Volcanoes are formed when molten rock, or magma, rises up from below the Earth's surface through cracks, called vents, caused by the movement of tectonic plates. The magma exits through these vents and creates landforms on the surface, such as craters at the top of volcanoes. Volcanoes can be classified as active if they erupt frequently, extinct if they were once active but will not erupt again, or dormant if they were previously active but have not erupted recently, although future eruptions are possible.

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4. Volcanoes are caused when
molten rock (magma) flows
out onto the earth’s surface
through fissures that are
caused due to the movement
of plates.

5. Movement of plates
• The fissures
through which
the magma
comes out from
the
aesthenosphere
on to the crust
of the earth is
known as the
vent.
• The funnel
shaped
depression that
can be seen on
the summit of a
volcanoes is
known as a
Crater.

6. A Simple cross section of a Volcano

7. The molten rock produces various landforms not only on
the surface of the earth but also inside the earth. The
milten magma that triesto come on to the surface of the
earth gets stopped at some points . As a result of this,
molten material gets solidified within the crust. These
landforms have been named according to the shapes in
which they are formed.
The names given to the formation

8. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
VOLCANOES
TYPES
OF
VOLCANOES
ACTIVE EXTINCT DORMANT

9. 1. Active Those that frequently erupt
E.g. Mount Etna in Italy, Mount Fujiyama in Japan.
2. Extinct Active at a time.But will not erupt
again.
E.g. Kilimanjaro in Africa.
3. Dormant Those that have erupted earlier and
not active in the recent past.But can become active
E.g. Vesuvius in Italy