Understanding the Role of Thermography in Energy Auditing: Current Practices...Matthew Louis Mauriello
Our talk at CHI2015 in Seoul, South Korea. Find more information at: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mattm/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzCuvr8QB4U
Makeability Lab: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/
ABSTRACT
The building sector accounts for 41% of primary energy consumption in the US, contributing an increasing portion of the country's carbon dioxide emissions. With recent sensor improvements and falling costs, auditors are increasingly using thermography-infrared (IR) cameras-to detect thermal defects and analyze building efficiency. Research in automated thermography has grown commensurately, aimed at reducing manual labor and improving thermal models. Though promising, we could find no prior work exploring the professional auditor's perspectives of thermography or reactions to emerging automation. To address this gap, we present results from two studies: a semi-structured interview with 10 professional energy auditors, which includes design probes of five automated thermography scenarios, and an observational case study of a residential audit. We report on common perspectives, concerns, and benefits related to thermography and summarize reactions to our automated scenarios. Our findings have implications for thermography tool designers as well as researchers working on automated solutions in robotics, computer science, and engineering.
Learn about the world of thermal imaging and its use in a variety of diagnostic applications. Everything from locating hot spots in electrical cabinets to evaluating the thermal performance of building enclosures to finding structural issues in aircraft components.
Success with infrared technology, however, involves more than just learning how to use a thermal imager. IR science, heat transfer, and application knowledge are all essential. This presentation discusses the basics of what an infrared camera can do for you and provide an overview of the information that every thermographer should know.
Slides of the webinar on common pitfalls when installing hvac sensorsVaisala Group
Choosing the right instrument for your HVAC application and needs is important but it's just as vital to make sure that your HVAC device is installed correctly.
In this webinar Vaisala's Senior Product Manager Lars Stormbom talks about some of the most common pitfalls when installing some common types of HVAC sensors:
Wall mounted humidity and temperature sensors
Wall mounted CO2 sensors
Duct mounted humidity and temperature sensors
Duct mounted CO2 sensors
Outdoor Humidity and temperature sensors
Outdoor CO2 sensors
VB Engineering is pioneer in providing infrared thermography services to its clients. The infrared thermal imaging services provided by us are compliant with international standards and of world class quality. our infrared thermography analysis concentrates in the areas like predictive maintenance, safety of the equipment and people working around, improvement in the production and efficiency of the equipment. Visit the following link for more details.
http://www.vbengg.com/infrared-thermography-services-india.html
High Voltage Electrical Compliance and Safety Operating ProceduresLiving Online
Employees performing operations and maintenance work on high voltage electrical transmission and distribution systems are exposed to a greater hazard than most other employees. In industry the majority of safety rules and regulations originated from the painful experience of workers who suffered serious injuries or even death. Therefore, rules should not be seen as a means of limiting our freedom, but should rather be looked upon as valuable advice to ensure safe working conditions. This training workshop covers the basic procedures in working safely on high voltage systems including the aspects of safety management and safety auditing.
The workshop aims to impart a thorough overall knowledge of working safely on high voltage installations and the various related topics including:
Safety legislation
Electrical hazards and safety management
Technical aspects of electrical safety
Safety in operation and maintenance
Importance of periodic inspection of electrical installations for ensuring safety
Safety audits to detect shortcomings
The workshop will include hands-on practice in safety documentation such as development of switching plans and electrical access permits of different types.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Design engineers
Electrical operators
Maintenance technicians
Plant electrical engineers
Project engineers
Testing and commissioning engineers and technicians
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/high-voltage-electrical-compliance-and-safety-operating-procedures-14
Mechanical, Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Non-EngineersLiving Online
You will learn the basic applied concepts of mechanical, electrical and instrumentation engineering in this workshop. This will enable you to work more effectively with your engineering colleagues – no matter whether they are operators, tradespersons, technicians or engineers. There are three main threads running through this course – initially mechanical engineering, then electrical engineering best practice and concluded with instrumentation (or industrial automation).
Mechanical engineering in simple terms deals with any equipment that moves; this is what makes it perhaps the most broad and diverse of engineering disciplines. The mechanical discipline essentially derives its breadth from the need to design and manufacture everything from small, even nano, individual devices, such as measuring instruments, to large systems such as machine tools and power plants.
The focus in electrical engineering is on the building blocks of electrical engineering, the fundamentals of electrical design and integrating electrical engineering know-how into the other disciplines within an organisation. Unnecessary theory will be minimised. The dangers and risks from electrocution, shock, explosions and arc blast can never be eliminated but you can take definite steps to protect yourself and your co-workers. The topics in instrumentation engineering commence with an introduction to instrumentation and measurement ranging from pressure, level, temperature and flow devices followed by a review of process control including the all important topic of PID loop tuning.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Administration staff
Civil, mechanical, chemical, mining engineers, technologists and technicians
Electrical contractors
Finance, IT and accounting managers
Human resources managers
IT personnel
Legal personnel
Managers who are involved with or work with staff and projects in electrical engineering
Non-electrical and mechanical engineers and technicians
Non-electrical and mechanical personnel who want to understand the broader picture
Non-engineering personnel
Operators
Plant and facility engineers
Procurement and buying staff
Project managers
Sales engineers
Senior managers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/mechanical-electrical-and-instrumentation-engineering-non-engineers?id=8057
Understanding the Role of Thermography in Energy Auditing: Current Practices...Matthew Louis Mauriello
Our talk at CHI2015 in Seoul, South Korea. Find more information at: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mattm/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzCuvr8QB4U
Makeability Lab: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/
ABSTRACT
The building sector accounts for 41% of primary energy consumption in the US, contributing an increasing portion of the country's carbon dioxide emissions. With recent sensor improvements and falling costs, auditors are increasingly using thermography-infrared (IR) cameras-to detect thermal defects and analyze building efficiency. Research in automated thermography has grown commensurately, aimed at reducing manual labor and improving thermal models. Though promising, we could find no prior work exploring the professional auditor's perspectives of thermography or reactions to emerging automation. To address this gap, we present results from two studies: a semi-structured interview with 10 professional energy auditors, which includes design probes of five automated thermography scenarios, and an observational case study of a residential audit. We report on common perspectives, concerns, and benefits related to thermography and summarize reactions to our automated scenarios. Our findings have implications for thermography tool designers as well as researchers working on automated solutions in robotics, computer science, and engineering.
Learn about the world of thermal imaging and its use in a variety of diagnostic applications. Everything from locating hot spots in electrical cabinets to evaluating the thermal performance of building enclosures to finding structural issues in aircraft components.
Success with infrared technology, however, involves more than just learning how to use a thermal imager. IR science, heat transfer, and application knowledge are all essential. This presentation discusses the basics of what an infrared camera can do for you and provide an overview of the information that every thermographer should know.
Slides of the webinar on common pitfalls when installing hvac sensorsVaisala Group
Choosing the right instrument for your HVAC application and needs is important but it's just as vital to make sure that your HVAC device is installed correctly.
In this webinar Vaisala's Senior Product Manager Lars Stormbom talks about some of the most common pitfalls when installing some common types of HVAC sensors:
Wall mounted humidity and temperature sensors
Wall mounted CO2 sensors
Duct mounted humidity and temperature sensors
Duct mounted CO2 sensors
Outdoor Humidity and temperature sensors
Outdoor CO2 sensors
VB Engineering is pioneer in providing infrared thermography services to its clients. The infrared thermal imaging services provided by us are compliant with international standards and of world class quality. our infrared thermography analysis concentrates in the areas like predictive maintenance, safety of the equipment and people working around, improvement in the production and efficiency of the equipment. Visit the following link for more details.
http://www.vbengg.com/infrared-thermography-services-india.html
High Voltage Electrical Compliance and Safety Operating ProceduresLiving Online
Employees performing operations and maintenance work on high voltage electrical transmission and distribution systems are exposed to a greater hazard than most other employees. In industry the majority of safety rules and regulations originated from the painful experience of workers who suffered serious injuries or even death. Therefore, rules should not be seen as a means of limiting our freedom, but should rather be looked upon as valuable advice to ensure safe working conditions. This training workshop covers the basic procedures in working safely on high voltage systems including the aspects of safety management and safety auditing.
The workshop aims to impart a thorough overall knowledge of working safely on high voltage installations and the various related topics including:
Safety legislation
Electrical hazards and safety management
Technical aspects of electrical safety
Safety in operation and maintenance
Importance of periodic inspection of electrical installations for ensuring safety
Safety audits to detect shortcomings
The workshop will include hands-on practice in safety documentation such as development of switching plans and electrical access permits of different types.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Design engineers
Electrical operators
Maintenance technicians
Plant electrical engineers
Project engineers
Testing and commissioning engineers and technicians
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/high-voltage-electrical-compliance-and-safety-operating-procedures-14
Mechanical, Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Non-EngineersLiving Online
You will learn the basic applied concepts of mechanical, electrical and instrumentation engineering in this workshop. This will enable you to work more effectively with your engineering colleagues – no matter whether they are operators, tradespersons, technicians or engineers. There are three main threads running through this course – initially mechanical engineering, then electrical engineering best practice and concluded with instrumentation (or industrial automation).
Mechanical engineering in simple terms deals with any equipment that moves; this is what makes it perhaps the most broad and diverse of engineering disciplines. The mechanical discipline essentially derives its breadth from the need to design and manufacture everything from small, even nano, individual devices, such as measuring instruments, to large systems such as machine tools and power plants.
The focus in electrical engineering is on the building blocks of electrical engineering, the fundamentals of electrical design and integrating electrical engineering know-how into the other disciplines within an organisation. Unnecessary theory will be minimised. The dangers and risks from electrocution, shock, explosions and arc blast can never be eliminated but you can take definite steps to protect yourself and your co-workers. The topics in instrumentation engineering commence with an introduction to instrumentation and measurement ranging from pressure, level, temperature and flow devices followed by a review of process control including the all important topic of PID loop tuning.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Administration staff
Civil, mechanical, chemical, mining engineers, technologists and technicians
Electrical contractors
Finance, IT and accounting managers
Human resources managers
IT personnel
Legal personnel
Managers who are involved with or work with staff and projects in electrical engineering
Non-electrical and mechanical engineers and technicians
Non-electrical and mechanical personnel who want to understand the broader picture
Non-engineering personnel
Operators
Plant and facility engineers
Procurement and buying staff
Project managers
Sales engineers
Senior managers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/mechanical-electrical-and-instrumentation-engineering-non-engineers?id=8057
Installation, Testing and Troubleshooting of TransformersLiving Online
This will provide you with practical knowledge (including tips, tricks and tools) covering the fundamentals of power transformers and their testing. It will greatly assist you in communicating more effectively with your electrical engineering colleagues. At the end of this workshop, participants will be familiar with the importance of transformer testing and their purpose, the different kinds of transformer tests and their procedures and the practical applications of principals applied in transformer operation and maintenance.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
This workshop will be appropriate for the following professionals:
Electrical engineers
Maintenance engineers
Maintenance supervisors
Power electricians
Power engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/installation-testing-and-troubleshooting-transformers-24
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-24
Designing For Improved Semicon Equipment PerformanceBSEmarketing
Designing semiconductor equipment that maintains high levels of precision, speed, and uptime is one difficult job. With interference and contamination constantly threatening the success of your designs, selecting the right electrical conducting and EMI/RFI shielding components is critical.
Practical Electrical Wiring Standards - AS 3000:2007Living Online
This workshop aims to familiarise the participants with the requirements laid down in the standard AS/NZS 3000:2007, commonly known as Australia-New Zealand Wiring Rules. For those installations covered in the scope of this standard, its provisions are mandatory and must be followed. Any engineer involved in planning and design of electrical systems, their installation or maintenance must have a clear idea about the various requirements contained in the standard.
The primary purpose of this standard, like many of its various other equivalent national standards, is to ensure the safety of personnel against the dangers arising from the use and handling of electrical equipment and appliances. The introductory modules of this workshop outline the basic principles that should be understood for a better appreciation of the standard. These include modules, which illustrate the calculation for the power demand of a system and the computation of earth fault current as discussed in the appendices of the standard, which are informative in nature but yet are very important in making an electrical system safe for operation. The actual provisions of the standard are then discussed in detail in the subsequent modules.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-electrical-wiring-standards-asnzs-30002007
Practical Medium and High voltage Testing of Electrical Equipment for Enginee...Living Online
Testing is an essential activity in any engineer’s career. Whatever your role in industry (electrical designer, purchase engineer, manufacturer, installation contractor or maintenance engineer) a solid knowledge of tests to be carried out on a given piece of electrical equipment and interpretation of results obtained is a necessity. This workshop is designed to familiarise you with various aspects of testing general electrical equipment and high voltage testing in particular.
Examples will be cited from various international standards regarding the procedure for conducting of tests and interpreting the test results. The need for keeping proper records of tests conducted both in the initial stages and later during routine maintenance will be discussed. Some of the tests are too complex to be performed on a routine basis or may require specialised equipment which may not be normally available to user industries or even manufacturers. This is where the services of an independent and accredited test lab is useful. The role of such labs will be briefly discussed.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Building service designers
Consulting engineers
Control engineers
Data systems planners and managers
Electrical engineers
Electrical technicians
Instrumentation engineers
Instrumentation technicians
Maintenance engineers
Power system protection engineers
Project engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-medium-high-voltage-testing-electrical-equipment-engineers-and-technicians-48
Electrical Substations and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
This course is aimed at engineers who are already working as electrical system designers as well as those who belong to any of the fields listed below and wish to prepare themselves for moving into the role of a substation designer.
Utility engineers dealing with power transmission and distribution systems
Electrical engineers involved in power generating plants with utility scale generators
Electrical engineers in large industries who are associated with power distribution
Consulting engineers involved in design of substations
Contractors executing projects involving electrical HV substations
Electrical commissioning engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
Power Cables Operation, Maintenance, Location and Fault DetectionLiving Online
Faults in underground cable may cause loss of supply to customers and loss of revenue for suppliers so it is imperative that the fault location process is efficient and accurate to minimise excavation time, which results in reducing inconvenience to all concerned. For fault locating to be efficient and accurate technical staff need to have expert knowledge accompanied with experience in order to attain service reliability.
This workshop is designed to ensure that those responsible for the selection, laying, operation, maintenance and monitoring of power cables understands the technical issues involved and comply with relevant specifications and requirements.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Anyone associated with power cable operation, maintenance, location and fault detection techniques. The workshop will also benefit those working in system design as well as site commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting. Typical personnel who would benefit are:
Electrical maintenance technicians and supervisors
Maintenance personnel
Operations personnel
Process control engineers
Service technicians
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/power-cables-operation-maintenance-location-and-fault-detection-39
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION - http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-25
High current is a hazard to the turbine and technicians alike. For the turbine, lightning strikes can damage blades and short out electric equipment when not sufficiently grounded. There are ways to handle the high current in lightning. Inside the nacelle, technicians have to diagnose issues to get troubled turbines back into production as soon as possible. Several new smart electrical meters can assist that work.
There are a lot of methods of transportation available today, and we understand you’re challenged to make travel by rail as reliable, efficient, safe, comfortable and cost-effective as possible. Driven by regulations and increased globalization, you must find ways to reduce downtime, increase productivity and enhance safety and security for future sustainability.
Tools and Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV SystemsTranscat
This course will review the tests to perform, the science behind why they are necessary, and the appropriate tools to conduct them, including digital multimeters, clamp meters, thermal imaging, insulation resistance, I-V curve tracers, irradiance meters, power quality, and solar asset management software.
Installation, Testing and Troubleshooting of TransformersLiving Online
This will provide you with practical knowledge (including tips, tricks and tools) covering the fundamentals of power transformers and their testing. It will greatly assist you in communicating more effectively with your electrical engineering colleagues. At the end of this workshop, participants will be familiar with the importance of transformer testing and their purpose, the different kinds of transformer tests and their procedures and the practical applications of principals applied in transformer operation and maintenance.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
This workshop will be appropriate for the following professionals:
Electrical engineers
Maintenance engineers
Maintenance supervisors
Power electricians
Power engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/installation-testing-and-troubleshooting-transformers-24
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-24
Designing For Improved Semicon Equipment PerformanceBSEmarketing
Designing semiconductor equipment that maintains high levels of precision, speed, and uptime is one difficult job. With interference and contamination constantly threatening the success of your designs, selecting the right electrical conducting and EMI/RFI shielding components is critical.
Practical Electrical Wiring Standards - AS 3000:2007Living Online
This workshop aims to familiarise the participants with the requirements laid down in the standard AS/NZS 3000:2007, commonly known as Australia-New Zealand Wiring Rules. For those installations covered in the scope of this standard, its provisions are mandatory and must be followed. Any engineer involved in planning and design of electrical systems, their installation or maintenance must have a clear idea about the various requirements contained in the standard.
The primary purpose of this standard, like many of its various other equivalent national standards, is to ensure the safety of personnel against the dangers arising from the use and handling of electrical equipment and appliances. The introductory modules of this workshop outline the basic principles that should be understood for a better appreciation of the standard. These include modules, which illustrate the calculation for the power demand of a system and the computation of earth fault current as discussed in the appendices of the standard, which are informative in nature but yet are very important in making an electrical system safe for operation. The actual provisions of the standard are then discussed in detail in the subsequent modules.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-electrical-wiring-standards-asnzs-30002007
Practical Medium and High voltage Testing of Electrical Equipment for Enginee...Living Online
Testing is an essential activity in any engineer’s career. Whatever your role in industry (electrical designer, purchase engineer, manufacturer, installation contractor or maintenance engineer) a solid knowledge of tests to be carried out on a given piece of electrical equipment and interpretation of results obtained is a necessity. This workshop is designed to familiarise you with various aspects of testing general electrical equipment and high voltage testing in particular.
Examples will be cited from various international standards regarding the procedure for conducting of tests and interpreting the test results. The need for keeping proper records of tests conducted both in the initial stages and later during routine maintenance will be discussed. Some of the tests are too complex to be performed on a routine basis or may require specialised equipment which may not be normally available to user industries or even manufacturers. This is where the services of an independent and accredited test lab is useful. The role of such labs will be briefly discussed.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Building service designers
Consulting engineers
Control engineers
Data systems planners and managers
Electrical engineers
Electrical technicians
Instrumentation engineers
Instrumentation technicians
Maintenance engineers
Power system protection engineers
Project engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-medium-high-voltage-testing-electrical-equipment-engineers-and-technicians-48
Electrical Substations and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
This course is aimed at engineers who are already working as electrical system designers as well as those who belong to any of the fields listed below and wish to prepare themselves for moving into the role of a substation designer.
Utility engineers dealing with power transmission and distribution systems
Electrical engineers involved in power generating plants with utility scale generators
Electrical engineers in large industries who are associated with power distribution
Consulting engineers involved in design of substations
Contractors executing projects involving electrical HV substations
Electrical commissioning engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
Power Cables Operation, Maintenance, Location and Fault DetectionLiving Online
Faults in underground cable may cause loss of supply to customers and loss of revenue for suppliers so it is imperative that the fault location process is efficient and accurate to minimise excavation time, which results in reducing inconvenience to all concerned. For fault locating to be efficient and accurate technical staff need to have expert knowledge accompanied with experience in order to attain service reliability.
This workshop is designed to ensure that those responsible for the selection, laying, operation, maintenance and monitoring of power cables understands the technical issues involved and comply with relevant specifications and requirements.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Anyone associated with power cable operation, maintenance, location and fault detection techniques. The workshop will also benefit those working in system design as well as site commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting. Typical personnel who would benefit are:
Electrical maintenance technicians and supervisors
Maintenance personnel
Operations personnel
Process control engineers
Service technicians
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/power-cables-operation-maintenance-location-and-fault-detection-39
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION - http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-25
High current is a hazard to the turbine and technicians alike. For the turbine, lightning strikes can damage blades and short out electric equipment when not sufficiently grounded. There are ways to handle the high current in lightning. Inside the nacelle, technicians have to diagnose issues to get troubled turbines back into production as soon as possible. Several new smart electrical meters can assist that work.
There are a lot of methods of transportation available today, and we understand you’re challenged to make travel by rail as reliable, efficient, safe, comfortable and cost-effective as possible. Driven by regulations and increased globalization, you must find ways to reduce downtime, increase productivity and enhance safety and security for future sustainability.
Tools and Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV SystemsTranscat
This course will review the tests to perform, the science behind why they are necessary, and the appropriate tools to conduct them, including digital multimeters, clamp meters, thermal imaging, insulation resistance, I-V curve tracers, irradiance meters, power quality, and solar asset management software.
THE WORKSHOP:
This practical workshop covers all the essentials of process control and tools to optimise the operation of your plant and process, including the ability to perform effective loop tuning.
Practical process control is aimed at engineers and technicians who wish to have a clear, practical understanding of the essentials of process control and loop tuning, as well as how to optimise the operation of their particular plant or process. These persons would typically be primarily involved in the design, implementation and upgrading of industrial control systems. Mathematical theory has been kept to a minimum with the emphasis throughout on practical applications and useful information.
Inspection, Testing and Commissioning of Electrical Switchboards, Circuit Bre...Living Online
THE WORKSHOP:
Whether you are designing, specifying, installing, testing or commissioning electrical equipment from small to large commercial and industrial installations, you need to have a thorough understanding of switchboards, switchgear, circuit breakers and associated protective relays.
The overall focus of this workshop is on electrical inspection, testing and commissioning and will commence with a detailed examination of switchgear (and circuit breakers). Circuit breakers are critical components in electrical distribution systems and their operation significantly affects the overall operation of the system. Protection relays are then discussed. These are used in power systems to maximise continuity of supply and are found in both small and large power systems from generation, through transmission, distribution and utilisation of power in plant, industrial and commercial equipment.
We cover commissioning and periodic inspection of cables and their various failure modes and how to detect these faults. The often neglected topic of switchboards will be detailed next, followed by the interesting topic of interfacing to the control system (either PLC’s or other control devices).
Case studies and practical sessions are used throughout to illustrate key practical principles.
This workshop covers key elements in a practical and project focused way. Many people assume (wrongly) that inspecting, testing and commissioning is a fairly straightforward process and is simply a rubber stamp confirmation of a so-called outstanding design. Our experience in the field demonstrates quite the opposite; where the litany of problems ranges from design and installation errors to equipment manufacturing defects. It is best that these problems are identified and corrected before the inevitable downtime comes in an operational installation where many thousands of dollars are lost in correcting the faults. The situation today is made more challenging by the heightened safety requirements and interfacing to low powered electronic control and monitoring devices (such as PLC’s) using software that has to also be verified.
Hands on Data Communications, Networking & TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
THE WORKSHOP:
Data communication is given high priority in today’s industrial environment. This workshop is designed to be hands-on, providing the participants with essential knowledge and helping them to understand and troubleshoot systems.
This is a comprehensive two-day hands-on workshop that covers practical aspects of data communication such as serial communications, Ethernet networking, TCP/IP, Modbus, wireless communications and security.
This workshop is for enthusiastic engineers and technicians who wish to develop and enhance their practical knowledge in the field of data communications and networking. It will help them to understand the concepts behind data transmission, the various protocols involved, and the topologies that govern data exchange among various systems in industry. It will also equip them with the skills and tools to design and/or maintain these systems on an ongoing basis.
Fundamentals of Instrumentation, Process Control, PLCs and SCADA for Plant Op...Living Online
THE WORKSHOP:
This course represents a tremendous opportunity to gain expertise in all the key areas of the fast growing area of industrial automation in two days. Presented by an expert in the area but who is passionate with getting the key chunks of know-how and expertise across to you in a simple understandable manner which you can immediately apply to your job. This is most definitely not a boring lecture style presentation but an intensive learning experience where you will walk away with real skills as a result of the hands-on practical exercises, calculations, case studies and group sessions to ensure an understanding of the concepts and ideas discussed. You will undertake practical sessions at approximately 20 to 30 minute intervals to maximise the absorption rate.
Practical Alarm Management for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
The manual focuses on simple and practical information for personnel ranging from operators all the way up to supervisors, engineers and managers.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-alarm-management-engineers-and-technicians-26?id=8
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
1. Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Pressure Measurement
By Steve Mackay – Dean of Engineering
Engineering Institute of Technology
2. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
EIT Micro-Course Series
• Every two weeks we present a 35 to
45 minute interactive course
• Practical, useful with Q & A
throughout
• PID loop Tuning / Arc Flash
Protection, Functional Safety,
Troubleshooting conveyors
presented so far
• Upcoming:
– Electrical Troubleshooting and much
much more…..
• Go to
http://www.idc-online.com/slideshare
• You get the recording and slides
3. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Topics
• Principles
• Pressure Sources
• Pressure Transducers - Mechanical
• Pressure Transducers - Electrical
• Installation
• Impact on overall loop
• Selection Tables
• The Future
4. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Principles
• Pressure = Force per unit area
• Units of psi, mm Hg and kPa
• Absolute Pressure referenced to a vacuum
• Gauge Pressure referred to one standard atmosphere
• Differential Pressure compares two different pressures
5. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Pressure Sources
• Static Pressure
Due to weight of the molecules “pressing down”
• Dynamic Pressure
Relative movement when a body is moving through air
8. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Total Pressure
• Total Pressure = Static Pressure + Dynamic
Pressure
9. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Pressure Transducers - Mechanical
•Bourdon Tube
•Helix and spiral tubes
•Spring and Bellows
•Diaphragm
•Manometer
•Single and Double Inverted Bell
10. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
C-Bourdon Tube
• Bent tube will change its shape when exposed to
variations in internal or external pressure
• Orientation dependent for correct results
• Vertical mounting
• Wide Operating range
11. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
C-Bourdon
• Advantages
– Inexpensive
– Wide Operating Range
– Fast response
– Good sensitivity
– Direct Pressure
measurement
Disadvantages
– Primarily intended for
indication only
– Non-linear transducer
– Hysteresis on cycling
– Sensitive to temperature
variations
– Limited life when subject
to shock and vibration
12. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
C-Bourdon Pressure Element
LimitationsLimitations
•Use air if calibrated
for air
•Use in liquid if
calibrated for liquid
•Bleed air from the
liquid lines
•Limited where there
is input shock
•If for Oxygen, device
cannot be calibrated
for oil
13. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Helix and Spiral Tubes
• With one end sealed, pressure causes the
tube to straighten out
• Spiral suitable up to 28000 kPa
• Helical suitable up to 500000 kPa
14. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Helix and Spiral Tubes
•Spiral Bourdon Element
•Helix Bourdon Element
15. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Spiral/Helix tubes
Increased accuracy and sensitivity
Higher overrange protection
•Disadvantages Very Expensive
•Advantages
16. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Spring and Bellows
• Expandable element
• Free end responds to pressure
• Spring used to oppose force
• Linkage connects end to pointer for indication
• Primarily for ON / OFF control
• Provides clean contacts for electrical circuits
• Responds to pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
changes
20. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Diaphragm, Bellows or Piston?
• Pressure applied to actuator
- Diaphragm, bellows or piston type
• Piston used for hydraulic fluids
at high pressure
• Not used for air or water as
accuracy is limited
21. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Refrigeration Applications
• Pulsation generated by reciprocating refrigeration
compressors
• Require additional pulsation dampening
22. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Refrigeration Applications
• Simple construction
• Easily maintained
• Inexpensive
• Sensitive to temperature
variations
• Work hardening of bellows
• Hysteresis
• Poor over range protection
Advantages Disadvantages
• Range into vacuum required where settings approach 0 psi
• Surges of pressure can occur prior to steady state condition
• Bellows and fittings are specially prepared for oxygen and nitrous
oxide
Application Limitations
23. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Diaphragm
• Sensor measurement dependent on deflection
of diaphragm
• Flexible disc
• Flat or with concentric corrugations
• Sheet metal with high tolerance dimensions
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Simple Corrugated Diaphragm
Diaphragm Sensors
• Two main types:
– Motion
balanced
– Force balanced
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Advantages - Diaphragm
• Provide isolation from process fluid
• Good for low pressure
• Inexpensive
• Wide range
• Reliable and proven
• Used to measure gauge, atmospheric and
differential pressure
26. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Manometer
• Simplest form is U-shaped, liquid filled tube
• Reference and measured pressure applied to
ends of tube
• Difference in pressure causes difference in
liquid level between sides
27. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Simplest Form of Manometer
Atmospheric Reference
•For water
1.0 Pa (Pascal) = 0.9807 mmH2O
•For mercury
1.0 Pa (Pascal) = 133.3
mmHg
28. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Typical Applications
• Mainly spot checks or calibration
– Modern calibration using electronic meters
• Low range measurements
– Higher measurements require mercury
- toxic, therefore hazardous
29. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Manometer
Advantages
Disadvantages
Simple operation and Construction
Inexpensive
Range (water)
Higher pressure range requires
mercury
Readings are localised
Application Limitations
Size limits operation to low range
Difficult to integrate into
continuous control system
30. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Single and Double Inverted Bell
•Measures pressure difference between sides of bell
shaped compartment
•The bell instrument is used where very low
pressures are to be measured, typically 0 - 250 Pa
•To reference to surrounding conditions
Lower compartment vented to
outside
Gauge pressure measured
32. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Pressure Transducers and
Elements - Electrical
• Strain gauge
• Vibrating wire
• Piezoelectric
• Capacitance
• Linear Variable Differential Transformer
• Optical
33. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Strain Gauges
• Metal wire or semiconductor chip
• Change in resistance as metal is
deformed by pressure
• Temperature sensitive
– Temperature compensation required
– Often use Wheatstone bridge
35. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Typical Application
• Force
Applied to diaphragm
Through silicone fill fluid
To polysilicon sensor
• Reference side exposed to atmospheric pressure for
gauge transmitters
36. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Strain Gauges
• Wide range, 7.5kPa to 1400MPa.
• Inaccuracy of 0.1%
• Small in size
• Stable devices with fast response
• Most have no moving parts
• Good overrange capability
Disadvanta
ges
• Unstable due to bonding material
• Temperature sensitive
• Thermoelastic strain causes
hysteresis
Advantages
37. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Vibrating Wire
• Electronic oscillator circuit causes natural
frequency oscillation of wire
• Wire under tension in
diaphragm
• Pressure changes causes changes in
natural frequency
38. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Vibrating Wire
• Good accuracy and repeatability
• Stable
• Low hysteresis
• High resolution
• Absolute, gauge or differential
measurement
• Temperature sensitive
• Affected by shock and vibration
• Non-linear
• Physically large
Advantages
Disadvantages
39. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Piezoelectric
• Crystals elastically deformed when force
applied
• Measure rate of change of deformation
• Electrical output proportional to applied
acceleration
40. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Piezoelectric
• Accuracy 0.075%
• Very high pressure measurement, up
to 70MPa.
• Small size
• Robust
• Fast response, < 1 nanosecond
• Self-generated signal
•Disadvantages
• Dynamic sensing only
• Temperature sensitive
•Advantages
42. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Capacitance
• Diaphragm movement causes capacitance
change
• Sensor energised by a high frequency
electrical oscillator
• Relative capacitance measured by bridge
circuit
44. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Capacitance
• Inaccuracy 0.01 to 0.2%
• Range of 80Pa to 35MPa.
• Linearity
• Fast response
• Temperature sensitive
• Stray capacitance problems
• Vibration
• Limited overpressure
capability
• Cost
Advantages
Disadvantages
45. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Linear Variable Differential
Transformer
• Mechanical
wear
• Vibration
• Movement of high permeability material within
transformer coils
• Pressure transferred via diaphragm, bellows or
bourdon tube
Disadvantages
46. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Optical
• Opaque vane mounted to the diaphragm
• Vane moves in front of infrared beam
• Received light indicates position of the
diaphragm
48. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Optical
• Temperature corrected
• Good repeatability
• Negligible hysteresis
Advantages
Disadvantages • Expensive
49. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Installation considerations
• Location of Connections
• Isolation Valves
• Impulse Tubing
• Test and Drain Valves
• Construction
• Temperature
• Remote Diaphragm Seals
• Precautions with Remote Diaphragm Seals
• Process Flanges
• Additional Hardware
50. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Location of Process Connections
• Top of process line for gases
• Side of lines for other fluids
Isolation
Valves
Between process fluid and measuring
equipment if device is to be taken out
51. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Use of Impulse tubing
Test and Drain Valves
• Blowdown valve needed for
toxic or corrosive fluid
Impulse piping
• Short as possible
• Self draining by sloping lines
towards the process
52. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Sensor Construction
Wheatstone bridge often used to
compensate for temperature effects
Temperature Effects
Mechanical and thermal isolation
Position in neck of electronics
housing
Away from process flange
53. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Remote Diaphragm Seals
Corrosion is possible
Fluid viscosity may cause clogging
Process temperature is outside
normal operating temperature of
transmitter
Fluid may solidify
Fluid needs to be flushed
Maintaining sanitary or aseptic conditions
Making density or other measurements.
NEEDS
54. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Remote Diaphragm Seals
Large diameter minimises temperature effects
Short capillary reduces temperature effects
In two seal system use same diaphragm diameter
capillary length
Transmitter below lower tap when using vacuum
Fluid to cope with extremes, ie temp and pressure
Fill and process fluids compatible
Precautions
fluid
55. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Process Flanges
•Coplanar flange
- Becoming more standard
•Traditional flange
- Traditional biplanar configurations
•Level flange
- Permits direct process mounting
56. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Additional Hardware
• If pulsation dampeners are required the
material and fill fluids must be compatible
with the process fluid
• Siphons of correct material required for
vapours above 60oC
57. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Overall Control Loop
•Impact
Longer response due to material
build-up on sensing element
Over-ranging causing incorrect readings
58. www.eit.edu.au Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Thank You For Your Interest
If you are interested in further training, please visit:
IDC Technologies Short Courses:
Two-day practical courses available to the public:
http://www.idc-online.com/slideshare