There are four main types of barriers to effective communication: semantic, psychological, organizational, and personal. Semantic barriers occur due to problems encoding or decoding messages into words or expressions. Psychological barriers relate to the mental state of senders and receivers, such as lack of attention or distrust. Organizational barriers stem from issues with organizational structure, policies, status, and facilities. Personal barriers involve individual factors like fear of challenging authority or lack of confidence. To improve communication, some measures include clarifying ideas, ensuring understanding, being aware of language and tone, obtaining proper feedback, and being a good listener.