The Challenges of Sarcopenia: Definition, Underlying Mechanisms, Intervention...InsideScientific
During this webinar, Drs. Peterson and Guralnik will discuss sarcopenia, the physiological mechanisms underlying the disease, and the current avenues of treatment and assessment that are being researched and developed for patients.
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle that causes decreased strength and functional limitations. Muscle loss occurs universally in people as we age, but some people lose muscle at an accelerated rate compared to others. While chronic disease can cause sarcopenia, it can also result from a sedentary lifestyle, hospitalizations and extended bed rest due to other conditions.
A gradual decline in muscle mass and strength begins around 30 years of age with this condition, and annual losses get larger throughout life. The self-reporting of functional difficulties to health care providers may give an indication that sarcopenia is present, but a more precise definition is needed for research and clinical use.
Efforts made in Europe and the US have used grip strength, gait speed and lean mass to define sarcopenia, but these definitions lead to large differences in prevalence rate and discordance in who is labelled as “sarcopenic”. To assess this condition, lean mass as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may not accurately reflect actual muscle mass, but a new technique using dilution of deuterium-labelled creatine may prove to be superior in clinically diagnosing sarcopenia. Currently, a consensus has not been reached on the clinical outcome assessments that can be used by regulatory agencies to judge the effectiveness of drugs for sarcopenia.
A number of potential interventions are being explored to treat sarcopenia in older people, but no drugs are currently approved for this condition. The antidiabetic drug metformin shows promise in preventing many age-associated conditions, but appears to blunt the benefits of exercise on muscle. Senolytic drugs, which clear senescent cells, may improve muscle repair following injury preferentially in older individuals.
Measuring the Effects of High Intensity, Short Duration Upper Body ExerciseGayane Balasanyan
Measuring the Effects of High Intensity, Short Duration Upper Body Exercise:
An Assessment of Fatigue on Grip Strength in Dominant Arms with a Hand Dynamometer & Electromyography
The Challenges of Sarcopenia: Definition, Underlying Mechanisms, Intervention...InsideScientific
During this webinar, Drs. Peterson and Guralnik will discuss sarcopenia, the physiological mechanisms underlying the disease, and the current avenues of treatment and assessment that are being researched and developed for patients.
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle that causes decreased strength and functional limitations. Muscle loss occurs universally in people as we age, but some people lose muscle at an accelerated rate compared to others. While chronic disease can cause sarcopenia, it can also result from a sedentary lifestyle, hospitalizations and extended bed rest due to other conditions.
A gradual decline in muscle mass and strength begins around 30 years of age with this condition, and annual losses get larger throughout life. The self-reporting of functional difficulties to health care providers may give an indication that sarcopenia is present, but a more precise definition is needed for research and clinical use.
Efforts made in Europe and the US have used grip strength, gait speed and lean mass to define sarcopenia, but these definitions lead to large differences in prevalence rate and discordance in who is labelled as “sarcopenic”. To assess this condition, lean mass as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may not accurately reflect actual muscle mass, but a new technique using dilution of deuterium-labelled creatine may prove to be superior in clinically diagnosing sarcopenia. Currently, a consensus has not been reached on the clinical outcome assessments that can be used by regulatory agencies to judge the effectiveness of drugs for sarcopenia.
A number of potential interventions are being explored to treat sarcopenia in older people, but no drugs are currently approved for this condition. The antidiabetic drug metformin shows promise in preventing many age-associated conditions, but appears to blunt the benefits of exercise on muscle. Senolytic drugs, which clear senescent cells, may improve muscle repair following injury preferentially in older individuals.
Measuring the Effects of High Intensity, Short Duration Upper Body ExerciseGayane Balasanyan
Measuring the Effects of High Intensity, Short Duration Upper Body Exercise:
An Assessment of Fatigue on Grip Strength in Dominant Arms with a Hand Dynamometer & Electromyography
Panel Discussion at the Building Research Collaborations retreat, Aug. 23, 2012
Panelists were Julie Honaker, Namas Chandra, Fred Luthans, Debra Hope, Scott Stoltenberg, Mario Scalora and Timothy Carr
Open Mastery: Let's Conquer the Challenges of the Industry!Arty Starr
What if you could get upper management to care about your technical developer problems? Would you be willing to measure and prioritize the problems?
What if **WE** could stop the relentless business pressure that drives our software projects into the ground *across the industry*? I know this probably sounds impossible, but before you dismiss the idea entirely, let me show you that it *is* possible.
We can start a cascade of changes across the industry with only a handful of people that are willing to work together to make it happen.
Open Mastery is a peer learning network focused on codifying open decision models and standards to solve industry-wide problems. This presentation is about the obstacles, the strategy, and the business model.
Lastly, I want your help in looking for gaps in my ideas. Let's identify where the strategy might break, and figure out how to make it work. I'm launching Open Mastery in early 2016. Let's make this dream a reality.
Panel Discussion at the Building Research Collaborations retreat, Aug. 23, 2012
Panelists were Julie Honaker, Namas Chandra, Fred Luthans, Debra Hope, Scott Stoltenberg, Mario Scalora and Timothy Carr
Open Mastery: Let's Conquer the Challenges of the Industry!Arty Starr
What if you could get upper management to care about your technical developer problems? Would you be willing to measure and prioritize the problems?
What if **WE** could stop the relentless business pressure that drives our software projects into the ground *across the industry*? I know this probably sounds impossible, but before you dismiss the idea entirely, let me show you that it *is* possible.
We can start a cascade of changes across the industry with only a handful of people that are willing to work together to make it happen.
Open Mastery is a peer learning network focused on codifying open decision models and standards to solve industry-wide problems. This presentation is about the obstacles, the strategy, and the business model.
Lastly, I want your help in looking for gaps in my ideas. Let's identify where the strategy might break, and figure out how to make it work. I'm launching Open Mastery in early 2016. Let's make this dream a reality.
Finding Your Way with Marketing Automation Workflow [Infographic]Neolane, Inc.
Whether your organization is B2B, B2C, or a hybrid of the two, marketing automation platforms can help accelerate customer acquisition, retention, and loyalty. A core feature of these platforms is workflow: a visual interface for designing and executing campaigns, messages, and even internal processes. Many marketers are surprised by just how many things can be automated with workflow. To shed some light on the possibilities, we created this infographic.
Each subway line on the map represents a different category of automation, with the stops being specific examples. Explore the map to understand the true breadth and versatility of marketing automation workflow.
Technology Initiatives: Google can help the students in learning. Google have many programs in the Philippines like "Schools Gone Google", "Google Cloud Camp", and "Google Teacher Academy".
The effect of an educational program on strength-trainingadh.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The effect of an educational program on strength-training
adherence in older adults
Charilaos Papadopoulosa and Johnna M. Jagerb
aDepartment of Kinesiology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, USA; bDepartment of Nutrition,
Exercise and Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, USA
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a strength-training
program combined with an educational intervention on resistance-training
knowledge, adherence, psychological parameters, and functionality in older
individuals residing in assisted living facilities. Twenty-four (mean age:
83.8 ± 8.0 years) participants were divided into three groups; one group
participated in strength-training plus an educational program, the second
group participated in a strength-training program, and the third group
served as a reference group. Both strength-training groups completed an
8-week training program using elastic tubing twice per week. The educa-
tional program was offered once a week for 20 minutes and consisted of
various strength-training topics. All participants completed the Up and Go
test; handgrip strength test; questionnaires to determine quality of life,
depression and fatigue; and a strength-training knowledge test before
and after 8 weeks of training. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to
determine differences. The strength training plus education group had a
significantly (p = .03) higher (87.5%) attendance rate compared to the
strength training only group (69.2%). After 8 weeks of training, the partici-
pants in the combined strength and education group experienced a sig-
nificant (p > .05) increase in strength-training knowledge, functional ability,
and quality of life compared to baseline testing. The results showed that an
educational intervention has a positive effect on strength knowledge, func-
tion, and attendance rate. Additional research is needed to determine the
long-term effect of such educational components when added to regular
strength-training programs.
Older adults (65 years and older) in the United States are the fastest growing segment of the
population and are projected to continue to increase for the next 20–30 years compared to other
segments of the population (Nelson et al., 2007; Skelton, Greig, Davies, & Young, 1994). As the
human body ages, the functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular systems are
affected. The decline in skeletal muscle begins in the 4th decade of life (Doherty, 2003; Nair,
2005). As muscle mass is reduced, the ability to generate force decreases, therefore, reducing the
individual’s ability to participate in activities of daily living (Doherty, 2003; Nair, 2005; Narici,
Maganaris, Reeves, & Capodaglio, 2003). Porter, Vandervoort, and Lexell (1995) reported that by the
age of 70, cross-sectional muscle area decreases by 25% to 30%. The functional implication is that
muscular strength is decreased by 30% to 40% (Porter et al., 1995). A.
Gymnastics Shoulder and Hip Flexibility Essentials DavidTilley17
PDF slides to "Essentials of Gymnastics Flexibility" a lecture given by Dr. David Tilley. Topics center on shoulder and hip flexibility to increase performance and reduce injury risk.
Concept understanding of Fitness, Exercise, and Nutrition. This presentation was prepared for the parents of Lourdes School of Mandaluyong. This is part of their RESPIRE program.
Delivered (Feb 2014) as part of 12th MDRF–UAB International Seminar on Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases organized by Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF), Chennai, India in association with Florida International University(FIU), University Of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), & University Of Minnesota, Supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
Healthise Free Health Information Shares PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO IYENGAR Y...AmitaShourie
Healthise Free Health Information Shares Physiological Responses to Iyengar Yoga Performed by Trained Practitioners. The purpose of the study was to evaluate acute physiological responses to Hatha yoga asanas (poses) practiced in the Iyengar tradition.
1. the effects of Bed rest on
Muscle In Burn Patients
By: Allyson Armstrong, SPT 2015
University of Utah
2. objectives
1. Understand the physiologic effects of bed rest
on muscle in burn patients
2. Review methods of muscle testing
3. Review interventions to combat muscle
catabolism
4. Apply to a pediatric and a geriatric patient case
3. Physiologic effects of Bed
rest 11
• Decrease muscle size:
• Synthesis
• PROTEIN DEGREDATION
• Change in muscle Quality
• slow twitch (type I fibers) fast twitch (type II fibers)
(Fan)
• Intra muscular adipose tissue
5. Why do we care? 3
• Impairs wound healing
• Increase risk for infection
• Ultimately increase in likelihood of morbidity/
mortality
6. How do we test muscle 8
3 Rep Maximum:
1. Review proper weightlifting technique (wood
bar)
2. Perform weight lift 4 x successfully
3. If achieved rest 1 minute
4. Increase again and lift 4 x (If 4th can’t be
completed test is terminated)
7. Functional outcomes
Description Tools
Four Square Step
Test
- dynamic balance - two crutches or canes
- stop watch
Gait Speed self selected speed Stop watch
Five times sit to
stand
Lower extremity strength - 42 inch chair
- Stop watch
10. Pediatric Considerations 8
Study Design
Days a week 5
Ages 7-17 y/o
Requirements
:
Ambulating
Findings - Oxandrolone in acute phase improved
anabolism
- < 1 year after burn improved strength
11. Rx for peds 5 days a week
• Aerobic before resistance:
• 5 minute warm- up (5 RPE)
• 20 – 40 minutes
• Run around outside
• Ride a bike around here
• Play tag
• Jump rope
• 70-85% previously determined individual VO2 peak (7-
8 on RPE)
12. Resistance: 8
Rest 1 minute Week 1 Week 2-6 Week 7-12
% RM 50% - 60% 70-75% 80%-85%
Sets 3 3 3
Reps 4-10 reps 4-10 8-12
• Bench press push and pull grocery cart
• Leg press jump with ankle weights
• Shoulder press lift weighted ball into basket
• Biceps curl stack heavy boxes
• Leg curl scoot with scooter (with weight)
• Triceps curl -> Throw a medicine ball overhead
• Toe raise -> Walk like ballerina (with ankle weights)
13. Geriatric Considerations 4
Study Design
TBSA 30-50%
Ages > 55 years
Requirements: - Stable cardiopulmonary status
- No infection
- Active PT with resistance ex (not discussed)
Finding - Average weight gain 1.6 kg
14. Rx for geriatrics (ACSM)
Frequency 3 days a weeks
Intensity 60-70%
Type Balance, eccentric
Sets 1
Rep 10-15
15. References
1.Addison, Odessa, Robin L. Marcus, Paul C. Lastayo, and Alice S. Ryan. "Intermuscular Fat: A Review of the
Consequences and Causes." International Journal of Endocrinology 2014 (2014): 1-11. Web.
2.Brown, Marybeth, and Eileen M. Hasser. "Weight-bearing Effects on Skeletal Muscle during and after Simulated Bed
Rest." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 76.6 (1995): 541-46. Web.
3.De Lateur, Barbara J., MD, Gina Mgyar-Russell, PhD, Melissa G. Bresnick, BS, Faedra A. Bernier, MSc, Michelle S.
Ober, OTR, Brian J. Krabak, MD, Linda Ware, OTR, Michael P. Hayes, PhD, and James A. Fauerbach, PhD. "Augmented
Exercise in the Treatment of Reconditioning from Major Burn Injury." Arch Phys Med REhabil 2nd ser. 88 (2007): n. pag.
Web.
4.Demling, Robert H., and Leslie Desanti. "The Rate of Restoration of Body Weight after Burn Injury, Using the Anabolic
Agent Oxandrolone, Is Not Age Dependent." Burns 27.1 (2001): 46-51. Web.
5.Disseldorp, Laurien M., Leonora J. Mouton, Tim Takken, Marco Van Brussel, Gerard Ijm Beerthuizen, Lucas Hv Van Der
Woude, and Marianne K. Nieuwenhuis. "Design of a Cross-sectional Study on Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in
Children and Adolescents after Burn Injury." BMC Pediatrics 12.1 (2012): 195. Web.
6.Fan, Eddy. "Critical Illness Neuromyopathy and the Role of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Patients."
Respiratory Care 57.6 (2012): 933-46. Web.
7.Grisbrook, T.l., C.m. Elliott, D.w. Edgar, K.e. Wallman, F.m. Wood, and S.l. Reid. "Burn-injured Adults with Long Term
Functional Impairments Demonstrate the Same Response to Resistance Training as Uninjured Controls." Burns 39.4
(2013): 680-86. Web.
8.Przkora, R., D. N. Herndon, and O. E. Suman. "The Effects of Oxandrolone and Exercise on Muscle Mass and Function
in Children With Severe Burns." Pediatrics 119.1 (2007): n. pag. Web.
9.Scott, Jessica M., Kyle Hackney, Meghan Downs, Jamie Guined, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, Meghan Downs, James Fiedler,
David Cunningham, and Lori Ploutz-Snyder. "The Metabolic Cost of an Integrated Exercise Program Performed During 14
Days of Bed Rest." Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 85.6 (2014): 612-17. Web.
10.Sollerman, Christer, and Arvid Ejeskär. "Sollerman Hand Function Test: A Standardised Method and Its Use in
Tetraplegic Patients." Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 29.2 (1995): 167-76.
Web.
11.St-Pierre, Diane M.m., Manon Choinière, Robert Forget, and Dominique R. Garrel. "Muscle Strength in Individuals with
Healed Burns." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 79.2 (1998): 155-61. Web.
Editor's Notes
- Obviously bed rest effects all systems but for time sake I want to focus on it’s effects on muscle
Researchers typically define bed rest as a period of 14 days without movement. Typically this is because a patient is on a ventilator, or in our case on precautions to protect a graph.
- Therefore, because mm strength is proportional to muscle CSA extent of mm strength is influenced by the extent of the intial burn injury and the amount of time they spend in bed .
- In burns basal metabolic rates increases up to twice the notmal values in patient with burns greater than 50% TBSA (ST. Pierre)
In general:
Ectopic fatty deposit in muscle tissue
SPECIFICALLY FOR BURNS
A loss of lean mass of greater than 10% of total, results in a significant impairment of immune function as well as musculoskeletal disability (demling)
Type I is slow twitch Type II is fast twitch
Interval aerobic exercise ses- sions were performed supine on the stand-alone zero- gravity locomotion simulator treadmill, three times per week on nonresistance/continuous exercise days and consisted of three different sessions: 6 3 2-min stages at a heart rate equivalent to 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 90%, and 80% of V o2peak with 2 min of active rest be- tween intervals; 8 3 30 s at maximal effort with 15 s of active rest between intervals; 4 3 4 min at a heart rate equivalent to 85% V o2peak with 3 min of active rest be- tween intervals. Additional details have been previ- ously provided (21).
Notice that these RX are to increase Type I fibers
Also this should last 12 weeks to 6 months after burn (PR)
CSM’SGuidelinesforExerciseTestingand Prescription. 9th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
Diminished physical fitness > 40% of TBSA ( only 5% of all peds pt (disseldorp)
Long-term limitation in HRQoL experienced by > 50% dutch child after burns (Disseldorp)
Also have increase in IMAT 15-20% associated with a 4-6% loss strength
2015, > 14% burns
5 days a week
Ages: 7-17
Requirement: Ambulating
Findins: Oxandrolone in acute phase improved anabolism
< 1 year after burn attenuates catabolism and improved strength
Rene Przkora
Rate of perceived exercise
OX + EXERCISE improves lean body mass significantly
Mean percentage change in low body mass ox and PLEX
Mean strength only with OX (okay because < 7 not capable of participating in exercsie program)
Average weight gain 1.7 kg ( demling)
This process of weight and lean mass restoration is even slower in the elderly as their baseline anabolic activity is already low, leading to prolonged disability. Decreased levels of the anabolic hormones, human growth hormone and testosterone occur with aging [6,7,9]. Deleto
Lower muscle mass: decrease net balance of protein (tuvendorj)
Balance > 65
Bone density
Eccentrics rulted in high compliance, minimal transient pain and no muscle injury
