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Slide presentation about the socratic method with a short introduction of socrates life. This also depict the philosophical thinking of socrates, who is an ancient philosopher from Greece.
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The document provides an overview of philosophy, including its meaning, nature, scope, goals, importance, branches, and epochs. It discusses how philosophy begins from wonder and wandering. Key points include:
- Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom and arises from curiosity and desire to learn and understand things.
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Philosophy lecture rpc
The document provides an overview of philosophy, including its meaning, nature, scope, goals, importance, branches, and epochs. It discusses how philosophy begins from wonder and wandering. Key points include:
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What Does It All MeanNAGELWhat Zto It AllMean.docx
What Does It All Mean?
NAGEL
What Zto It All
Mean?
A Very Short Introduction
to Philosophy
New York Oxford
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1987
:-J±
7/7
FBCHA:,..
PnOGED.:
*.
Oxford University Press
Oxford New York Toronto
Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi
Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo
Nairobi Dar es Salaatn Cape Town
Melbourne Auckland
and associated companies in
Beirut Berlín Ibadan Nicosia
Copyright © 1987 by Thomas Nagel
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electroníc, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nagel, Thomas.
What does it all mean?
1. Philosophy—Introductions. I. Title.
BD21.N24 1987 100 87-14316
ISBN 0-19-505292-7
ISBN 0-19-505216-1 (pbk.)
3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
|0st¡tuto deinvesíigac.ü ,es Filosófica!
B I B u i O T . C A
, BBBABDO GARCÍA MAYNEZ"
CIUDAD UMVERSITARIA
MÉXICO SO, O, F
T I T U T O
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. How Do We Know Anything? 8
3. OtherMinds 19
4. The Mind-Body Problem 27
5. The Meaning of Words 38
6. FreeWill 47
7. Right and Wrong 59
8. Justice 76
9. Death 87
10. The Meaning of Life 95
What Does It All Mean?
Introduction
This book is a brief introduction to philosophy
for people who don't know the first thing about
the subject. People ordinarily study philosophy
only when they go to college, and I suppose that
most readers will be of college age or older. But
that has nothing to do with the nature of the
subject, and I would be very glad if the book
were also of interest to intelligent high school
students with a taste for abstract ideas and the-
oretical arguments—should any of them read it.
Our analytical capacities are often highly de-
veloped before we have learned a great deal
about the world, and around the age of fourteen
many people start to think about philosophical
problems on their own—about what really ex-
ists, whether we can know anything, whether
[ 3 ]
II
What Does It All Mean?
anything is really right or wrong, whether life
has any meaning, whether death is the end.
These problems have been written about for
thousands of years, but the philosophical raw
material comes directly from the world and our
relation to it, not from writings of the past. That
is why they come up again and again, in the
heads of people who haven't read about them.
This is a direct introduction to nine philo-
sophical problems, each of which can be under-
stood in itself, without reference to the history
of thought. I shall not discuss the great philo-
sophical writings of the past or the cultural back-
ground of those writings. The center o.
Focault
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Think out of the box
This document discusses out-of-the-box thinking. It defines out-of-the-box thinking as thinking differently or unconventionally to solve problems. It notes that out-of-the-box thinkers are also called critical thinkers. The document outlines some misconceptions about who can think outside the box, and provides steps like daydreaming, changing routines, and listening to others to encourage out-of-the-box thinking. It closes by paraphrasing Shakespeare's question "to think or not to think" and encourages the reader to think outside established ways of thinking to be truly innovative.
1 midterm lecture triumvirate
The document provides an overview of three major figures in ancient philosophy: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It summarizes that Socrates used the Socratic method of questioning to seek truth. Plato was a student of Socrates and founded the Academy, believing in forms/ideas and that the intellect should control passions. Aristotle was a student of Plato and made contributions to logic, causation, and virtue ethics as a mean between extremes aimed at eudaimonia or happiness.
Socrates life and death
INTRODUCTION:
TEACHING
TEACHING METHOD
SOCRATES BELIEFS
VIRTUES
PHILOSOPHER AND TEACHER
STUDENTS
QUOTES
SOCRATES AND SOPHISTS
SOCRATES AND GREEK
SOCRATES’ APPROACH TO PHILOSOPHY
Three Major Contributions Of Socrates To The Development Of Education
WHY SOCRATES?
POLITICAL VIEWS OF SOCRATES
The Demise of Socrates
FINAL WORDS
LEGACY
EFFECT IN HISTORY
SOCRATES TODAY
ETHICS.pptx
The document discusses the study of ethics. It explains that ethics pertains to standards of right and wrong, and involves examining moral frameworks and applying moral reasoning to analyze dilemmas. The study of ethics belongs within moral philosophy and involves systematically considering belief systems. Ethical questions concern how people ought to live and what is right or wrong. The document outlines areas of ethical study including meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. It also discusses key concepts like morality, values systems, and the relationship between ethics and philosophy.
Support hypotheses or research questions
"RRL" typically stands for "Related Literature" or "Review of Related Literature." It's a section commonly found in academic papers, research proposals, or theses. In the RRL section, the author provides a review and synthesis of existing literature relevant to the topic of their study.
CURRICULUM-SOURCES-AND-INFLUENCES.pptx
Brain teaser games are a great way to challenge your mind and improve your problem-solving skills. Here are some popular brain teaser games you can play:
Sudoku: Sudoku is a number puzzle game that requires you to fill a 9x9 grid with numbers so that each row, column, and 3x3 subgrid contains all the digits from 1 to 9 without repetition.
Crossword Puzzles: Crossword puzzles test your knowledge of words and trivia. You need to fill in a grid with intersecting words based on given clues.
Jigsaw Puzzles: Jigsaw puzzles involve assembling pieces to create a complete picture. They can vary in complexity from simple children's puzzles to intricate, adult-level challenges.
Brain Age: Brain Age is a video game series designed to stimulate your brain with various mini-games and puzzles that target memory, attention, and math skills.
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Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived in Athens in the 5th century BC. He questioned his fellow citizens about morality and virtue through dialogues. Unlike the Sophists who taught that there were no absolute truths, Socrates believed that morality and justice could be discovered through rational inquiry. He was eventually tried for corrupting the youth of Athens and impiety, and was sentenced to death by drinking poison hemlock.
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High-profile science champions such as Stephen Hawking, Neil DeGrasse Tyson and Bill Nye The Science Guy have all gone on record to have a pop at philosophy as past its sell-by date, now that we have SCIENCE to tell us the truth about the world – even going as far as to proclaim the centuries-old discipline, like jazz or guitar rock*, is dead.
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Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics. It originated in ancient Greece and has five main branches: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. The document outlines the key figures and schools of thought in early Western philosophy from Thales to Aristotle. It discusses methods of philosophizing like the Socratic method and different theories of truth and fallacies.
PHILOSOPHY - INTRODUCTION
This document provides an introduction to philosophy and the philosophy of the human person. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and discusses some of the most notable ancient Greek philosophers such as Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Democritus, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It also outlines some of the main branches of philosophy including aesthetics, logic, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, metaphysics, and the philosophy of the human person. The document encourages philosophical thinking by asking questions about reality, knowledge, purpose, freedom, and the human person.
Edward De Bono
Edward de Bono originated the concept of lateral thinking and parallel thinking. He argues that traditional Western thinking is too focused on analysis, judgment, and rejecting contradictions. Instead, parallel thinking seeks to generate ideas by considering possibilities and embracing contradictions. It involves laying out ideas alongside each other without dispute, to explore all perspectives and design creative solutions. De Bono developed tools like the Six Thinking Hats method to enable parallel thinking and move beyond the adversarial approach of traditional Western thought.
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The document discusses the philosophical enterprise and defines philosophy. It outlines that philosophy begins with questioning and the desire to understand one's identity. The document then presents the three disciplines of philosophy: 1) the discipline of questioning, which initiates philosophy through asking questions about oneself, 2) the discipline of liberation, which frees one from unquestioned conformity, and 3) the discipline of personhood, where each individual must philosophize to know and improve themselves. The goal of these disciplines is to philosophize through diversity rather than conformity and live a more meaningful life through questioning and liberation from ignorance.
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Philosophy
A philosophy for everyday life is, in other words, an investigation of the raw reality of life, philosophy is necessary because—this is my claim or thesis—we still have not tasted life in all its richness. We tend to cling on to certain norms or ideals in a way that does not honour our own experience and intuition.
At worst our life becomes an imitation, image or representation of more authoritative ideals. An image is a copy, that is, a simulation of the real reality. We have lost contact with life because we follow ideas or images of how life should be. We live our life as an imitation of a moral model, as if such a model was not just another human artifact.
What Does It All MeanNAGELWhat Zto It AllMean.docx
What Does It All Mean?
NAGEL
What Zto It All
Mean?
A Very Short Introduction
to Philosophy
New York Oxford
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1987
:-J±
7/7
FBCHA:,..
PnOGED.:
*.
Oxford University Press
Oxford New York Toronto
Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi
Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo
Nairobi Dar es Salaatn Cape Town
Melbourne Auckland
and associated companies in
Beirut Berlín Ibadan Nicosia
Copyright © 1987 by Thomas Nagel
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electroníc, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nagel, Thomas.
What does it all mean?
1. Philosophy—Introductions. I. Title.
BD21.N24 1987 100 87-14316
ISBN 0-19-505292-7
ISBN 0-19-505216-1 (pbk.)
3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
|0st¡tuto deinvesíigac.ü ,es Filosófica!
B I B u i O T . C A
, BBBABDO GARCÍA MAYNEZ"
CIUDAD UMVERSITARIA
MÉXICO SO, O, F
T I T U T O
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. How Do We Know Anything? 8
3. OtherMinds 19
4. The Mind-Body Problem 27
5. The Meaning of Words 38
6. FreeWill 47
7. Right and Wrong 59
8. Justice 76
9. Death 87
10. The Meaning of Life 95
What Does It All Mean?
Introduction
This book is a brief introduction to philosophy
for people who don't know the first thing about
the subject. People ordinarily study philosophy
only when they go to college, and I suppose that
most readers will be of college age or older. But
that has nothing to do with the nature of the
subject, and I would be very glad if the book
were also of interest to intelligent high school
students with a taste for abstract ideas and the-
oretical arguments—should any of them read it.
Our analytical capacities are often highly de-
veloped before we have learned a great deal
about the world, and around the age of fourteen
many people start to think about philosophical
problems on their own—about what really ex-
ists, whether we can know anything, whether
[ 3 ]
II
What Does It All Mean?
anything is really right or wrong, whether life
has any meaning, whether death is the end.
These problems have been written about for
thousands of years, but the philosophical raw
material comes directly from the world and our
relation to it, not from writings of the past. That
is why they come up again and again, in the
heads of people who haven't read about them.
This is a direct introduction to nine philo-
sophical problems, each of which can be under-
stood in itself, without reference to the history
of thought. I shall not discuss the great philo-
sophical writings of the past or the cultural back-
ground of those writings. The center o.
Focault
Michel Foucault's theory suggests that the act of being watched changes people's behavior, as they know they are under surveillance. Reality television and social media allow constant watching/voyeurism of others, giving the audience a sense of control. These media can be seen as modern "panopticons" that influence how people present themselves online and on television shows, where they aim to look idealized under the gaze of the audience.
Think out of the box
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1 midterm lecture triumvirate
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Socrates life and death
INTRODUCTION:
TEACHING
TEACHING METHOD
SOCRATES BELIEFS
VIRTUES
PHILOSOPHER AND TEACHER
STUDENTS
QUOTES
SOCRATES AND SOPHISTS
SOCRATES AND GREEK
SOCRATES’ APPROACH TO PHILOSOPHY
Three Major Contributions Of Socrates To The Development Of Education
WHY SOCRATES?
POLITICAL VIEWS OF SOCRATES
The Demise of Socrates
FINAL WORDS
LEGACY
EFFECT IN HISTORY
SOCRATES TODAY
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Omniscience is the attribute of God that means He is all-knowing. He knows everything that has happened, is happening, and will happen. This means that God knows our thoughts, our feelings, and our actions.
Omnipresence is the attribute of God that means He is present everywhere at all times. This means that God is with us wherever we go. He is in the room with us right now, and He will be with us until the end of time.
Holiness is the attribute of God that means He is perfect and without sin. This means that God is the standard of goodness and righteousness. He is the one who defines what is right and wrong.
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Omnipotence is often associated with power and control. However, it is important to remember that God's power is always used for good. He uses His power to protect us, to guide us, and to help us.
Omniscience is often associated with knowledge and wisdom. However, it is important to remember that God's knowledge is always used for love. He knows everything about us, but He loves us unconditionally.
Omnipresence is often associated with being everywhere at once. However, it is important to remember that God's presence is always felt. He is with us in our joys and in our sorrows.
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- 1. THE SOCRATIC METHOD Marc M. Cataluña “The unexamined life is not worth living.” - Socrates
- 2. OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to: • Understand the teachings of Socrates and the Socratic Method • Identify the uses of the Socratic method in society. • The students will learn how to apply the Socratic method in everyday life.
- 4. WHO IS SOCRATES? • A classical Greek Philosopher(469 – 399 B.C.) and the founder of Western Philosophy. • His style of philosophical questioning gained him a large number of admirers. Best known as “the Socratic Method.” • A literary figure, reliable information about him comes from Plato’s writings rather than traditional history.
- 7. THE SOCRATIC METHOD • Also known as method of Elencus, or Socratic debate. • A series of questions are posed to help a person or group to determine their underlying beliefs and the extent of their knowledge. • is a negative method of hypothesis elimination, in that better hypotheses are found by steadily identifying and eliminating those which lead to contradictions.
- 8. PURPOSE • Engages students by arousing curiosity. • Enable learning to be a participatory experience. • Encourages critical (i.e. higher order) thinking and problem solving skills. • “A meaningful question is as good as the right answer.”
- 9. PROCESS 1. Receive • Listen to what the other person says. 2. Reflect • Sum up the viewpoint and repeating it back. 3. Refine • Discover facts and beliefs. Test assumptions. “Why” questions. 4. Re-state • Reformulate and restate the proposition. 5. Repeat • Go back to the first assumption. Challenge wrong assumptions.
- 10. ROLE PLAY
- 11. I’d like to buy a chair. “Of course, but what do you mean by a chair?” What do I mean? I mean A piece of furniture that has four legs of course.
- 12. I see. So would you be interested in ITEM 1? It has four legs. What No, of course, I don’t want that. I want something for sitting on. 1 2 3 5 4
- 13. My apologies. I suppose you wouldn’t be interested in Item 2 then? I might be! Why wouldn’t I? 1 2 3 5 4 Well, it doesn’t have four legs.
- 14. So what is a chair then? It’s something that I am comfortable sitting on. 1 2 3 5 4 Would you consider ITEM 4 then?
- 15. ANY QUESTIONS? “Strong minds discuss ideas, average minds discuss events, weak minds discuss people.” - Socrates
- 16. TEST 1: UNSCRAMBLE THESE WORDS WHAT IS THE OTHER TERM FOR SOCRATIC METHOD? L E C N S E U LISTENING TO WHAT THE OTHER PERSON SAYS. I V R C E E E DISCOVER FACTS AND BELIEFS. TEST ASSUMPTIONS. I N R F E E SUM UP THE VIEWPOINT AND REPEATING IT BACK. C T R E E L F GO BACK TO THE FIRST ASSUMPTION. E E A P R T
- 17. TEST 1: UNSCRAMBLE THESE WORDS WHAT IS THE OTHER TERM FOR SOCRATIC METHOD? ELENCUS LISTENING TO WHAT THE OTHER PERSON SAYS. RECEIVE DISCOVER FACTS AND BELIEFS. TEST ASSUMPTIONS. REFINE SUM UP THE VIEWPOINT AND REPEATING IT BACK. REFLECT GO BACK TO THE FIRST ASSUMPTION. REPEAT
Editor's Notes
- The school of Athens, Painted by Raphael between 1509 and 1511
- The first philosopher First person to clearly know when a point was proved to be true or not. First person to practice logic. Socrates did not produce any written material during his lifetime, so his philosophical thought is only known through the writing of others, most notably through Plato’s Dialogues
- He questioned the men of Athens about their knowledge of good, beauty, and virtue. Finding that they knew nothing and yet believing themselves to know much, Socrates came to the conclusion that he was wise only in so far as he knew he knew nothing. The others only falsely thought they had knowledge.
- In educational contexts, this statement highlights the importance of encouraging students to ask questions and engage in critical thinking. Rather than simply memorizing facts or rote learning, students are encouraged to ask meaningful questions and engage in a process of inquiry that can lead to deeper learning and understanding.