectives often focus on growth, market share, and increasing market share. Competition objectives may involve facing competition, keeping competitors away, or achieving quality leadership through pricing. Customer-related objectives typically aim to win customer confidence and satisfaction. Other objectives can include market penetration, promoting new products, maintaining image/reputation, skimming profits, price stability, and ensuring survival and growth. Pricing decisions are made in the context
pricing objectives
KFC's pricing objectives fall under the sales-oriented category. Their main objective is to increase sales and customer satisfaction rather than maximize profits. To achieve this, KFC focuses on maintaining their market share by keeping prices low and making few product changes to remain competitive with slow growth. They also employ sales maximization strategies like promotions to increase sales in both the short and long-run. Table 2.2 shows KFC's product prices which are designed to appeal to customers and support their sales objectives.
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This document discusses pricing policy and strategies. It begins by stating that price is an important element of the marketing mix that can be changed quickly. It then defines pricing and value from the customer's perspective. The document goes on to list factors that influence pricing like costs, competition, and customer willingness to pay. It also outlines different pricing objectives and 12 common pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, skimming pricing, and bundle pricing. Finally, it concludes with the steps to set a pricing policy which are to select objectives, determine demand, estimate costs, analyze competitors, select a pricing method, and set the final price.
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The marketing mix is a fundamental aspect of marketing that includes the 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. It is used by businesses to decide how to market products based on customer needs. Price is an important element that impacts revenue and market share. Common pricing strategies include cost plus, penetration pricing, price skimming, competitive pricing, promotional pricing, and loss leaders. The appropriate strategy depends on factors like market entry, increasing sales, and covering costs.
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1) Determining pricing objectives, studying costs and demand, and monitoring competitors' prices.
2) Common pricing strategies are cost-oriented pricing, demand-oriented pricing, and competition-oriented pricing.
3) Specific pricing techniques include promotional pricing, variable pricing, price lining, and psychological pricing.
internal factors affecting pricing
Internal factors that affect pricing decisions include marketing objectives, marketing mix strategy, costs of production, organizational considerations, and the product life cycle stage. Pricing must be coordinated with other elements of the marketing mix like product, promotion, and distribution. Management must also consider costs of production, who sets prices within the organization, and how pricing strategies vary depending on whether a product is in the introduction, growth, maturity, or decline stage of its life cycle.
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The document discusses various pricing objectives that companies consider when setting prices. Pricing objectives provide guidelines for developing marketing strategies and pricing processes. Objectives can be related to profits, sales, competition, customers, or other factors. Common profit-related objectives include maximizing current profits and targeting return on investment. Sales objectives often focus on growth, market share, and increasing market share. Competition objectives may involve facing competition, keeping competitors away, or achieving quality leadership through pricing. Customer-related objectives typically aim to win customer confidence and satisfaction. Other objectives can include market penetration, promoting new products, maintaining image/reputation, skimming profits, price stability, and ensuring survival and growth. Pricing decisions are made in the context
pricing objectives
KFC's pricing objectives fall under the sales-oriented category. Their main objective is to increase sales and customer satisfaction rather than maximize profits. To achieve this, KFC focuses on maintaining their market share by keeping prices low and making few product changes to remain competitive with slow growth. They also employ sales maximization strategies like promotions to increase sales in both the short and long-run. Table 2.2 shows KFC's product prices which are designed to appeal to customers and support their sales objectives.
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Contents
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Pricing Strategies
Pricing Tools
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MARKET BASED AND COMPETITOR BASEDB PRICING
This document provides an overview of market-based pricing and competitor-based pricing. It defines market-based pricing as establishing a price based on existing market conditions, including customer perceived value, psychological price barriers, and going rate pricing. It then defines competitor-based pricing as strategies based on a firm's position relative to competition, including maintaining prices at par with competitors (premium, discount, and tender pricing). The document serves as a presentation on these pricing strategies for an MBA department.
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This document discusses various pricing policies used by businesses:
1) Flexible pricing allows customers to pay different prices for the same goods, while one-price policies charge all customers the same. Prestige pricing sets high prices to convey exclusivity.
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The document discusses various pricing policies and strategies that companies can employ. It identifies premium pricing, penetration pricing, economy pricing, and price skimming as the four main approaches. Premium pricing involves charging a high price for unique or luxury products. Penetration pricing sets an artificially low initial price to gain market share before raising prices. Economy pricing keeps costs low to offer low prices. Price skimming charges a high initial price for products with a competitive advantage that will decrease over time as competitors enter the market. The document also outlines additional pricing strategies such as psychological, product line, optional product, product bundle, promotional, geographical, cost-based, competition-based, demand-based, and perceived value pricing.
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Pricing policies and strategies consider factors like costs, competition, customer segments, and objectives to determine prices. Common policies include one price and flexible pricing. Strategies include penetration pricing with low initial prices, skimming pricing with high initial prices lowered over time, competitive pricing based on competitors, and bundle pricing with package deals. Other strategies are psychological pricing below round numbers, premium pricing with artificially high prices, and promotional pricing with temporary discounts.
Backward vertical integration integration strategies - corporate level stra...
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Diversification strategies seek to increase profitability through greater sales volume from new products and markets. There are three main types: concentric adds related products, horizontal adds products for existing customers, and conglomerate adds unrelated products. Defensive strategies protect market share, profitability, and mind share. They include joint ventures, retrenchment through cost reduction, divestiture by selling divisions, and liquidation by selling all assets. Diversification and defensive strategies allow firms to expand operations and lessen risks of being attacked by competitors.
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The document discusses various targeting strategies for companies including single segment targeting, selective targeting, mass market targeting, product specialization, market specialization, niche-market strategy, mass-market strategy, growth-market strategy, and global market segmentation. The strategies allow companies to focus their marketing efforts on specific customer segments or markets to attract customers.
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This document discusses pricing strategies and considerations for businesses. It defines price as the amount required for payment of a product or service. Pricing strategies can be used to maximize profits, defend markets, increase market share, or enter new markets. Successful pricing requires understanding customer needs and behaviors in the particular market. Key decisions in pricing strategies include costs, competition, company objectives, target groups, and external market demands. The conclusion emphasizes setting pricing objectives to guide the development of marketing strategies.
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Pricing is an important element of marketing that can be changed quickly. Price expresses the value of a product based on its perceived benefits and costs. Pricing objectives may include survival, maximum profit, market share, or product leadership. Factors affecting pricing include costs, competition, company objectives, positioning, target customers, and willingness to pay. Pricing policies guide how prices are set, while strategies include penetration pricing, skimming, competition matching, bundling, premium pricing, and discounts. Setting price involves selecting objectives, estimating demand and costs, analyzing competitors, choosing a pricing method, and determining the final price.
Developing Pricing Strategies & Programs.
The document discusses pricing strategies and the steps involved in setting prices. It outlines 6 main steps: 1) selecting a pricing objective, 2) determining demand, 3) estimating costs, 4) analyzing competitors, 5) selecting a pricing method, and 6) selecting the final price. It also discusses adapting prices based on factors like geography, discounts, promotions, and differentiation. The document provides examples and details for each step and concept.
Pricing strategies
This document discusses various pricing strategies that can be used by companies. It covers major strategies such as customer value-based pricing, competition based pricing, and cost-based pricing. It also discusses product mix pricing strategies and price adjustment strategies including discounting, segmented pricing, and geographical pricing. The document provides examples and definitions for each strategy to explain how and when companies can apply different approaches to setting prices.
Pricing
Compiled from Kotler and Ramaswamy Marketing book.
Enough for any ppt or notes necessity for exams from PRICING SECTION
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We recently had a Webinar on "Successful B2B Pricing Strategies with Magento". The key points covered in the Webinar were:
1. Why is pricing important for Business to Business Scenario?
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8. Priorities of B2B pricing.
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Marketing concepts 4
This document defines key terms related to products and pricing. It discusses the differences between consumer products and industrial products. It also defines important product attributes like size, color, and features. Additionally, it outlines key elements of products like brands, packaging, product lines, and product depth. The document then discusses the importance of pricing and different pricing strategies such as value-based pricing, cost-based pricing, price skimming, and penetration pricing. It also covers the steps involved in pricing and product line pricing.
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Contents
Pricing Definition
Pricing Philosophy
Pricing Goals
Factors Affecting Pricing Decision
Pricing Strategies
Pricing Tools
Conclusion
MARKET BASED AND COMPETITOR BASEDB PRICING
This document provides an overview of market-based pricing and competitor-based pricing. It defines market-based pricing as establishing a price based on existing market conditions, including customer perceived value, psychological price barriers, and going rate pricing. It then defines competitor-based pricing as strategies based on a firm's position relative to competition, including maintaining prices at par with competitors (premium, discount, and tender pricing). The document serves as a presentation on these pricing strategies for an MBA department.
Pricing policies
This document discusses various pricing policies used by businesses:
1) Flexible pricing allows customers to pay different prices for the same goods, while one-price policies charge all customers the same. Prestige pricing sets high prices to convey exclusivity.
2) Odd/even pricing and price lining are psychological tactics to influence customer purchases. Promotional pricing temporarily changes prices to boost new product sales.
3) Multiple-unit and bundle pricing offer discounts for buying multiple or bundled products to increase the perceived value for customers.
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This document discusses various pricing policies, objectives, factors, and strategies. It begins by defining pricing and pricing policy. It then discusses pricing objectives such as profit maximization, satisfactory profits, and market share. It also covers factors that influence pricing like costs, competition, and customer willingness to pay. Finally, it outlines and describes various common pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competitive pricing, discount pricing, and bundle pricing.
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This document discusses various pricing strategies that marketers can use when setting prices for products and services. It identifies 10 common pricing strategies: mark-up pricing, target return pricing, odd or psychological pricing, loss leader pricing, price lining, prestige pricing, marginal pricing, predatory pricing, going rate pricing, and promotional pricing. For each strategy, it provides a brief definition and example. The overall purpose is to educate about different approaches to determining price, which is a key element of the marketing mix.
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The document discusses various pricing methods for products: value pricing which considers customer value and willingness to pay; cost+ pricing which covers costs and desired margin; competitive pricing which analyzes competitors' prices; psychology-based pricing which considers how price impacts perceived quality; and experimental pricing which tests different prices to analyze effects on quantity and revenue. It also notes the importance of leaving slack in pricing for discounts, partners, and promotions.
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The document discusses various pricing strategies and factors that affect pricing decisions. It outlines different types of pricing strategies such as new product pricing, product mix pricing, price adjustment strategies. Some specific strategies mentioned include market skimming pricing, market penetration pricing, product line pricing, bundle pricing, discount pricing and psychological pricing. The document also discusses importance of understanding production costs and market prices when determining pricing.
Pricing policy
The document discusses various pricing policies and strategies that companies can employ. It identifies premium pricing, penetration pricing, economy pricing, and price skimming as the four main approaches. Premium pricing involves charging a high price for unique or luxury products. Penetration pricing sets an artificially low initial price to gain market share before raising prices. Economy pricing keeps costs low to offer low prices. Price skimming charges a high initial price for products with a competitive advantage that will decrease over time as competitors enter the market. The document also outlines additional pricing strategies such as psychological, product line, optional product, product bundle, promotional, geographical, cost-based, competition-based, demand-based, and perceived value pricing.
Pricing strategies and policies
Pricing policies and strategies consider factors like costs, competition, customer segments, and objectives to determine prices. Common policies include one price and flexible pricing. Strategies include penetration pricing with low initial prices, skimming pricing with high initial prices lowered over time, competitive pricing based on competitors, and bundle pricing with package deals. Other strategies are psychological pricing below round numbers, premium pricing with artificially high prices, and promotional pricing with temporary discounts.
Backward vertical integration integration strategies - corporate level stra...
When pursuing a vertical integration strategy, a firm gets involved in new portions of the value chain. This approach can be very attractive when a firm’s suppliers or buyers have too much power over the firm and are becoming increasingly profitable at the firm’s expense.
Pricing strategies
This document discusses pricing policies and strategies. It defines pricing policy as fixing prices for a certain period. Pricing strategies aim to realize prices based on consumer paying capacity, face competition, maximize profits, and stabilize prices. Specific strategies discussed include penetration pricing with low initial prices, market skimming with high initial prices, value pricing based on perceived worth, loss leaders to attract customers, and psychological pricing exploiting consumer perceptions. Other strategies address following competitors, price discrimination across markets, predatory pricing to disadvantage rivals, cost-based pricing, and considering price elasticity of demand.
Diversification and Defensive Strategies
Diversification strategies seek to increase profitability through greater sales volume from new products and markets. There are three main types: concentric adds related products, horizontal adds products for existing customers, and conglomerate adds unrelated products. Defensive strategies protect market share, profitability, and mind share. They include joint ventures, retrenchment through cost reduction, divestiture by selling divisions, and liquidation by selling all assets. Diversification and defensive strategies allow firms to expand operations and lessen risks of being attacked by competitors.
4.2. market targeting
The document discusses various targeting strategies for companies including single segment targeting, selective targeting, mass market targeting, product specialization, market specialization, niche-market strategy, mass-market strategy, growth-market strategy, and global market segmentation. The strategies allow companies to focus their marketing efforts on specific customer segments or markets to attract customers.
Conglomerate diversification diversification strategies - corporate level s...
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This document discusses pricing strategies and factors that affect pricing decisions. It explains that pricing is the process of determining the revenue a company will receive for its products. Pricing must achieve financial goals, fit market realities, and support product positioning. Factors like costs, customers, competition, and other variables influence pricing. Common pricing strategies include penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competition pricing, product line pricing, bundle pricing, psychological pricing, premium pricing, and optional pricing. The document also outlines basic pricing guidelines and different types of price discounts.
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This document discusses pricing strategies and considerations for businesses. It defines price as the amount required for payment of a product or service. Pricing strategies can be used to maximize profits, defend markets, increase market share, or enter new markets. Successful pricing requires understanding customer needs and behaviors in the particular market. Key decisions in pricing strategies include costs, competition, company objectives, target groups, and external market demands. The conclusion emphasizes setting pricing objectives to guide the development of marketing strategies.
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Pricing is an important element of marketing that can be changed quickly. Price expresses the value of a product based on its perceived benefits and costs. Pricing objectives may include survival, maximum profit, market share, or product leadership. Factors affecting pricing include costs, competition, company objectives, positioning, target customers, and willingness to pay. Pricing policies guide how prices are set, while strategies include penetration pricing, skimming, competition matching, bundling, premium pricing, and discounts. Setting price involves selecting objectives, estimating demand and costs, analyzing competitors, choosing a pricing method, and determining the final price.
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The document discusses pricing strategies and the steps involved in setting prices. It outlines 6 main steps: 1) selecting a pricing objective, 2) determining demand, 3) estimating costs, 4) analyzing competitors, 5) selecting a pricing method, and 6) selecting the final price. It also discusses adapting prices based on factors like geography, discounts, promotions, and differentiation. The document provides examples and details for each step and concept.
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This document discusses various pricing strategies that can be used by companies. It covers major strategies such as customer value-based pricing, competition based pricing, and cost-based pricing. It also discusses product mix pricing strategies and price adjustment strategies including discounting, segmented pricing, and geographical pricing. The document provides examples and definitions for each strategy to explain how and when companies can apply different approaches to setting prices.
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Compiled from Kotler and Ramaswamy Marketing book.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
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Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
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Price for processed food
- 1. Presentation on - Price Mix of a Processed Food Presented to - Dr. Itkyal Sir Presented by - Chavan Rushikesh Vitthalrao Chore Priyanka Haribhau Jadhav Snehal Sampatrao
- 3. PRICE Price may be defined as, the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain the product. Everything that a customer has to give up in order to acquire a product or service.
- 4. What is Price Mix…..? All decisions related to price of a product. Pricing Products is….. Understanding & capturing the given customer Value…. • Capturing Value is the purpose of Price…. So company must strike balance between…
- 5. The prices a company sets for its product and services must strike a balance between- - gaining acceptance with the target customers and making a profit for the organization.
- 6. Price Mix- • Pricing Strategy • Value accordingly perceived • Discount • Credit terms • Payment period
- 7. Factors influencing price 1. Cost of the Product 2. Cost of the Competitors 3. Demand of the Product
- 8. Points to be considered while setting Price When setting Prices Company must Consider- Whether to discount or not. The price that the competitors charges. The cost of providing the product. The company’s market position e.g. is it a market leader The type and nature of demand e.g increase or decrease in prices. The market segments we are seeking to attract.
- 9. Some Pricing Strategies • Low Price Strategy • Competitive Pricing Strategy • Penetration Pricing Strategy • Different Pricing Strategy
- 10. Competitive Pricing Strategy Haldirams follows a competitive pricing strategy… • Way of differentiation • Small one-time consumption packages • Competitive pricing is the backbone of its marketing mix business strategy.
- 11. Penetration Pricing • The pricing strategy is penetrative pricing because Patanjali knows that it cannot conquer the market with higher prices. Plus, if the ingredients are natural and domestic, the expense of the item is lesser as well.
- 12. Different Pricing Strategy Sonai Dairy use different pricing strategy to maintain current price structure as it can compete with existing brands. 1. Cost plus pricing 2. Competitive pricing 3. Discount on large quantity of Purchase.