The document traces the history of computing from early counting tools like the abacus to modern computers. Some of the key developments mentioned include Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1830s, the first programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse in the 1930s, the IBM PC launched in 1981 which helped popularize personal computers, and mobile devices like the Apple iPhone introduced in 2007. The document outlines many of the important individuals and inventions that advanced computing technology over the centuries.

1. By kHaN bHaI
HISTORY OF COMPUTING

2. www.khanbhai.co.cc 7/6/2011
HISTORY OF COMPUTING
Start of Mankind
• Human Brain
• Human brain served as earliest computers
300 B.C
• Chinese
• The abacus
• Its only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the
calculation.
1617
• John Napier
• Napier's Bones
• The logarithm values were carved on ivory sticks.
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3. www.khanbhai.co.cc 7/6/2011
1632
• English Man
• Slide rule
1623
• Wilhelm Schickard
• Calculating clock
• The first gear-driven calculating machine .
1642
• Blaise Pascal
• Pascaline
• gear-driven one-function calculator (it could only add).
Few years after Pascal
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
• Stepped Reckoner
• Built a four-function (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) calculator .
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4. www.khanbhai.co.cc 7/6/2011
1801
• Joseph Marie Jacquard
• Punched cards
• A power loom that could base its weave (and hence the design on the fabric) upon
a pattern automatically read from punched wooden cards.
1822
• Charles Babbage
• Difference Engine
• This machine would be able to compute tables of numbers, such as logarithm
tables.
1832
• Charles Babbage
• Analytic Engine
• It would be programmable.
1890
• Herman Hollerith
• Hollerith desk
• A gear driven mechanism which could count and a large wall of dial indicators to
display the results of the count.
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• Hollerith
• Tabulating Machine Company
• After a few buyouts, eventually became International Business Machines, known
today as IBM.
1936
• Konrad Zuse
• Z1 Computer
• First freely programmable computer.
1942
• John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry
• ABC Computer
• Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC.
1944
• Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper
• Harvard Mark I Computer
• The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
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6. www.khanbhai.co.cc 7/6/2011
1948
• Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn
• Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube
• Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories.
1951
• John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly
• UNIVAC Computer
• First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners.
1953
• International Business Machines
• IBM 701 EDPM Computer
• IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'.
1954
• John Backus & IBM
• FORTRAN Computer Programming Language
• The first successful high level programming language.
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1974/75
• Scelbi & Mark
• Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers
• The first consumer computers.
1979
• Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby
• WordStar Software
• Word Processors.
1981
• IBM
• The IBM PC - Home Computer
• From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution
1981
• Microsoft
• MS-DOS Computer Operating System
• From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century.
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1983
• Apple
• Apple Lisa Computer
• The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user interface.
1984
• Apple Macintosh Computer
• The more affordable home computer with a GUI.
1985
• Microsoft Windows
• Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
1987
• Microsoft and IBM
• OS/2 1.0.
• Operate with Intel Corp.'s microprocessors, OS/2 was originally a 16-bit
operating system that was designed to work with 286 processors
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1989
• Intel
• 486DX processor
• More than 1 million transistors and multitasking capabilities.
1991
• Linus Torvald
• Linux
• Operating system for 386(486) AT clones
1993
• Microsoft
• Windows NT, Microsoft Office 4.0 and MS-DOS 6.0.
1993
• Intel
• Pentium Processor
• The processor is a 60 MHz processor, incorporates 3.2 million transistors
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1997
• Intel
• Pentium II 233MHz
• This allowed the chip to be easily added and removed.
1999
• Intel
• Pentium III 500 MHz
• Helped to authenticate peoples' purchases over the Internet.
2001
• Apple
• Mac OS X 10.0
2001
• Microsoft
• Microsoft Windows XP home and professional editions
• New interface - a completely new look and ability to change the look. New
interface - a completely new look and ability to change the look.
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11. www.khanbhai.co.cc 7/6/2011
2006
• Intel
• Core 2 Extreme
• Has a higher clock speed and much more capabilities to be overclocked.
2007
• Microsoft
• Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007
2007
• Apple
• Apple iPhone
• A mobile handset from Linksys who's a subsidiary of Cisco.
2007
• Intel
• Intel® Itanium® Processor 9000 Sequence
• Configuration in systems of as many as 512 processors and a full petabyte (1024TB)
of RAM. Together with full support for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications.
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