The document discusses the multifaceted aspects of poverty in India, addressing its dimensions such as hunger, lack of education, and social exclusion. It outlines various methods for measuring poverty, identifies vulnerable groups, and highlights anti-poverty programs initiated by the government. The document emphasizes that the root causes of poverty include colonial exploitation, population growth, and inequality in income distribution.

3. Dimension of poverty
• Hunger
• Lack of shelter and clothing
• Poverty is being sick and not able to see a
doctor.
• Not able to send the child to school.
• Lack of regular job
• illiteracy
• Poor sanitation and lack of clean water.
• Helplessness

4. Biggest challenge of independent
India is poverty
• Mahatma Gandhi said that India will become
independent only if it become free from
poverty

5. • Income and level of consumption are usual
indicators of poverty but according to social
scientists:
• Literacy
• Lack of general resistance due to malnutrition,
• Lack of access to safe water and sanitation
Poverty as seen by social scientist

6. Analyses of poverty based on two:
1. Social exclusion a cause and result of poverty.
• Slum people having to live in a poor
surrounding with other poor people.
• Low caste people who were excluded from
the society, facilities, benefits and
opportunities that other enjoys.

7. Vulnerability to poverty
• when a person has the least capability of
withstanding various challenged towards his
economic relevance are called vulverability to
poor
• Communities- Schedule caste and tribes
• Individual – women, widow and handicapped.

9. Poverty line may vary with time and place
• America-poor • India-luxury

10. Measurement of poverty
Expenditure Method
• Under this the minimum
food requirement for
survival estimated.
• The food value is converted
into calories.
• The caloric value of foods is
then converted into the
money value i.e. in rupees.
• The total equivalent
amount is considered as the
poverty line.
Income Method
• This method is used by the
government while
distributing food through
PDS at the local level.
• Under this a poverty line is
fixed by the government.
• All the families whose total
income is less than the
poverty line fixed by the
government are considered
as BPL.

11. Poverty line estimated in India
1. Money earned
• A person is considered
as a poor if he earns Rs.
328 per month for rural
area and Rs. 454 for the
urban areas.
2. Calorie intake
• The expected calorie
intake has been fixed at
2400 calories per
person in rural areas
and 2100 calories in
urban areas. A person
consuming less than
this amount is
considered to be living
below poverty line.

13. Vulnerable Groups Of Poverty
1. Social groups vulnerable to poor
• Schedule Tribes
• Schedule castes
2. Economic groups vulnerable to poor
• Rural agriculture labour
• Urban casual labour
3. Poorest to poor- Women, Children, Female
infants and elderly people.

15. Inter- State Disparities in India

16. Global Poverty Scenario
1. China and southeast Asian-poverty declined
from 606 million in 1981to 212 million on
2001 because of rapid economic
development.
2. South Asian countries i.e.
India,Pakistan,Srilanka,Nepal,Bangladesh and
Bhutan- number of poor has declined
marginally.

17. 3. Sub-Saharan Africa- Poverty rose from 41%in
1981 to 46% in 2001.
4. Latin America- Ratio of poverty remained
same.
5. The World Bank defined the international
poverty line as 1$ per person a day.

18. Causes of poverty in India
• Colonial Exploitation: During the British administration the
industrial sector of the economy was completely destroyed
and poor farmers were force to sell there products at lower
price. Gradually the country became pauperized and the
extend of poverty increase with the passage of time.
• High Growth rate of population: The slow growth of income
accompanied by a higher population growth reduces the per
capita income and, consumption expenditure and thus
increase poverty.
• Limited job opportunities- Effect of irrigation and green
revolution were limited to some part of India.

19. People started working as rickshaw pullers, vendors
construction workers with a small amount of income.
• Inequality distribution of income: Large sections of people are
poor,
wealth and productive assets have been concentrated with
few hand.
• Social factors:Due to socio-cultural factors, people in India
spend large portion of their income extravagantly which in
result became poor.
• Increase in Price: Increase in prices increasing the member of
poor.

20. Anti Poverty Programme
• The current anti-poverty strategy of the
government is based broadly on two planks:
1. Promotion of economic growth
2. Targeted anti-poverty programmes

21. Targeted anti-poverty programme
• National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act(NREGA)-Sep 2005: The Act provides 100
days assured employment every year to every
rural household in 200 district and later
extanded to 600 district.
• National Food for Work Programme(NFWP)-
2004: Scheme implemented in 150 backward
States. Programme open to all rurals who
wants to do manual unskilled work.

22. • Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana(PMRY)-1993:Main
aim is to create self employment opportunities
for educated unemployment youth in rural and
small town.
• Rural Employment Generation Programme
(REGP)-1995: self employment toeducated
unemployment.
• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY)-
1999: Aim to bring poor families above the
poverty line by organizing them into self help
groups through a mix of bank credit and
government subsidies.

23. • Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana(PMGY)-
2000: Additional central assistance is given to
states for basic services such as education,
shelter, water through and rural electrification
• Antyodaya Anna Yozana(AAY)-Dec 2000:One
crore Families below the poverty line are
provided with free food grains through the
PDS.

24. Challenge Ahead