Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two prominent theories of learning. Classical conditioning, studied by Ivan Pavlov, is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflexive response through repeated pairing. Operant conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, is a type of learning based on the idea that behavior is shaped by its consequences. Behaviorist psychologists draw conclusions based on observations of what organisms do in their environment, and their theories include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and other types of cognitive, observational, and social learning.

1. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Group Reading Assignment 1
Unit 3: Sessions 2
Lecturer Name: Mr. Richard Tetteh Amenyedzi
Group members: Eunice Ibrahim, Rose Tetteh Yaa Daisy,
Louis Fiagbor.
THE THEORIES OF LEARNING;
CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL
CONDITIONING.

2.  Theories of learning are frameworks that attempts to explain how people
acquire knowledge behaviors and skills. The prominent theories of
learning are below.
Behaviorist Theory
Adult Learning Theory Cognitive Theory
Connectivism Theory Constructivist Theory
Social Learning Theory

3. Classical conditioning was studied by Ivan Pavlov. It is
a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes
associated with a reflexive responses through repeated
pairing. Pavlov experiments with dogs. He paired food
and bell. After several pairings of bell, he noted
something interesting ; He called the food Unconditioned
stimulus(UCS] and the salivation a conditioned stimulus
(CS) because it is a previously neutral stimulus that did
not elicit salivation. The response to the bell was labelled
a conditioned response (CR).

4. Operant conditioning is a type of learning
process in behavioral psychology. It was
developed by B.F Skinner and is based on the
idea that behavior is shaped by its
consequences. Other types of operant learning
cognitive learning ,observational learning,
social learning and informational processing.

5.  Behaviorist phycologist base their
conclusions on observations or on what they see
the organisms doing in the environment.
Behaviorist have several views which
includes;classical conditioning theory,
instructional conditioning, operant
conditioning etc. We learnt that with classical
conditioning, behaviorist mainly elicited through
involuntary reflex actions.