Networking began in the 1960s when the US Department of Defense developed early computer networks to withstand a nuclear attack. The document then discusses the basics of networking including definitions of networking and common network types. It also explains the OSI model and its seven layers. Finally, it provides examples of DCS networks from Siemens and ABB that incorporate both Ethernet networks and high-speed serial networks to connect control system devices.

1. NETWORK PROTOCOL
Prepared By
KetanNayak140413117005
HarshParmar(140413117006)

2. INDEX
Sr No TOPIC
A) BASICS OF NETWORKING
1. HOW NETWORKING STARTED
2. WHAT IS NETWORKING
3. TYPES OF NETWORK & DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES
4. WHAT IS OSI LAYER & ITS FUNCTION
5. IP ADDRESSING
B) DCS NETWORKS
1. SIEMENS TELEPREM ME NETWORK

3. BASICS OF NETWORKING
• Networking began its infancy in mid-1960’s by US
Department of Defence(DoD).
• The Original Intention of Networking was being
Developed to Withstand Nuclear War.
• Telephone Networks were Vulnerable and Would
Terminate all Conversations when Nuclear War to be
Occurred.

4. BASICS OF NETWORKING
• The OSI Model had seven layers because at the time,
IBM had a proprietary Seven Layer Protocol called
SNA(System Network Architecture).
• At that time IBM dominated the Computer
Companies, because OSI was Produced like IBM
Reference model.
• The OSI Model become the World Standard and was
not controlled by one Company, but by a Neutral
Organization, ISA (International Standards Association)

5. BASICS OF NETWORKING
• Networking is the Sharing of the Information and
Services.
• Computer Networking Provides the Communication
Tools to Allow Computers
to Share Information and Abilities.

6. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• LAN- LOCAL AREA NETWORK IS A SMALL
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS OUR SCHOOL BOARD.
• MAN- METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS A
NETWORK OVER A LARGER GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
SUCH AS A PROVINCAL GOVERNMENT.
• WAN- WIDE AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK USED
OVER AN EXTREMELY LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
SUCH AS FEDARAL GOVERNMENT.

7. TOPOLOGIES
• NETWORKS ARE BROKEN INTO 3 TOPOLOGIES THEY
ARE:
 BUS TOPOLOGY
 STAR TOPOLOGY
 RING TOPOLOGY

8. TOPOLOGIES
BUS TOPOLOGY ALLOWS INFORMATION TO BE
DIRECTED FROM ONE COMPUTER TO OTHER VIA LOTS
OF BINARY COLLISION.

9. • STAR TOPOLOGY IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE USED.
ALLCOMPUTERS ARE ATTACHED TO A HUB. LESS
COLLISIONS AND MOST EFFICIENT.

10. • RING TOPOLOGY USES A TOKEN TO PASS
INFORMATION FROM 1 COMPUTER TO THE OTHER A
TOKEN IS ATTACHED TO THE MESSAGE BY IDENTITY
OF A SENDER TO IDENTIFY WHICH COMPUTER TO
RECEIVE A MESSAGE.

11. COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
• TWISTED SHIELDED PAIR – USED IN PHONE LINES
NETWORKS.
• UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR- USED IN PHONE LINES
NETWORKS.
• COAXIAL CABLE – USED IN CABLEVISION GREAT FOR
VIDEO.
• FIBER OPTIC CABLES – USES LIGHT TO CARRY SIGNAL BUT
HARD O WORK WITH LOSSES SIGNAL OVER DISTANCES
LONGER THAN (2 TO 25 KMS)

12. TYPICAL CROSSOVER CABLE

13. LAYERS OF OSI MODEL
• LAYER 1 PHYSICAL
• LAYER 2 DATA LINK
• LAYER 3 NETWORK
• LAYER 4 TRANSPORT
• LAYER 5 SESSION
• LAYER 6 PRESENTATION
• LAYER 7 APPLICATION

14. THE PHYSICAL LAYER
• The physical layer is concerned with transmitting raw bits
over a communication channel though hubs, wires,
modems, network cards.. Basically anything that is
physical to network.
• In Networking, Computers are also known as Hosts or
Nodes.
• When looking at network cables there are 2 types that
affect nodes they are
1. Patch Cables
2. Crossover Cables

15. THE DATA LINK LAYER
• The data link layer takes a raw transmission and
transform into a line that appears free of transmission
errors in network layer.
• The Data Link Layer also is where you find the MAC
Address.
• You’ll also find smart devices such as switches in Data link
Layer
• The Digital Information that needs to be sent as
E-mail Attachments needs to be Broken into smaller bits
called Packets.
• These Packets need some Information similar to sending
a letter in the mail.

16. • There are Number of Packets that Will Each other to
the Final Destination.

17. NETWORK LAYER
• The Network Layer is Concerned with Controlling the
Operation of the Subnet. A ROUTER is used to Determine
how packets are routed from source to destination.
• If one path is busy, then the router will select another
path for packets to travel. So really, the Packets can all
have different paths and find their way to Final
Destination.
• The Router has Millions of the IP Address Built Into
Software and Knows where to send Packets.
• IP stands for the Internet Protocol and is basically an
Address that [ackets will be sent to.

18. TRANSPORT LAYER
• The Transport Layer “DIRECTS PACKETS” splits it up
into smaller units if need be, Pass these to network
and ensure that the pieces are travelling in an orderly
fashion.
• A Series of Protocols are also established in this layer
to ensure the proper flow of Packets.
• You can basically describe the Transport Layer as a
“TRAFFIC COP”.

19. THE SESSION LAYER
• The Session Allows different Machine to Establish
session between themselves.
• Once communication are established encryption
then begins both parties.

20. THE PRESENTATION LAYER
• The Presentation Layer Job is Managing data
structures and converting from representation used
inside the computer to network standard
representation.
• In other terms the Presentation Layer basically takes
the Packets and re-assembles them so you can open
e-mail or the Attachment.
• If any Packets gets Lost along the way, or were
damaged then the Presentation Layer will send a sign
to sender that it requires the specific packet.

21. THE APPLICATION LAYER
• The Application Layer contains variety of the
Protocols that are commonly required.
• Another Application Layer function is file Transfer.
• Different file systems have different file naming
conventions, different ways of representing text lines
and so on.
• Transferring File Between two Different Systems
requires handling and other Incompatibilities.

22. THE APPLICATION LAYER
• FTP- File Transfer Protocol
FTP provides a standard system for sending
and receiving files over IP networks.
• HTTP Protocol
Web Browsers and servers use the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to Communicate.
• Electronic Mail Protocols
Several network protocols were developed
specifically to support electronic mail over internet.
• SO AP – Simple Object Access Protocol
The SO AP Defines a Standard Way to Encode Objects within
network packets using XML.

23. • IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 6
IPv6 promises to relieve the current IP address shortage,
and this new version of the protocol may also increase
performance and improve administration capabilities.
• PPPoE
The Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Standard helps access Providers manage their
broadband service delivery and it can also improve
the ease of use for DSL and Cable Modem Customers.

24. DCS NETWORK
• ABB DCS PRESENT LAN CONFIGURATION

25. DCS NETWORK
• ABB DCS NETWORK CONSISTS OF 2 NETWORKS
1. OPERATION NETWORK(O-NET) RJ48 ETHERNET CAT-5E CABLES ARE USED
AND SPEED UP TO 10 Mbps.
2. COMMUNICATION NETWORK (C-NET) IS UNIDIRECTIONAL HIGH SPEED
SERIAL DATA NETWORK THAT OPERATES AT 10MHz COMMUNICATION RATE.
IT SUPPORTS UP TO 250 NODES.
3. HARMONY NETWORK COMMUNICATION COUPLER(HNCC) – IT
SERVES AS GATEWAY BETWEEN O-NET & C-NET.

26. SIEMENS DCS NETWORK

27. SIEMENS DCS NETWORK
• CS 275 SYSTEM BUS- It Permits Serial Transmission of data between
various participants (OS 220EA & AS 220OEA) connected to it. It works on token
passing principle or the flying master function. This flying master principle means
that the bus control is distributed.

28. THANKS TO ALL OF YOU,
AND KEEP SMILING UNTIL WE
MEET NEXT TIME &
“ALWAYS BE IN GOOD
NETWORK”